2/25/2009

Shaft Loading
General Condition: Fluctuating Moment & Torque
Bending Moment Torque

Ma Mm

Ta Tm

Shafts 2
Shaft Loading Calculating Shaft Diameter Vibration Couplings
Shafts

Ta= 0 Mm= 0

MCEN 3025

Estimating Shaft Diameter

Combining:
Bending Stress Torsional Stress Section Properties Von Mises Stress
Shafts
a

Estimating Shaft Diameter

Using von Mises stress and Modified Goodman criterion:
K f Ma
2

Kf

M ac I Ta r J

K fm

M mc I
d

32 N

3 K fsTa 4 Sf

K fm M m

3 K fsmTm 4

1 3 2

(9.8)

K fs
d3 64

K fsm
d3 32

Tm r J

Sut

Sf or Se

Kfm usually = Kf

2 a a

2 a m m

2 m

Assumptions: Ratios (Ma/Mm) & (Ta/Tm) remain constant No axial shaft load Iterate fatigue correction factors that are functions of d
3 Shafts MCEN 3025 4

MCEN 3025

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Shaft Vibration
Damping ratio is small for typical shafts Potential Energy

Rayleigh's Method

Kinetic Energy

Ep

g 2

mi
i 1

Ek
Wi
i 2 i

2 n

mi
i 1

2 i

i 1 n

(9.25c)

Wi
Operating frequency
Resonance
Shafts MCEN 3025 5 Shafts

Natural frequency

i 1

i are static deflections Overestimates n slightly

MCEN 3025 6

Cosmos Dynamic Analysis

Design Rule Avoid Overconstraint

Three bearings overconstrain shaft

First mode of vibration

Second mode of vibration

Shafts

MCEN 3025

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Advantages of exactly constrained designs

No binding No play Repeatable position No internal stress (from assembly) Loose tolerance parts Easy assembly Robustness to wear & environment
MCEN 3025 9 Shafts

Couplings
Bearing Bearing Bearing Bearing

Misalignment

Axial misalignment

Angular misalignment

Backlash Parallel misalignment Torsional misalignment

MCEN 3025 10

Ref: Designing Cost Efficient Mechanisms SAE International, as quoted in Skakoon, James G., Elementary Rules of Mechanical Design, ASME Press, 2008
Shafts

Flexible Couplings
See Table 9-7 for relative characteristics

Jaw Coupling

Metal Bellows Coupling

Hooke's Coupling

Helical Coupling
Shafts

Flexible Disk Coupling

MCEN 3025 11