Logical drive-A part of a physical disk drive that has been partitioned and allocated as an independent unit, and

functions as a separate drive altogether Physical drive-The actual tangible unit of hardware of a disk or tape drive
Primary, Extended and Logical Partitions

In order to use the space in a hard disk, it must be partitioned. Partitioning is the process of dividing the hard disk's space into chunks, so they can be prepared for use, or even dedicated to different uses. Even if the entire disk is intended to be left in one piece, it must be partitioned so that the operating system knows that it is intended to be left in one piece. There are many different considerations that go into deciding how to partition a hard disk. A master boot record (MBR) is a type of boot sector popularized by the IBM Personal Computer.[1] It consists of a sequence of 512 bytes located at the first sector of a data storage device such as a hard disk. MBRs are usually placed on storage devices intended for use with IBM PC-compatible systems. Minix3-MINIX 1 and 2 were intended as teaching tools; MINIX 3 adds the new goal of being usable as a serious system on resource-limited and embedded computers and for applications requiring high reliability Dynamic memory management-String processing requires memory to be allocated for string storage. New strings may be input or created, old strings discarded, and strings in general may expand or contract during this processing. This requires some means of allocating storage in segments of variable size, and "recycling" unused space for new data. Segmentation-In computer vision, segmentation is the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple segments (sets of pixels, also known as superpixels). The goal of segmentation is to simplify and/or change the representation of an image into something that is more meaningful and easier to analyze. Concurrency-In computer science, concurrency is a property of systems in which several computations are executing simultaneously, and potentially interacting with each other. The computations may be executing on multiple cores in the same chip, preemptively time-shared threads on the same processor, or executed on physically separated processors. A number of mathematical models have been developed for general concurrent computation including Petri nets, process calculi, the Parallel Random Access Machine model, the Actor model and the Reo Coordination Language.