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    Lim Jing Zhan
    This document discusses finitely generated abelian groups. It states that abelian groups can be viewed as modules over the integers. The Smith Normal Form theorem states that any integer matrix can be transformed via invertible row and column operations into a diagonal matrix with integers along the diagonal obeying certain divisibility properties. This theorem allows for the classification of finitely generated abelian groups as a direct product of cyclic groups, with the orders of the cyclic groups following divisibility properties. In particular, every finitely generated abelian group can be written as the direct sum of its torsion subgroup and a free abelian subgroup.

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    Background Alg

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    Lim Jing Zhan
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    This document discusses finitely generated abelian groups. It states that abelian groups can be viewed as modules over the integers. The Smith Normal Form theorem states that any integer matrix can be transformed via invertible row and column operations into a diagonal matrix with integers along the diagonal obeying certain divisibility properties. This theorem allows for the classification of finitely generated abelian groups as a direct product of cyclic groups, with the orders of the cyclic groups following divisibility properties. In particular, every finitely generated abelian group can be written as the direct sum of its torsion subgroup and a free abelian subgroup.

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    This document discusses finitely generated abelian groups. It states that abelian groups can be viewed as modules over the integers. The Smith Normal Form theorem states that any integer matrix can be transformed via invertible row and column operations into a diagonal matrix with integers along the diagonal obeying certain divisibility properties. This theorem allows for the classification of finitely generated abelian groups as a direct product of cyclic groups, with the orders of the cyclic groups following divisibility properties. In particular, every finitely generated abelian group can be written as the direct sum of its torsion subgroup and a free abelian subgroup.

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    15 views1 page

    Background Alg

    Uploaded by

    Lim Jing Zhan
    This document discusses finitely generated abelian groups. It states that abelian groups can be viewed as modules over the integers. The Smith Normal Form theorem states that any integer matrix can be transformed via invertible row and column operations into a diagonal matrix with integers along the diagonal obeying certain divisibility properties. This theorem allows for the classification of finitely generated abelian groups as a direct product of cyclic groups, with the orders of the cyclic groups following divisibility properties. In particular, every finitely generated abelian group can be written as the direct sum of its torsion subgroup and a free abelian subgroup.

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    Background material: Finitely generated abelian groups This term we will be working with vector spaces and abelian

    groups. Thinking of abelian groups as vectors spaces over Z correctly as modules over Z much of the theory of vector spaces has an analogue for abelian groups. Let L : Zn Zm be a group homomorphism. Then with respect to a chosen basis (i.e. a set of n respectively m generators) of Zn and Zm , L can be represented as a matrix M = (mij ) of integers. An integer matrix is invertible over Z if its inverse has integer entries. Changing the matrix by such an over Z invertible row operation corresponds to changing the basis of Zm , the target; changing it by an over Z invertible column operation corresponds to changing the basis of Zn , the source. Theorem (Smith Normal Form). Let L be a matrix with entries in Z and m rows and n columns. Then there are square matrices P and Q, invertible over Z, such that d1 0 0 . . . 0 d2 0 . . . P LQ = . 0 0 d3 . . . 0 0 0 ... Furthermore, this can be done such that d1 |d2 , d2 |d3 , . . . . One of the most important applications of this theorem is the classication of nitely generated abelian groups. Theorem (Classication of f.g. abelian groups). Let M be a nitely generated abelian group. Then M is isomorphic to the direct product of cyclic groups M Z/d1 Z Z/d2 Z Z/dt Z. Again, it can be arranged such that d1 |d2 , d2 |d3 , . . . . Note that if di = 1 then the corresponding factor is zero; if di = 0 then the corresponding factor is free, i.e. Z. In particular every nitely generated abelian group can be written as M =T F where T is the subgroup of all torsion elements of M and F is free abelian, i.e. F Zk for some k.

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