CE 201: Engineering Materials (Aggregates)

Dr. Md. Jahangir Alam Associate Professor Geotechnical Engineering Division Department of Civil Engineering, BUET, Dhaka-1000 Email: jahangir.buet@gmail.com

Aggregates
Granular material= sand, gravel, crushed stone (stone chips), crushed brick (brick chips), blast furnace slag, shingles 60-75% volume of concrete

?????????? CA #4 (4.75 mm) FA

Affect workability of fresh concrete, and properties of hardened concrete

#200 (0.075 mm) Silt and clay

2

Bring 3 Semi-log Graph Paper in the Next Class

Particle Size Distribution or Grain Size Distribution or Grading of Aggregate

Gradation curve or particle size distribution curve can be obtained by Sieve analysis
Lets take a scale and start to measure dimensions of particles. R U Ready???
3

FM = Fineness Modulus

FM = sum of the total percentages retained on each of a specified series of sieves Specified sieves or standard sieves for FM = 75.0, 37.5, 19.0, and 9.5 mm + No. 4, 8, 16, 30, 50, 100 Bottom is No. 100, top is unlimited Include whole range for summation????

10

D = Well, C = Uniform, E = Gap

11

Some Index Properties

C.. Uniformly-graded soil D . Well-graded soil (Cu>4 for gravel, Cu>6 for sand, Cc=1-3) E . Gap-graded soil D10, D30, D60 = ?? D10 = Effective size, D50 = Mean diameter Coefficient of Uniformity, Coefficient of Curvature or Coefficient of Gradation,
D60 Cu = D10
Cc =

(D30 )2
D10 D60
12

Percent Finer (%)

80 60 40 20 0 0.01 0.1 1 10 Particle Size (mm)

Percent Finer (%)

100

Well Graded

100 80 60 40 20 0 0.01

Gap Graded

0.1 1 10 Particle Size (mm)

Percent Finer (%)

100 80 60 40 20 0 0.01

Uniformly Graded Poorly Graded

0.1 1 10 Particle Size (mm)

13

Combined grading

14

Calculation of combined grading

15

Significance of aggregate grading (smooth, gap, poor, uniform)

Need to know >>> well graded agg or smooth grading, gap grading, uniform grading, poor grading Smooth grading => minimum void => less cement requirement to fill void => cement paste can coat all particles Poor grading => Harsh concrete mix Excessive fine aggregate => more surface area => more cement Maximum size of aggregate: larger => less cement requirement / But too many larger agg => more void unfilled by fine agg => more cement paste requirement Who dictate nominal max size of agg? Size and shape of concrete member Clear spacing between reinforcing bars Clear cover

16

 Specific gravity? Four moisture conditions of aggregate Damp or Wet or moist (more than 100%) Saturated surface dry (SSD) (100%) Air-dry (less than 100%) Oven-dry or bone dry (0%)

17

Specific gravity of aggregate

Permeable pore or capillary pore Impermeable pore

Capillary pores are interconnected and extended upto surface Absolute specific gravity All pores are excluded from V Apparent specific gravity Impermeable pores are included Permeable pores are excluded from V Bulk specific gravity (OD weight is used) All pores are included in V Bulk specific gravity SSD (SSD weight is used)
18

Bulk density
Loose or compacted (rodding, jigging) Batching by volume Bulk density = Mass/volume (volume includes all kind of voids; permeable, impermeable, interparticle) Factors affecting the bulk density Moisture content, FA+CA Grading, specific gravity, surface texture, shape and angularity Rodded bulk density = 1200 1760 kg/m3 (75 110 lb/ft3)

Absorption and surface moisture

Absorption is based on OD weight (SSD-OD)*100/OD Surface moisture = Total SSD Example 9, 12, 13, 14,

19

Examples explaining use of specific gravity and moisture content

20

21

22

23

24

I m WATER? Made your headache

25

Harmful materials in aggregate

Organic materials Silt, clay and other fine particles Salt Harmful effects Interfere in hydration process of concrete Coatings prevents good bonding Make unsound (volume expansion after hardening)

26

27