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m  



,
.

)
($/)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5

1971-95
71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95

    
.

)
   

    

6
 


( 1990)


($./)

32.375

907.000

8.461.000

57

28

15

16

79

(: , 1986)

: 4
.

25

22

17

17

10

24

25

20
15
10




5
0

10

15


20

25

30

(Production Possibility Frontier)

30



,






,


,
.


,
.
, .
( )



.

,
.

.

-

-

(models)

(t)


.
V  m   
 
) (Time Series t)


, 1996 (US cents/troy ounce)
.

547

563

551

540

(: IMF)

95-96 (US cents/troy ounce)


95
470

95
548

95
533

95V
526

96I
554

( ents per troy ounce)


600
580

500

570

400

560

300
200

550

540

100
. . . .

, 1996

B) ( ross-Section t)



, 1996 (% )
...
5,5

3,1

8,2

11,6

.
8,7

V 
 V


(cents/troy ounce) (cents/pound)



(1990=100)
(1990=100)
(*177/482 = 0,37100=37)

1970
177
64
37*
53

1990
482
121
100
100

1995
519
134
108
111


    
, (1960=100,
...=0,2 , ...=0,8)

1970
37
53
50

*110 = [ (0,8111) + (0,2108) ]

1990
100
100
100

1995
108
111
110*






12



V m
  
 !
"#

.

. .

(.)



()

()

( tering)

$ 
0,072
0,143
0,124
0,190
0,078
0,065
0,065
0,054
0,045
0,043
0,048
0,038
0,016
0,048



V !
  ## m   !
"#




)

Vm   !


# 
 

 (Sctter plots)
[ 2
]

?,



?



()
()

?

(.)
0
10
20
30
40
50

? (m3 .)
200
160
120
80
40
0

(m3 .)
0
0
40
80
120
160

(.)

(.)

50

50

40

40

30

30

20

20

10

10

40 80 120 160 200

40 80 120 160


(. m3)

%m& 6m'm m()%*m%


S

50 
F

40

30
20
10
0


40 80 120 160 200

:
? - ?
-








( )



P0
B
P1

0

Qo

Q1

- ?












:
(floor prices)

(ceiling prices)

(floor prices)

(ceiling prices)

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