1. Two locations during the bootup process. Flash memory, TFTP server 2.

Rip features Rip uses only one metric hop count for path selection 3. EIGRP By default uses bandwidth and delay to calculate metric. Maintains topology and routing table separate. 4. Avoid loops of infinity Route poisoning 5. A router boots and enters setup mode Configuration file is missing NVRAM 6. Router NVRAM no commands boots from Flash 7. OSPF two router same area Same area ID, Network addresses and wildcard masks 8. Encapsulation De-capsulation of packets The router modifies TTL, same source and destination IP, source physical add changes to exit interf. Phy. Add. 9.