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Chemical Bonding
 What do I need to remember?
• Valence electrons are electrons on the
outer most energy level of the atom
• Noble gases are stable (the elements in
group 18)
• All atoms would be more stable if they had
this eight (or two) valence electrons
• Two electrons are in the outside energy
level of a stable helium structure
• Eight electrons are in the outside energy
level for the other noble gases
Group Family Name # valence
electrons
1 Alkali metals 1
2 Alkaline Earth 2
metals

13 3
14 4
15 5
16 Oxygen group 6
17 Halogens 7
18 Noble gases 8
Why do atoms chemically bond?
• Atoms bond chemically to become
more stable
• To become more stable, atoms want to
have either two or eight valence
electrons.
• Group 1 and Group 2 metals tend to
transfer electrons to Group 16 or
Group 17 nonmetals to form ionic
bonds.
 How do Metals and Nonmetals Differ?

• Metals tend to lose electrons to achieve a

stable noble gas structure
• Nonmetals tend to gain electrons to
achieve a stable noble gas structure
• When a metal loses an electron and a
nonmetal gains that electron they bond
and become stable through ionic bonding
• Nonmetals bond with each other by
sharing electrons to become stable
through covalent bonding
What elements are bonded together?
What type of bond is this?
What type of bond is this?
What type of bonds are in sugar?
 QuickTimeª and a
Sorenson Video decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
 QuickTimeª and a
Sorenson Video decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
 Practice
• What is the difference between an
ionic bond and a covalent bond?
• When Na is bonded to Cl what type of
bond do you have?
• When two H atoms are bonded to one
O atom what type of bond do you
have?