MULTIPLE ACCESS

FDMA TDMA CDMA



FDMA

TDMA

CDMA
In CDMA ,one channel carries all transmissions Simultaneously. CDMA is based on coding theory.

PRINCIPLE OF CDMA
Spread Spectrum
THE GOAL OF SPREAD SPECTRUM is a substantial increase in bandwidth of an information-bearing signal, far beyond that needed for basic communication.

CELL SPLITTING

FREQUENCY REUSE TECHNIQUE

TYPES OF SPREADING THE BANDWIDTH

FREQUENCY HOPPING TIME HOPPING DIRECT SEQUENCE



FREQUENCY HOPPING

TIME HOPPING

DIRECT SEQUENCE

PROCESSING GAIN

The Processing Gain or the Spreading Factor is defined as the ratio of the information bit duration over the chip duration: PG = SF = Tb / Tc

PSEUDO NOISE SEQUENCES

WORKING OF CDMA TECHNOLOGY

PROS AND CONS OF CDMA

PROS:

Provides Security Simultaneous Conversation Low Power Requirements



CONS: Due to its proprietary nature, all of CDMA's flaws are not known to the engineering community, CDMA is relatively new, and the network is not as mature as GSM


CONCLUSION

CDMA improves telephone traffic capacity, improves the voice quality ,reduces operating costs and eliminates audible effects of multipath fading.