CHAPTER 10: Radioactivity

- Negative charge

- Contains neutrons (neutral charge) and protons (positive charge) - Spontaneous and random emission of - Atoms with the same element, radioactive rays from unstable radioactive to more same proton no but different stable materials neutron no XZA *Unstable isotopes = radioisotopes*

- alpha particles, - beta particles, - gamma rays,

Characteristics

Alpha particles,

Beta particles, Electron, e Intermediate Intermediate

Gamma rays, Neutral Weakest Strongest

- the time taken for half of Type Helium, He the number of atoms in a Ionising radioactive to Strongest sample of power decay Penetrating power Weakest

Thin sheet Aluminium

Plumbum

The power of penetrating is about the energy of the radioactive. Alpha particle has the highest energy, so the power of ionisation is higher than any other radioactive. However, it tends to lose energy quickly. So, it can be stopped by thin sheet. But, the opposite thing happen to gamma ray. It has the lowest energy. So, its ionisation power also low. But, gamma ray loses its energy quite slower compared to alpha particle. ** what is ionizing? Ionizing is the ability of the particle to remove the electron from itself. With enough or sufficient energy, the electron can be remove. Therefore, for alpha particle, which has the highest energy, it has the strongest ionizing power.

Note for myself: x-ray comes from the process of bremsstrahlung. bremsen means to brake and strahlung means radiation. It is a process that braking radiation. It is produced by a high-energy electron deflected in the electric field of an atomic nucleus. As a free electron interacts with a proton, the electron is slowed (but not captured) releasing a photon.

When doing an x-ray, the skin doesnt absorb x-ray more than the bone. But, metal yes! Thats why; the picture of the metal can be seen clearly from the x-ray film. Before the x-ray is done, we have to hold our breath as it may cause the image to blur. (some says that bone and metal did block the x-ray and thus, we can only see white in the film.)

All body in space emits x-ray. Therefore, using the x-ray telescope, we can capture the picture of the body such as sun, comet etc.