Assignment

Topic: What is inductive and deductive reason? Submitted to: Mam.Shumaila Farooqi Submitted by: Hussain Akbar Subject: Department:
Curriculum instruction Development Education

GC University, Faisalabad

What is inductive reason?

Inductive reasoning, also known as induction or inductive logic, is a kind of reasoning that constructs or evaluates propositions that are abstractions of observations. It is commonly construed as a form of reasoning that makes generalizations based on individual instances. The following is an example of probabilistic reasoning, which is a type of weak induction: 1. 90% of humans are right-handed. 2. Joe is a human. Therefore, Joe is probably right-handed. This is an example of inductive reasoning: 1. 90% of humans are right-handed. 2. Joe is a human. Therefore, the probability that Joe is right-handed is 90%.

What is deductive reason?

Deductive reasoning, also called deductive logic, is reasoning which constructs or evaluates deductive arguments. Deductive arguments are attempts to show that a conclusion necessarily follows from a set of premises or hypothesis. A deductive argument is valid if the conclusion does follow necessarily from the premises, i.e., if the conclusion must be true provided that the premises are true. A deductive argument is sound if it is valid and its premises are true. Deductive arguments are valid or invalid, sound or unsound. Deductive reasoning is a method of gaining knowledge. An example of a deductive argument: 1. All men are mortal 2. Socrates is a man 3. Therefore, Socrates is mortal The first premise states that all objects classified as "men" have the attribute "mortal". The second premise states that "Socrates" is classified as a man a member of the set "men". The conclusion states that "Socrates" must be mortal because he inherits this attribute from his classification as a man.