Rain Fade Calculations

LRAIN =
-use the nomogram
DRAIN is the path length through the troposphere in Km.
RDRAIN

LRAIN is the rain loss in dB. R is the specifc attenuation (Db/Km)

DRAIN = hrain hantenna sin (e) (antenna elevation angle)

Malasysia s (long lat) - 2 30' 0" N, 112 30' 0" E

LONG-TERM RAIN ATTENUATION PROBABILITY AND SITE DIVERSITY GAIN PREDICTION FORMULAS (by KUSAY
FAISAL A. AL-TABATABAIE (UTM)) 2007

Rain attenuation - most fundamental limitations to the performance of satellite communication links -causes large variations in the received signal power. problems become more acute for systems operating in tropical regions, where rainfall rate can adversely affect the satellite link. ITU - categorized Malaysia as Region P - countries with very high rain precipitation. According to ITU-R version, rain intensity that will cause the interruption of a communication link for 0.01% per year is 145 mm/hour. To combat rain attenuation most efficient technique is Site Diversity

 Four major contribution of the research propagation studies of the slant path rain profile for microwave signals comparison and verification between the ITU-R recommendation and the measured results in Malaysia effects of rain attenuation superimposing rain fade duration to define how long a channel is likely to be down fade mitigation technique calculate the site diversity and site diversity gain.

RAIN MODELS FOR THE PREDICTION OF FADE DURATION AT MILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS by

MOHD AFZAN BIN OTHMAN (UTM) 2007

telecommunication and broadcasting has resulted in congestion for frequencies below 10GHz. to estimate of the average number of events per year of rain attenuation greater than a given threshold cumulative probability distribution of the system (Astro as an example) will down for one year is about 0.01%. This downtime is equal to 52mins/year that the signal will drop due to the attenuation of rain.

Examples of the published prediction models of fade duration are; ITU-R Model [1] (the best after comparison) Chris J Gibbins and Kevin S Paulson [2] Zsolt Kormanyos/ Lena Pedersen/ Cyril Sagot/ Janos Bito [3] Mopfouma [4] A two component rain model [5]