29:61 GENERAL ASTRONOMY

Constants
R E = 6.371 x 106 m g (Earth) = 9.8 m/ sec 2 1 = 9 x 109 N m 2 / coul 2 4 0 = 5.67 x 10-8 Watts/( m 2 K4 ) G = 6.67 x 10-11 N m 2 / kg2 c = 3 x 108 m/sec 0 = 10-7 Tm/A 2 1 amu = 1.66 x 10-27 kg h = 4.13 x 10-15 eV sec = 1.38 x 10-23 Joules/ K A . U . = 1.49 x 1011 m

F ORMULA SHEET

Equations
vz = - gt A=r
2

area of circle circumference of a circle volume of a sphere

inferior { -+superior planet } planet z = h + v0 t 1 2 gt 2

C = 2 r V= 4 3 r 3

a=v r

(Circular orbit)

1 1 1 = P PE S P =a
2 3

(P in years, a in A.U.)

F=m v R r r p = mv

(Circular orbit)

+ a = a1 a 2 2 r r F = ma

29:61 GENERAL ASTRONOMY

F= 2G mM R3 R

F ORMULA SHEET #2
Page 2

1 K . E . = m v2 2 mM P .E. = - G R L = m r v F=G mM R2 GM R

F=

1 qQ 4 0 R 2 F 1 Q = q 4 0 R2

E=

F = qv B sin vcir = I = q/ t B= 0 I 2 R 1 0 0

vesc = 2 v cir
2 3 P = Ka

K = 4 2 /[G( m1 + m2 )] E= 1 GmM mv 2 2 R

c=

= c/f F (flux) = P/A

E = - GmM/(2 a) F (flux) = (1 / 0 ) EB 2 1 v2 = GM[ - ] R a F (flux) = 0 / 0 E2

29:61 GENERAL ASTRONOMY

F (flux) = v c radians d P 4 R 2

F ORMULA SHEET #2
Page 3
n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2 1 1 1 = (n - 1) ( + ) lens f R1 R 2

f = f

min =

min = 2.1 x 105 ( ) arcsec d min = 1.22 ( ) radians d min = 2.5 x 105 ( ) arcsec d E = hf p = cE E = hc/ E (flux) = T4 m = 0.29 /T cm (T in K) n = c/v

} }

single slit

f=

R 2

spherical mirror

Magnificat ion = I = f 0 0 f E vth = 3 T m

circular single aperture

p = N T p= F A

dp = - m g dz p = p0 e- z/H

29:61 GENERAL ASTRONOMY

T mg

F ORMULA SHEET #2
Page 4

H=

1 vth vesc 6 1

(
4 TE R

condition for a bound atmosphere

1 a T= 1a E
T=

1 T E , R in A . U . R

valid if a << 1 and a E << 1 of if a = a E

E = ( m) c2 dN = - kN dt N = N0 e- kT