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    1. Planck modified the classical partition function to account for quantization of energy. The new partition function sums the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution over discrete energy levels with energy En = nhf, rather than integrating over a continuous distribution. 2. This results in a new expression for the average energy per mode as <E> = hf/(e^(hf/kT)-1), which depends on the wavelength λ and approaches the classical limit as λ approaches 0. 3. Planck's theory leads to his famous radiation law that describes the spectral density of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body, which depends on temperature T and frequency f.

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    1. Planck modified the classical partition function to account for quantization of energy. The new partition function sums the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution over discrete energy levels with energy En = nhf, rather than integrating over a continuous distribution. 2. This results in a new expression for the average energy per mode as <E> = hf/(e^(hf/kT)-1), which depends on the wavelength λ and approaches the classical limit as λ approaches 0. 3. Planck's theory leads to his famous radiation law that describes the spectral density of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body, which depends on temperature T and frequency f.

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    16 views1 page

    Chapter3 15

    Uploaded by

    Jean_LucPicard
    1. Planck modified the classical partition function to account for quantization of energy. The new partition function sums the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution over discrete energy levels with energy En = nhf, rather than integrating over a continuous distribution. 2. This results in a new expression for the average energy per mode as <E> = hf/(e^(hf/kT)-1), which depends on the wavelength λ and approaches the classical limit as λ approaches 0. 3. Planck's theory leads to his famous radiation law that describes the spectral density of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body, which depends on temperature T and frequency f.

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    of 1

    PHY3063

    R. D. Field

    Plancks Theory (2)


    New Partition Function: The classical partition function must now be modified as follows:

    Z classical = P ( E )dE Z planck = Pn ( E ) ,


    0 n =0

    where Pn(E) is the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution As before = kT, but now

    Pn ( E ) = Ae En = Ae nhf .

    Summation instead of an integral!

    Z planck = Ay n = A(1 + y + y 2 + L) =
    n =0

    Geometric Series

    A hf , where y = e . 1 y
    Average Energy per Mode
    1.00

    Thus,

    Z planck
    New Average Energy: As before

    A = 1 e hf
    <E>/kT

    0.75

    Planck
    0.50

    d < E >= (log Z ) , d


    but now

    0.25

    0.00
    0 1 2 3 4 5

    z = xa/h = kT/(hc) = "action"/h

    < E > planck =

    hf e hf / kT 1

    kT (h / x ) hc / = h / xa a xa >> h kT , e hc / kT 1 e 1

    where xa = kT/c has dimensions of action (i.e. dimensions of h). Note that the average energy now depends on and goes to zero as 0. For xa >> h the average energy becomes kT (classical result). The new Black-Body radiation prediction is
    2 8f 2 hf hf 8f (T , f ) = 3 hf / kT = 3 hf / kT c e 1 c e 1 ,

    Plancks Law!

    and

    Plancks Law!

    (T , ) =

    (T , f ) =

    8hc

    5 e hc / kT 1 .
    University of Florida

    Department of Physics

    Chapter3_15.doc

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