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heart £O,t the :soldiet.:'~Y' p,rtof--e5:s,io:nand a Chnsnan up'bringing and educatlon' prevailed, 'were I10W to be admitted," Willi,elrn Canaris was a prototype of this: future naval OltfiCt'cl" 'bu.t,his :famUy did not 3'JP' "pl,~rove" there had never been a career o:f:6;cer in the: fa'mily' before, for [I '·' r. f_ '~'ttle~m,pleu,to roree tile b t'o, aeancon hi narv:u~.Ji~_ -- ,~,.J C -:,tL. bd - YJ:t.:31'mJ$: y :m,~_,--,~ng 'L a1ci _ .~.O:Y' '~J!S; D H J;S 1;a,tJIler'
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while on vacation at Bad Nauheim," In Malch 19:05..' ' ".: "-''!UL.. '111~ 0 b - ~ d h~A'.! ,,. --W' :UJIlLel-i}.fll -;~,wne;·nts .hiottur~ H"· ,go ad ,~a.ues '", ,cE- ,:ngU$ h .~ F:'rencn, L ,ann :a;uu - .-l m h 1L ,~.JII ,: '[S, -< ,. " I. GEiee,klaid the fu,uD,dab'oDS for his ,future: intelliaence career but: he also did, ,weD l'll 'N'antral Science, GeoDTaphv 'and Historvt his fOrm-mas ter' I'aid emp·,ba~ris,010 '-":'D~' ,J ... J'n'-I' G··.······'~r·rm 1L.:~,C'! enthuslasm · ~"i!l"n-~ ob rained >!ili '~~'b' !I;fo,A,ry~,.:. , m:\he C 1'" !£~I{' ,m~ ~_,~,~n'UL~Jl~""l. _'. '\I,.IL ,lab -..... _a oratory ·!,L '~".=~IG~ltly ~ Art' U~ '..-.... ..u);ry"" • ,-'-' 'tii acto r,. a.~ '.\.: 10,n ::1: ,Ap.ril :li 90S' Canaris went with his cerrifi"cate to, the old Deck .... Q,fficer.llj] 'S'}'-"·:'h-·,-,.-..~'1 ,:r:"'. -'1 ., ..... ---. c·b- -•. -,~ "'= ... ,---:-';--.' ..... ........... cadet '.-.tnt' . , ':.'C.Ow ,--,t- ale'"o'ne 0 ' [59 memr c.,ers 0,'f-'~,C'c.,rew oS ,.as th e',' na.Y~ caner en'~',l was d,esign'ated, in the training ship 'tradition~ His, mother had yielded 'to her so,lis wishes and taken him b efor the-Sea. C:OiJdet -:.' Acceoranee Commisslon even before ,C" hie:had matriculated, and she agreedl to foot· the not inconsiderable COlt of the ,t!~ :ii' .~'111 .=£. ..J '~~~ 'I nrst £. I"Ot1f' ye~S' 'oa:Vrutrauung, :S! SOC1;iU S'3J[,eguuu, to keep un d - 'I.JII_elements -.,ecSiLratD!e 'f th - - -~,.;...;;,,1- ffi"'~' - - - - - ,-'" au t 0::.: ae na,vw. o,[Ocr - corps- ..!Ii'" After- co'mp-~;,l:eti'll~"- _..initial - , course .. of infan-try· I, 'trainin(;r. Canaris _.was . draft-ed 0. the ...... _ [0" ._.-- '--" .. 'with 'fifjrlr -fellow cadets; aboard the Imp,'erial 'N'avv trai-ninO' ship- SM'S Stein.' t.,· ... -.~'-J. iI!:li' , . ,.., .... , . ',,' - full'-' " - '".... --.t, 'd. d--" .:2"o$'O'lwnnes:;, ,Bi ':Y , :r,lgged"- th ...- master Vin,U;:~, steam- 'iU!IJ.U!llarleS~1ail', maoe 'me. ... - - . ,. .. _. ,C"I'~~._,,,. ]' M'· I" - .1::.. - - - - - - - -- me ~ '1_,- ... 'yoyages.. tO 1~',Kag,~n;,ceian :31D;- ·'C; ,1:1_,eW'te.fIanlemii"~'IS: ;Th-II'I-' Ih:lPS, comp,w:m,cn't ' " .'111 '00' .. 'd'i ',:-:-" .'. -. "I:D_, ra'u'ngs, ,~t'--kt ,-~,-,'-4"'11- cadets and ,2·1,0 b ,', ··· den ,9,0 " ..",' was, ,--, .... _,hJ'-.a! ..-., ,4-4,' N·:·'I'IC-,··-·'-O·::·:--'-"'d:-I '_'''':::,;c MeDI",'.i ()iIDCerS, ,,--:8 lU~i ,DaVan IOyS,. h -' . :,:.-..-1;,,· ... ····-·d:l-t·,· ~,,~e,~n 3iS ,00'l:O,n0108 J:~_ '.'~, h. ar,s.I. ,regtme,.. ;I'§!!,,''---" W Iuf ho' , ,-~. ·........-.'-', "B CIO,fC, 'b-- _'!",ll,=f,,,t-, th.. ···· ,~,e,.1 had +-. ... :,re ilKI3.S "lie ca..· S . Iii.:·" 11.,0 c_]imb'00 each of the three; topmasts, Th,ev 'Were ,requhe-d i-o scrub 'the: decks with '.' d to ._,J a: 1 ,~ _j ". san d. :3I.D:, · stone 'i ~:'L common manners .. ,Jleam,e~.. 'W:UU, ort s~e-e~p: ~tan,OllQP' ~e; d ,,. .. m D ni~ht-._watches, 'were Instructed in ree1iQg::-- --e: and 'aeJlemDy~'- handlina the fUrlin-ff' ---"-'--' --o~ b'"""'-"-"--- ----, '.' -- . ~ -;; d the[-:- -- 'V "'JJl-'- t-- m··II""'S·· ..~ 0 r-' wm d '!i'!Ii.1j"ii:: .•... '" 1 ,I,~u'ng'-'IC~· . ananss ~ "n~~' D- P" ~r-... 'mY-"I alI'l . ,th~. fad ~D.~[ ..... tr,ainin~ [-outine m,e.t 'Mth api ·p"foV1ill -(ralm one of 'his instructor'S . _. ,m d_og' ', -- [ I[D' ,.. , .--' ~~'-.-'.' _'-'~"-.--,-,1' Ric']b~~.JP'~:f"A'~'Ii!Ii_l![I W·,-··-0···· LQ't;~-E'VeHS b' eC3:me his '8uboniinat,e 'at the': A",':L'~'",;":"""~,iI,,.,1l'l'Ml'llild,';='Di.", ..., t·uwa~'l~=!Iit.-_, 'C-" , ··di 'b'. -d"~,,- -d~-d' - c,t·-L·t A'i"'i'if ·s~nii!!!··· 0 '~"f'h', '.,,- ;:;;; J:o'Unl'.~. ,.;"Dll rese.nre~;_' 8ll]_. a~_'a.p'.JllU.lC ,-,--0;,;;;'11..1-- a" 'U-I.,J ':~~.IJ:we.'; .' I,um,om ... W),w . --glnnmg ·=·r-·- "',:-.·--·6< ~~'," ·~·-'·-'---·:'-:·-"--::'~I-"·-··~'-·d'i 'Ih.·-·, , alo_:".anans was A-~, ,.',L,_ 'be"'---'-~ . "',,-,-, o;c_,,l'90~ otnn Ic'o,mpllet-e,I. "er ¥oyage, -·-,-··d· ·C-·'-"-,,:,,,-·:~'·',-",",, pllomo't'l'd '~O ,/?iIJ1I,rielJ' ,'Z;ut"' 86)£:":mid:sbip'm;a'D,,, itJ 0:0, :1 ,Aplril1906 :a1;'the ]Gel 'Naval, -h - mont T: 0'C'ol[ege~'he began tj-!e n¥elve .... l: h :QoU[:se:in '~hich- Q;'.u,,11U'mn,g :as an.~fticer . ,i\. f'' th"1r'~" an d G·' __a.c..,A:n-uema.rf·was 'very ,1m:po-rtan't~ ~s j!,. I~U,turertp,resen,tatlves 'cL'L'e ,ml.11i'.ftuy '-h d '-bili' _..._...J d- 'toulle ngo~--_C"[ou.s I(J":,- '.-, f" b v.~ ';[Ii'D,' l~~~-,:' _ ~ l'~ 'WPir'~, ,~ trrooUce:' If ......... d ~u,__,W '! ~'I'ii'''~'iiI'tl'liifl" ,., ,el-,~p,'m:lle!n o,f ~ naval--'-- oifi,eet ICDrp'S '-- .-' the 'str.ict,,cute' '!R!"smm~' deck o,ffijcers 'alI: the bottom .. .. "-" _ -':"_. " ,._:__.(-'-'.. _:--. - ....:..'.~.-'. 'lnd .,. ... '-"., :,... :-: -.~".."."~,l""". . ' .. a.bove.. ,,'hem , 'torn.P.do and olrl'DMlOe o'meers,,, 'then the envineers '-~ ._ ,finally"'J .at 'and .. _- ._..__ _."_ .. ·I!~·~r .. -'-,0.,'- '---"'., 'fr"h"I" '.'""'PI ''Nefen'e --,"t ..····-·_· ~_Ie, ._~..a=:_~-~-" .~". ·.Jd·,'i . - .,' t·~··,-,· ,,'-' .. e ..."', ..- .' .. ,"'- ·t~1f..· na.y,,ga !OIS,," '-Th'I':", Onl,CC,r:S 'oou~",e Ul,CJ[UUel, ,gnnnle;lY",orpe--,od·I··.-·
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November 19.01 Canaris shipped out on the steamer ,Csp Fr£'()· 'to report twenty-four ,dmys later aboard the small cruiser S,M:S ,ilr:eme,n on the ,East ,Am.eri,c'3!:n.Station where i.ts, d,uty was to, prot~ct German interests in the: Central
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and Sou.th, Am:ericln ,fegi.o'n.~ In. -,-;:mt service assessment signed, ,0,0, ro JUDe lK-:·~:Ilp-::-;~n znr ·S·c-cQ;S' AI,,···t.aPiilc tht';Q; 0- ··l,,~.·'~:,'·Ii~"Li'" ,'lIIm,e ' 'h'iilli.ji' "he h ,g,d,',-' ~~i'nB..l1 .IIlU~ o ~'ft'nl 'LJ,~ [-(lno' ~.J" _:D~:tl.~, ,_~_,~~ p-~;'ny¥'''~ 1~~~_Ju.~~UI seamen 'well and 'trea:ood them co,mc-dy" bu.t: t1)uld. 'be more energetic, Towards ~,up-er.ioto,fli.~e:ts C'aDuis. Is alw,tt;y,s 'tactful, :and, :mod,cs't,.. 'H.e: .ifi,t,e;gr~tes'lNeD, into the ,ofli.cemjimess and 'has made an earnest and composed social lmpresslon, He 'L~"i:l9; good q_"-ul_ ....I~'r~I~;~'o..···· c... ' ·:,f' haracter ,nI'D' ·d··.I, is :~~!i,~'111_,11~~'~Ad:' _, ~ . ,0-,(- t'L~ m-I'IJ8;~C,J; '~i~~ u a., ,BK.'!WI _ member lLJi:~.Ii'" assessment shows the value: placed IOn social Inre .':tlon In. ships ofrhe Imperial N':avy~AlbC'HS centinned; 'He is good at'TheQry, talented in Practice and, during the shipyard lar'u,p d'etive~ - :3,. weU.~,p.repared, addres:s: tv his, platoons,~. Spew faIrly good Em,glish. ~~~ leSldmhipl very' good,., IGnowledge of :s:hlp very good~ N:atviga)ti,onal calculations sure: and 00 nsdemious, very reliable Stlppar.ff for the :navigadon. officer, Gunnery Vie~y good; nautical lm,owledge ,good;;,~'~;8; n O relinquishlng command of Breme» to' Kapitin 'ZJUJ' See ,~-,; .rt Hopman at Punta ,ruenas~the, retiring captain wrote of Canaris; 'He had been trained as capltai~ns; :l.dj~l:tant and ,p.roruises, '00' become :1 'very ,good, officer as 800,0 as :h.e gains more :self~ico,:nfiden,ce~:Military· 'and social :for,ms, 'blam,ele'~nl~De'S:p,ite: I, Icertru:n. s~yness, : sod <!'lii.nfv verv W·' '~;Qll.1 ..- .. ted ,I!u,_ " h'l:i,~ m .. dest m..an ~~'r:-" -;. ' ";/9 'Th-Ili' ·.1I'~' m '~J n ,0;,"'" 'l.l~'iii:~ ..a'' t~=,oi",ij,d I;'II~ {'IIV' .. '_''" •• 1 J' ..'_' :.I n-I:"' k~ " desired image of daring and Pruseian impetuosity but :accu:_rately summed up 'Cal1m:s,. of whom I.t was gein.cmJlly s:a\id. later that d,es~plt-e h:a:vlng' gabled, 'the: :so,idi~erlrattributes, there remained something 111.lso1di,eriy abour him, He was; promoted Leumant zur Set 0(0 :28, September 1905,}'O' K'ilpltin. Hopman, 'who ~had, ccepted Canaris a's hils adjutant, aareed with his predecessor's opinion and a 'i?PO-'" k "e- of 'C'" an !!]i'r1~1C!'~~ 'iron 'l"'O,.J1 !'H'l,t·rv' :~,~; un .... ondirion ... re--,·H1.;o];'b-,i ~-_,~.4~'~~~~j:· 3:[ 'H:-'It; .g;~~~~.~~~ ~l'~'~rn:~ J,~ ~,p,m'~~dcf·,~gl~~.l~'i' and ...
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9.!put frorn invitations 'to the o,f&,cer Icorps .fro.m, leldlng' ,pe'tsona]iti,e's of the cO!.Otn.y"the German :S.o:ldlieft:~U:nionand, V:l\ri.O'U8 other 'Q.s'socla',ti.ons; threw a. huge garden party for the Bre,mtn' CR,W" which drew thousands together, Altbough, the most varied elements were represented, lit was saturated 'with the spirit of' true love for the homeland and national pri,de,,,~,~'~ Hopman, 'who, credited the twe·n'rn:...·~'~'~lfii;~Vj!Ji'I\'I"iI"'... d ,C,:· '!Jil'nl,o..,..;e;. with '((~r m O··'~ un derstaadin - 'g' and ~'ln,;ii<~;llll::~~~n"',""1i'> ,~~""!.. ~I' :I'~ ,~U ~.~,~I~m,D-=-\~·'-~~
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gran'ted~,J~' Punta AreR3!8~ ,L-udeCkeand Canarls met Admiral. Cuevas, head of Ar Strait' ofMagellan N:Qlv,a]S't-a,ti.o:n, and the IGem~um consul, F:ttty' hours' stay' was granted, in the face ofFrench ohjiectiions:, bu.t Dresden l,eft -after only' 'thirty-tvv:o :hours,)U Din 12. December the British consul cabled London 'and, 'the cruisers 36 G-1Qf:!rA. ow' and Bri',~~J;l",1: . __ ~;c."~' ~~w~~:~~: sent sou 'tb:· .... from'..~'L;I;!!; P'IJ"".'~1i~,1i,":," .,v. ,Ulr~ L'udecl«~ had anchored in. Hewett 'B·a:y~southwest of the Barbara Channel, 'to :aw-:ai'ta" collier, Canaris ke.pt in touch. with events: 'duou:gb. the ,Etappe,n,dienst
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repairs, 0:11, Z4 December :al small coaster manned b,'Y'wo French spires t was stoprped by Dresae,n but laeer released; when the boat reappeared nexr day' and loud, wUel,ess traRi[c was heard, from the cruisers Camaroo1t;[ Brh:tal and, GlaJgo'C1Jl/Yj Ludecke .sou.g'h"t more remote anchorage :at'Christmas B':ay on the a west' side o~fSanta Ines ,islan,d"wb.ere he WM reeoaled with 1,,600 tonnes 0:0 .I9 January :II~}-][ : ~y the collier Sierra C(;TJ()lJa'~, 5 In several 'te;i,egtlms the, Berlin Admiralty' had ad~se,dl L'udecke to :atte:m;pt to break bac-k,intn the ,Ada'ntic and make fof' :h(),me,):~ 'but he: doubted rha-;t his ship was ' up 'to such I ~. vovsze and preferred - ~,:~"~[ "_' ~ __ - - - __ ~, _ :~ U u!' ~e' ~~. [, ~~Jl,~ .. ~" ~v 'I["o":"[n-;O'it remains nessible, t conr u"-' warfare '0.0, commerce in, a :sea area favountble :forthe [shi,p;'~J9At, the beginning of 'Fe'bruary he: cabled Berlin; [~'O',D,j. February wm, attempt 'WI 'break out 'wirth, Sterr4' Cortio/Ja' to South ,Am,erican west coast, Intend transfer '1:0 East :m:n.dlb~~s coal 1f ,aUnw,s ~. On [0 'Fe'bruuy, Berlin cabled, to Punta ,Ar~~DU: 1\dmir,atity' Staff' 'to Dresden: recommend try return home saUlng'''',ship' route: ,Atlmtic Ocean, I "Will send, collier 'to S' [degrees south, 316 degrees west'/~,lI. L'udecke [decided he 'Ilir'flio'uilldrather ~,,,,,ifU."""" .1[\1" h":1,;;;: 'Y".,..~~~. ~.:..aI!. " search f~,r-' ~a >i'''''O!,:~11 from Allied vUW~~'Ii!! ,('",;='n,:~~~ 0-'' -' 01 . [lU,,.,..· eomm ,j"''''~w ." ro d , .~1'~f)'T";~p-~h,c,.ed·~....0,U~.-a'h~· ~ ~u:L.U¥~, vII' 'Ul~ ILw'J[~O'-,01 ,-. '. ,,.._' t--bl· ,r-lI~ "~_~ that he '__ _-'.~~ __ need_ ~ ~":: ~d·.~·· iIf!O:n·.n~[~r~' Chilean 'west coast' by 5 March at the, Iatest, He sailed before receiving a, ,[e~p]y
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a.t Punta Arenas under [Oberleu,tna-nt zar Helie~ H~s work was,difflcuit because 'the, town 'W:BlS small and the Brltish had their own, espionage station there to watch the Germans '~'nH·ewett B':a,v' ~:LA ",""rsum: E"'~'-W·_LO·p-- ~_J ..••,Ohn:iI.& 't-- -- e: r down ILJl.t?I];'S,ID~; ,!II, "";;'IIi..;H\~,. II-:~i UiI:,,", D---,--J--- ere ... '~.UJ,~paI 'f:-[~l. ~<;",:11~[~.j: ish and b•• 11~,d':. mussels O·_,:' ~in ~1!~-:" ;I\"'JIi['I'~'t. the previsions 'ljj'i1tt..-~I'·I~r'~;'~~" .~U~~, Q.W~~U f ,ut; . ~v ~-~ ~~,;II;'J 0
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a:t ,Mls-a,~Tiem Island, lh,e local population 'was about three hundred, ,mostly '11 'b" 'W:" ~ ~b :,_..ll· h'~'~"ean, h b C····~ , ,1,0Ist~r' t: h"~ ns ce.rm,elt~:>, "'hen 'ale C·"-··""1 I harbourmaster came anoarcd 'J :arutns:~ acting :18 i:n.re,rpreter" informed him 'ttUlt Dresden W$i no ,Io.nger batt1leworthy by' ,E' '''.J', d 1- 1L, 0 coat, t, ~J:.-. ~: " muon, OJ. lengul',e ua.mege :111'-, ,','ac~,' f'",~' ....1 aDJd t~:l,e~~J~~)re requ,eSOOg, In:te;flllDlen,t';,:4'- '6 The harbourmaster :promised 'to ,req,ues:tinstructions and 'warshi:psi_'~;~ IC~ ~ 'anxi,ety of the 'German o.Ria:'fS that ,Ke,nt'wowd, :appc'at at any momentwas 'u"nfuondedl;, she was also short' of:fucl and had, pu:t into Coronel on :8 :March,"~8 On, the ,W - t of 10 ,M:arch Dresde« received the re.... transmission of Ber :~'ri~s ,mes'sa.g,e:~Hls MaJ,esty the KaJisel' gives, you freedom to l~y~u.p~J~' wbic'h, amounted 110. permission to ,ultem;" ,As,so o,ft,e~n. befo're~ Ludecke ke~Pt' steam up IO,'ijii]~:I!" bo ;~'~'-:"'t" in 0".-_"',~. '[- der '~'-,~ll-J.jrJJ~ m .._ " "~ .he y.,,·'v ..:_JI_ .• n,~,'" 1k.,iiE'IJ ab,I,~""0". ~ ~~: .._~ t ;c',s'an-' u~]r.&,~ ,1]!1~, Il}~ .__:,:,,:_~, ~ ~ ~,'<i""i1, L'--.· ;u~'~,d" had~ p-'o·.ct· :,Q.d," 1',00::'._.,KVU,~;g ecke Q.iiJUl at once shoa ~'~'_ u'WU c"iII"IIle,myJ' ," warsh 1~ p' .:8'· ~1'"1!"IV' !~.lLI,e entrance to. the bi,~Y' allowed, three: of6oe:rrs and th,e su~on, to lea~ the: ship and and ,attem;pt:1 return, to Germ'an~~s~' arnd Canaris expected thar the B:dd:s:h He 'wDuld intervene sooner' or later and disregard the :Ia~; of,OIC,U'Erali,ty}I On, Sancls:y' :1:4 --JL,-~Ll :1'9':E:,) at o8lohrs Leumant zur See Bo,ker, patrolling in the! steam, p'in'oace", re,po,rted, ,the I:PP'fOR-eb, of the British cruisers Kent and, Gl(lJgow' ..1he plight ofDrt:-r~dm'was now hopeless, L,ij,aecke sent allnon-essential crew ashore and signalled that be 'was hers de' ClQmi}rat~U' ,As the blUlOOUf ,bunch, '~V;;nl"g"':"h~ I·C·· t ••.:,:'L~i,iI,~:~"r",D~·a;' set ou '~ ';;;oi':I!W'ir.d' :~, G;"-c,'ln'~',aj.l'!j~'~' ' ~A B-'lr'~+F~,h-~1 ....ruiser ooened . ~ g,: -"~-~'~O~1W'~,~:l,~ '__' ,/!'.......0'"·'0 D·'"'1F."--A~.J~,- L';;~,d·ecke.'.could not , 53 h ;e:t.,~parv":a:_".:· from broad_stc e ,Jl~'ri !~EI~ ;t;.1L~ [loUC, .·'··i~~~U.d§'·~i'.yfW/I_:. :., .'u·1L ~~t~' !f. ·I.~IO:~: U,JJ.[Da~_; o~d' '_'. cunent and the 'We;tdeck WI,S, soon, :aftame~, wo ammunltion chambers had T 'to be floodoo;, dead :a:n.d wounded ¥rere strewn across the declLs~~, He decided that before scuttllng the ship to prevent ,her faJm'in,ginto enemy hands hie' had 'to ,get the, dead and wounded ashore, He raised the :Iag' ,signal 1\m sending negotiator' and despatched Canads to parley with the 'Br.i.tis::h ca:ptain" J0:&0, Luee, but the BrItish, cenrinued iidn,g over the steam :pinnlce bearing' 'Cinar,is tothe r:,~,~t(,l:~"'iift'~'~ desperation " - .. ' 1$ II'~ ,a·.·.. "a,uv, Liidecke 'U--lp'. the wh ,d;ljlg:::' to induce ,~t.,,p eeasefire, 'this, 'was not a surrender because hie had not struck the war er..UJi,grL, W.bcn the: BI',iitish, ship, stopped shooting, Canaris went aboard her ':;tOO ,p,rot-e:sted, at the bombardment of D'T<f!s:dt1'l' In neutral waters as a breach of Internsnonal law~, articub1lf~y since the shipl mnd crew had been provis,io,naDy intemed 'by' the p Chileanas, Lu..ce &~.I., ~~ _ that h had his o "'"Id:~'i'\F: dinlomacv w:,-·-:!:"i,ll'ii'11,d~-, sort out '~\'B; _ ~~_ ~,~ ~~_ ~._.~ replied ~Il~ ri" . v~I[ .. ~v ~ .. ~.Ii:li'\r.' ;[es't)j6,He c,oul,d only ne~gotiate 'Mt'h, D'f;'C;sd'e.7:1 fO'I an unconditional surrender, Ifthe Germans '\VOuld,not Bgtlee:,be would resume fit"'ng'~3 'Bri.tain, had alr-eady 7 Inform ~ _" C;."-"LiI1~~ throug .. diplom atle chann elk:!!.0''': "I breach of neu-~",:!,:1,,!,tyl'"-;": should h W ",.Ill".... ., ,f:: _lUlU ned "IW\i.,; Ul V'U; D, au. ,. ,n D'rit£:atm' 'be, {ou'Rd, in Chilean ''Na',ten,;;sa: Luce asked 'C~an;a:fis, whether [be flag h :'"IJ: b _fl, 1iilI'."~ Canaris "0' ..·..1FII,~r~,d, 0" '"··U;fio, rh,~",it ;e;t;IIU' 'I fl" ·1 '1\"I't:' th if' forem.... ,~,,e;""'S:~' and U ,IJ. 'Mth that' r~blm"ed to 'th.e 'German (,wer wb,ere tverythin,g :had been, prep3lfed
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- '~m~' I:",~ I:,;lil'v.l: himA[·~C·· ,,'V~,.iD:iL·.": : a.: a . r ,..:,¥,~\ e, -:-,'. ",UU]l,iLiIt. ~\M'. '.•. at '. 'CUJ. H Olll.T '."-'n'n'"n'd"told '.lUJ rrrth '~,uf, tversio n ofeven : ts HoffmannI'.'" said_ th .:Ili ..,h;il:!i;·b··~·.li not ordered i.t:~but would 'take res.ponsib.rul'~' fO'1 Pabst's action ..! Pahst enlisted, " the: help ofIG·:KSD propaganda-chief GrdJbow,sky' to write up' the ~;officitlI'G'KSD report' , published 'b:y' the Berlin :pr.essnext day,i~.in,which Llebkne eht had been sh :.~ot W··'.'··h'·~· n'lp=, ;j.n'g::.. '!li,II!"!i,d/ '1, ,~8. '=-1 u ~ . ', k 1111 ed b ·r"g= ·!Ij'1 d', b·~ ,"r~' :'·0·' ""~y:., ~ ed U, U. F OUt' mom ths la,te~rher co:tpise 'was f-Ou:n.d in, the' :LandweJh;r.·Canal: Obedeutnant 't ¥ nO"(p.l IliO~ K'::"'U!' l·Til..re",l, had lo t· his nerve an d d U·m~·-·p~=·.pAher there 'P",-,.".", ~.,-. ,:-"'U_,-,,-,J!. ,~l~J,'~'~ ·Wh.en. Pabsr .r~ng' his superior O·ffiDet von LU,thvi.'fZ-" Hauptmann Kurt 'von ScJiiei,ch,er ~. later Relc,hswehr,mlni.ster and the Iast Reich chancellor before Hitler ,_,took, the call, Ico:n!',aMatoo Pabst on his, work but then informed him rh 01'" H.:..Ind ·""n 1 'l1·';l·iIlld·' I ordered h ;"8·. p:~~e'·e· nex d····:i.l.·Y·': enburg nee b'.aofo',:['D .~ ,d'~'·'PP·'·'U·'i'~iii!lli':~ ,.. :-~ at ~Il~ 1 11. .. 1 ,.~ Chancellery To 'be: 0.:0. the safe side, Pabst took along fi£ty. of his best men, :d armed to the teeth, ·M.th. orders to take the, Chancellery ehould he :fall to re,em.e~ge~.9Present 'at the Chancellery meeti o,g'were five deputies plns General, yon. Lil:ttYfi·tz and a State attorn.ey;, Kurtzlg, ·Die:pu.lJ" Scheidemann demanded . .th e immediate arrest of 'the murderers, but. ~·~bl·'j::i.rti'~ . U .• U ~. ~ and Noske disseented ,~I:D·:=:lI'i11!~ ,Cj,J-,~ ~J'I at LUtt\N1Ltz's suggestlon, a judicial iniquiry was decided U:POD" to 'be:handled b:y the GKSDI milltary court; the friends of' the :aJle~ed.murderers opposed this decisillon,".~'o' The same deaf Oberleutnanr Voge,l and :1U,pitinle:utnan.t' P:ftu.gk = Hartnmg were arrested, Whl]If' 'Pabst: worked. 'the strings behind. the, scenes, :Kurtzit!l was replaced as p'residing oflicial of thre: mquiry '~f~lKrie,gsgeric'h't';s;rat Paul Jo:r,l~s,who ordered the release. of the principal defendants from cUltody~ 'I~ ~ ~ r" ",,'iL. r,=..~ d~ d iers :~ .e lowed t·· e h Press, pon.tlclans.am0 d':9tct:Mvts:ts or tne wor.~,rs···an.~·, I' iers' councns....JJ!)U'Jj _.. s,o" 1?ro(jeedln.g:Sj~ ith, ever-growing criticism. ~~ w Inrealitv there W:3.S, no mvstervas to who had done what and in what seouence, ~J IIJ 8J:/' " , 'm'" 'W', , ent to.. 1Le: A, ..·._·_,~llW.~J di'n; ~nn~~,e'Q~;l1 '~n .n If'ou'ng' ..- .. d ~u~"I~'~~h;l!CU N'[~ .....d fi:; Inn'.Ie'ofth Ie"· urd Il_r.'._,·····dl'··m·· ··I,....~,lm· I v'~~~
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1:94-:1 :' Foreign
press the mnvasion of the Soviet Union, From left, seated, Secretary of State. Ernst von 'We~zsick~er~ei.ch Press Chief Otto Dietrich and Senior In.'r-erpflfte't' at the Fo-reign R -Ministry Pau~Schmidt
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Ribbentrop announces to the world
The former :he:adof RSH'A, Amt VI (SD!... usland), .sS~,:Br]gaderuhrer Walt-er A Schellenberg, 'heing sworn as 'awitnes 51 a.t the princi pal 'War Crimes Trials at Nuremberg
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consider it advisable it might be iUlsslble to ~ge,bis return, tOI Cm.ro at a convenient time fu\1i' YOlllr,se-1£ Ma:rch: It,vtru., ,10 need. time 'to,mlfJil, C~s; .i~h 'to rneer yo~;,:He ,is,at the moment in southern 8pain~ w
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The head of ,OSS at B,er,ne",Allen Welsh, Dulles, who had contact 'with the Ahr\Vehr man IGisevi,us~Eduard W81e~Jen 'and, Theod-or' Strnn'k, mentioned for the first time at the beginning of ,A:p,ril Himniller as a possible successor to Hltler; sho[tly atlenw'[ds, he reported on Himmler's eifo,:rts. to' take O'~l'" the entire Ger.man, secret service appara,ms"t' It' Is noteworthy that 'Rho in G,reat 'Britmn, atthe same time the rumours of tile und,er.,mimng' and removal of Canads were latin g'. and p-ro'ba'biy,:, frustrated an y-;-:~ ,,;,; rher effo,,~ to c tact [l[U~ -_~, . ~'~'''_'" him.'. ~-,~~Qla,u _'~:'_':' ~llt'I!&'LO' u
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decryption experts were re'~rl'1arIy' able to. present the assessors and analvsts with Abwehr telegraphic ,material. '" although the ,ir"' ,_ " ., ... ,'_.__., ' ,~,.,l. , _ , ..11.. " .,lll,_, ... . , eicmre remained ,frazmenred '" The " "'" , .. "'0'" .. ,.. _. ". ~''''-··t·',. -: .. '-r, itio or . . .,]1= -- .'11:... ··d~·..-, 'er,gJl . "~t,-···· . . ,", ·d' :i'ffi··· ., ult Ul,e-l,pre!JJt_lOn i ofthe·'Ul';,cryp~e,' rna te _:'i""111 OJ,I en pro,w,··d' oamcun, ..·· th ,r,ame,\~o,r Th~ ,e I.ln~, ,_,r,cca,,··...,..".,,<.11.-- ,.'.:. "'-'.-., ,"1_- ,', the Allied '111 ,.;1,'" , - ,- 'If',:,,~ breakth :-[lrOU,g.F.lcam[e, ..' ,'·'"rt:h_;:.n,e ,ll.JJUle::,,JLanUID,gs ,01,.- e .·f;'-"-·'-""":';·-'L:,·(:,··'·k'·· ,. of Operadon Torch in, 'North MIi,ca, in November 1:9-42.:, with 'the capwJ}f of Abwehr officers. 'From then, 0.0, the :Brltish, secret service was ahle to penetrate ,""h,B A": i'I"ii"',.,.; '1["11 remained '0" nknown '·:0.··· th ll1.'L, .KJ!~~b,r« au d,;D~p"iy-: that 0·',0, im port 0'].110· . .1., I." ii!lI!,.,..1L.1,~J!.I". ,hl,telli,gien,oe; service u:n.tU the dissolution ofthe Abweru in the 'sp1rin,g' of :1: '9,44,~ 9' -afl- .,. Thd decisive event occurrec Ion '7~ lN ovember '1[9'··4···'2. immecd j:a.t,ely·.' '~:itet the.. d e 'i..'''. " ,,'. , , .... :' ,, A l1'I'1 d.· in Spani sh M·, o ·r.)O' : 0'·• and '~, ~'0"fi;1T'; wh,UII:;;.o, the A,"1i.,::-,~~h'l[I"" staff in en .t'l.I!Jl. 1:'f"d:. UW'\.. iiI,1 '. .'.-~.' ..'.'. UifXltmpec . .. .... AI, g"e;rs ,·;11· . .,. ..." .. -" .. (' 'd'i ' an.·d' .neanea ror T, ·~I" D_,",:·:[, ..,A·....menean con\,uys "'I'··ld·,'r',···; '/' -". ' '1..., ...,.~,-,_] .if:,. J.UJi1JJS~. rasS-ing . ··· '.'.-.:'.'~ ,...'.... "/...'.['.. an, ,,-SIJ.'pplng through checkpoints as 'Frenehm -1;Qfi·'1'. at "1 crossroads they ~:~'ntu'i~:~~l1y.· troop. ...m et :"[ : 1i1' JlJlJ .Jll~~A·. v. a. r ~~~'vaU.b Ul!IWv. ~JLUv. of 'French, o:Hicers whom, ,they could not deceive and 'were taken prisoner, One ·,-::·,f~: :ao ae ,. Uwe,IR ,p,rls.oners", wnese- name A: ~~,--;,:::::~,i' ',,,,' ",~.,-:-"~', ::::,,-.::.',,-:.t..,--..,~ .., ',,;,, <::,;",-~,~ ::: t+r~ sh !oIOP secret, was .". ~::-::c-, o , th .:_:_, remams ,R -B:'- .",[,hIS, " ~- .:; '-;,--';,-" '-:-'-'::-I~: gn1:enthe cover name '~H.I[L!C ..o:~'il'~n--j'gn'"d~I b eeame O.C:.H,e,vi;f··~,,',tr,;"i!J: most importan ·t'c l~n"~·'~nnuJe~~, r Iarleq (' 'U;!l~ !Il_cl~!l'W .. v lillU ~ ·.t... B':·· :h· m-,,.~.1111l1·:!:"_. __ . . .. service, H···· .'e. ,"ew tne structure, wO"', metnoo~ ana " ,.., ~,.. . -.['. k _.. .."'~ .... ... ··d· 0-f tr:le~"rlltll'S_-.I. tciligence re kn.".., <It.... ., ..... -..-.. · . "," ,... ' .. '. · "." of met A:~' ,,:" ed U'~" ,pe~iOnne1., ·,'~I' 0, ,t·h '. ,:_:1J.--,..,._ .'L,,,,. ." ... J th " ',~)r:ll,,~.,h;· took hin ·t:ro..,.... th ... ·'·U", .... ,lUng-u.om -,uwe:ur" ana I_-J___.,e ·8" ':·"":'~ UJo,_: _Jilll, me · _.__lUI,..~___. ,"J, ' " :',--c,' ..... ..J':~j, ~'__::~""'-'-wh .. jL.,: .. ". lfl,l).[erro,ga ~'1(~L,' _~ -·-·h····--: c.::.,' _'_::,'.... llmm,ew.a~e~y, w"._e,re u:~.ey""., .., -.,' .';.'.".'.,.; ated hi 'C' .. , th.':,-:-" "I'''' -D\\ e.c'e,m .'ib -'. ~o']~lr,:"'1,·· .~-"-.."'--.-.,' _.__ro, rou,g; ",oU ,:.er. ,:-},ar,,,equln
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a: , J" ,tC:' ,', .. A' .. all-. C:· '" ~ ertect: f'.rom 30 june, Th- weirare aned care :pfonsj,on;s app,.liy~<td _m1!rr. ··-a.na;rl$, is; atIhe ... the UJS,poSw, 0",f,· .. '!L. Kr:''.,",,,"];eg,s;manne,.,:-:·-:" "n,CV/ ',appOU1 itm rt i n.o_ eOV1sa,g"O_~ :t,4 -', ,~, A' .. , ,.:,-' .. ," - ,,"' .. t·-·.. ..ne ...It .. ·..·.. """1 -:' me __-.-"'( IS not .-.' ,·, - - dll _!.",e,DI_-, Th- -- 'laboratones, research ~q;'ii'~I"!'P-' ment and 'ullbri;'ri<r,-l!"'~h' "IO"n~; 0"---'' ' ' ' th Abwe~lf' - -- e -'---'-'- '. ,=~I""""'_.='!;;#r;;;!I:,. -Jr-~'-' ---:,,:'_.-_~ '. ~'
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~,it~·-;:'b==A. mould reters *_ s... ~TO atemenrs ::'!1,l"U:n.ou .... made .in,an interview afeer the, war in which Canaris had b' aiven Keun a.personal messaze l~:~'vL_. the Resistance to head 10--"'('- B··.·.r--:~'t-~·~C!bt. l'n--*"Gi·ml'"'g.~An"",,g. -M"'An'''7_:~,;I!!;-1tj3 ~D.... from -" '" .JL
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'O"",f--'HW'." - .-----:-:-:.~.:~-K;.::-: ·c·-,c "'. oul -·d· n,~, II h-····, -. ", travelled e_ to 'P~:' ':',~'i\"~.S ,..a.. th "1'[--' '0--"'- '.. I~.. b :,'I'~.. fr uot -=-'-'-'~-" (" -. r ·,t· I f,""ITm·~nl: ,I --:"0-" , . '. .,~ . ,11. .. 'd e. ,-. ' . .. .. 'tlta.-.t··O at: th· storvI". QC·CU·f·m tne- mterroeanons arrer 20- J'~.~tl··B··,... - -- K"'-" '8.,.:11 'b, . - .. ae ..-- ... ...-,- .;, ..'l.. '~- - . - - e~·-,,",. - .~..£".i.. W,"W, earon "'3iW ·:a.nl"1'~ .:.J.'!II! 'C--~· C,d·I".·· .1 "-.--'" ·-AlnaI'U·S· O.Du'1U1.t.-.- and li"·-..·~'' ·'·-··· ,.. cto_ O ana _aison to am 111u M""'_'- .osoow,. maae 3" written statement under .m:tf'ol.roi'fSltion tIl'at'he had learned in Sweden tn,a:,t Canar.is was; to Ci -. -..- .d m d W;a8In-m'lm~·. d ()r·f-'I[Ue ,~- .-, .-it-=- - .- ~'il.. attl'mnt: ,-(~. ...b -- CIrCLes. 'K": 11, --' --. b .- --... f" I()~~lan .. -~,·t. ." 1· 'u'i:enl:runrU!f' £.;- " remove. ... ... b'~,e observed W ·t: 'bit c. .. stemI~nl~" w·,··,·,·..,',··,~·t,:h·,. removal of the admlral. the .. chanee of ·:f· . ~ the v¥ru v . .. ~_n·it"" .... 'n·~··rn,.J o «~' ,.~ I'" f:~' .I,':::I 11": aeeeud G 1f'iIi¥' "::I!I~ e rea ,dly_-' to .. J-. '. ,t-l'"li.',I wildl,J,U," th I~ "~.O!,,,,,,I.,,Y' r 'pJ' '-0'T'LI'-,' enemI' ,~.lLJ.)U 1_,...., n e to..... cf·~--,~-",~-.. '~I""_"'b-c.,~,-:. t· ed ~,-~.. ,it._OU_- tne .-::-= :c~·':h-:--"'·~hta'.pea.ce .. 8lCcePI,,~-_,-~,e-0 b othsid es, "pOS~U-".lU''''J O· :O~-.". SIL ~:.:~ e,vaporailJe...-~.1UJe, report : --1l..--~ me ,d--' '-~ -,"'. -:,"11 __ d gone, WOw, -'_1k-,_.~ a" <'i-· -: 11 '-, the :~:,-, roaa ,-, ~ever WJl]flte;·ve:r ~~I~I'i'-1di.. ,Q __ d to ,:-1!.;.. __--,~~;-;; fUll! ..,·iL" ~ ,- ao -mEU. hs ,,,_ a l!J!C, ~ug,nw to r ose_- b coooeration ~i'~r~d'-~', W ~:~'t·t..1 ;;'!Iinv. e ,n·fr,:",:t.p~lf!; )111w.,~,,' ~iiI·~li, ji whom .. t>1L . ~·!U~r~".I.. ~ U~Jt' .... other ccuntries 'I'I~!iI\O.!~'II"-~ :~*;::_1l1i~1~~11 and r....... .. operat~..i!!'49i ~W,Ua ~:W .FJt..~;~: ontradictorv :~p·.o.·' rt q_ estions ·.. ~'tl' answers ..Th-I.'F" Germ '.an . hsn a, UDO! c -,J readin ·"""'1 flDg'·.'IO:- .t:l·~ ate relevant :~.c the AlJi'-;:'" ·r:~i:'ril?~d··· tl'O--' t""_·~l'":,. Wh,;,:;II ~,~I~U~~... . .... 'h 't, _.-_:_,d··· 10 . --' -~,J", Iveu. .. ·h-·,·· . -_. -- "', .'- -- ".' ···1 . ··h-·,-, -., .. ".cooperaluon exJ.s!l.:e·.··..'1-:1-'-' 'b-,'if; several." E":' .. --,- ·~ e'-', ques,1 :'[- m,on as-:, ·...0 ".'WI, .Q mig --h' ·,,-+-~'ll" .',iUj,a:ve ~ILl, ~-.-.,-". -'1:...~' d- '" d- .,. fC C--··.. .,. :h f-' .,. D.. C1e~n.l.ll'ter,este;:_ in pelce :s:ou:n.o_1Dgs ·.'ro'm·' -"~.n-M.ls, n tL,e summ.er-CL 19·44 rem:URS I -1·1--~:;-·I·Co'i'II;jF-'--I-_,A AZ,~,-,t-:··,-:,- .J(~u~e-'S '~J-::-,'i't: .. on ·H'I:··:m--··......,.·f .....:" ···:.~·Jh-'l·,···:· s~ .oweu _.-.....'Lo.mp J~';,,~ .• ll1ll~11~"e:reu,., ._.-_:_ .. ~Iu;n·-=Ion,(,...,,,...,- -"c .un~y .~'11_) !n1..1.ef~ .__O "h-·-··c.,~, --- ..~ a , ..···,.-=-::··l-.-,;io;;n, W £' '. ~.. 1. '" '.' ,. d' ....'!t.. Id'·' d" lis:1 alrl llor m_·oves.ttaatlna' ·t~le SUSP·:I!o,-Q·ms8;rrttlnst· C'"""'~ .. b-~lrt_...t.~. ensure':: l 'u~at alliO ·-o·'·····~· .... ana!fls; ." ~ h'·' m-~--!'-.' ~:o··:·,:,'iRtl~~M:n.n:11_'- 'II~: p:'l'try~s.Ii;~rl[: ~ ,..~. ''ii:ii!:rI:t- h r'"' Dt . h'" ~ I·· rilm!' ;f_",i "~.I.I.n·-I·"I'lnI¥iI th r'" ~r~·'iiO.~;t1··,-~n,':nI~, ,.,
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Herwig, HoIge~f 1=], '~:Sovj:deHerkun£t un,d, wiSS~ml~chaftlicb~ 'Vo,rbUld;y:n_g des Seeo\m~jiet$; der ,Kaise~iithe-fi, Ma;rine vor I 9 1.4",Mi1itat:gest,lJi,htlitJJ'e Mitteilungen IO,
:1'.4 HahAe, ,Ca7tdri;s'!i! ,P' J! 8:;" refeoRnce to ,Erich 'Fe-rdirumd Pruckin n ,],5:~ iS ¥Ierro,g:~~Derjiun~: Ca'Oar,m'~:":" ]I '11' gives: 11,0' cause: of deatb: Br.~sa1.Jd).A:n,dre-:" Can'tl'J"is p _, Fitrst i':~:dg,f,l'f.s'~,;eTl'G··-',-'e,l.,~;:rijil-,f,'8n'~*~_.t!, ,,,"lJ:Dr."~'~:O\;i!'~-:Ojt'" ,U~~l D':,~I}~1;~,;~~~,p "llKl~U!ll, ,J~\~, F"--r' ~iii;-\"-'I:~f:-''''"it 'II',f!iI, .... ~" 'n . ~- _'-' '_ - --- - - (Jt _.'J~~"'!f"~U~_~, _ i;IYJ:~!I='~~!IP,~' v.rr·Ii.!,f.~r·I~~I~!Po:'" " ~, a ''JIII .lit" I.s I' says he died ,of:3t:slto,ke;: :H;Qhn~,CaJI'tJ,;i!1~p 2. l stmt:esthat death resulted a's the oOinsequel1ce of' a heart :atmc'k and Absbage n, C4:rU'trit~" P' ,2, 9':t speaks Q,nly of' a :beittt"
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][6 Ctrtifi,cate,jl 16 Mm:h I '90j: ~BA'-"lYIA~ 8: I 21 I~,document ,6;,in this :recently opened N batch ,of pa:pe~,sare ~nc],tlded, o,r1gffi:nais,,of most nomin;ajtion~ to ,PQsiUo,m abOiard, :sbm,p, notlficaeions of pro motions 'md dec-o'rad.ons, some prlvate and service CQ,[Ire spon de Ott"
cperational orders and
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together 'Wi:rh :files of the Committ-eet: ,ofIDq~my'
into the
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H,~~nO" '!~r~)ii""'~e-,•·anaris' 'po: j[ ,C .· '-H~';;;h-n~- .C··.··.··:d\~1!i'~~,~,_ '"It... to_< r the 'N-':·, 1':;"!ilrr~1 Cadet . ,~"..,u'" ;1;;,0]', 'ilil . ,!!, ,r ~¥a!J, . _.~u' . _ Ace"e.ptance Commission 'and the 'costs, oftkdflin.g' and, its funenon :0 :1sucial bnrier, see H,erwig:; 'I;H:'erkuldt':" P 8;_5f and 9,J, mth n 70'" Herzog:" 'Der jiun,g,e' Canar,ifl" ,P It 8", Ho,hoc, Ctu~'a\"is,,:p2, :1:" Pe~sillS:" Lothar, 'Erinnerungeu eines :Soenmiers ,II. ,A]s K'ad~~tan :Bo.rd. d.er- '"'Nlo'be Die WtltbiilJn,e E,;J' 1.4,Aprll 1925, P S',4tJ.; H,ohille:~ C'atl,t1,ris~,:p ~ I ,. H~rrog",(D~r j unge Canarls', p I 8'i, Abs'ha,g'CD:; Can'flr:iJ" ,P j, rf Personal~ service record ..Can - ott','=I',fZ', 'll.:-~,u}U~9,:;0":': a-:ifilld_: '9'- JJ..I -< '" £'o t:~""'~i , .,£",CI ~~ . ~~~ Ibid, folio, go'" Hohne~, CCl.nttri~'"p Z]: f[
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7 Hohne, CtJn;a,rts p :15~ 28, Service eertificate, N',ew'York, :1'0 June ~'90,8 (rwtitten Mtef ~S:MS Dresden 20,;]I l! . I 9-0i~ reason fOil aJlt,ern;oof;1, b:Hleci:phenhleJ~ Canaris- IfZ~ .toU,Q :a;. 2,19 On occasion of c'ban.gi'n,g' ccmmaaders, Punta J\re:nas~ ,1:,:1; D~c:emlber .l'908:~ signed, A1berh:~ service record, 'C:anM~s-lfZ~ MillO3..
:3 00 Call1uis-ltL; 10]10 '90,. 3 I &sessment repo:rt to; ~IN ovember :m: '909, ibid, fQ,]:l,.l) 4~
3l ,Ho[pman:~,Albert, DttJ Log/J,u'Cli sines d~uts(;!Jm Se:e'¥fIi".t.iers~,Berlin 33 As;&es'sment repor.t to' I N ovember f. 'g09;, Caoadi~-I:tZ~ £011,0 4~
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Diaty~ Albert :H'~p.nfiafl,:BA,~:lvlA,N' ,3,2,61'5; quoted.

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OF.igi~:la'~, notification of award at 'SA ~,lvLA;, ~~l9:;,the de co rado n, Is menrioaed in of g the personal file twi~e1',2 3, May r 9-.09 ~ £Olli,o :[S' crossed 'tWcrugh., ,A :rurth'er stay ~n 97 'VeJleZl~eJa, ,in May as su;gg,e~md by FI()pm~u~.is Dot' possible, :H:clhn~,Canwls,:p :26"
iWud,., A C,O(OneCU __ 'with a n:3JvW., on 'blockade of Venuueila", a's Britain, ]taly and 'Gennany :bad :~m,polSedin, ·1' 902 to force 'Ven'e,Zlll1cJj:l, to :ilclmowIedg-e Its debts, ,did, not eD'S[ 'It this time; 'bad h: done so the
.is eq;.uaIly va,gue: 'aJS to the circumseances ofthe
Copy rig hted m ateri a I
,4,
Parker de Bassi, Kr~:tJ,'Ze,r DreJdtn,,~Ii' 48;,.
5 Raeder, Kreuze,rR.~1e.gJ p 3: 7'j[ :~, Pttke-x d.e B,u'si, Kreu.".t,,'c, Dr~sdfnj':p SOlf:, 6 J-Iohne~Ca~tliJris:",P' ],"0.,
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aboard, n'tJ'SJe,t1i see; th,e memoir of for,mer 'Unitrero,ffizi;eI Heinrich Schneid,e~~Di« Jetztc.' Ra:iJT'/), p .3 ''1~ 9 :Raede:r., Kr-etcl1ser-lft~g~P' 3,7'4r··,
S
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For morale
Ibid, and Hehne, Can'aris;,:p Z9. Raeder, Kr~~'U"kf-,i~gj 7,4~Oibi'tUJary QfJW1u~Fetzer in Die' NaelJ.:lJ:tI,(;' 3 ~ 'I:916,:8, P 2-4, ,P',] B,A'~·]VlA.!, MSg j; =:2; :21'1 ~
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~z Par)ku de B:uSJi,~r.euJtu K
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:R'aeder~Kr-tta.erluieg,'p 3, SO"" 1.5 Parker de BIM;Si~KJe,i~,ner' ,Kre:li%U" ,P,P 80 and, ill 28,[ ][,6 Ibid, and Ra.~d,er;Kr-euzerkrieg, P I,47£ ~1"': Pa ¥l..er de ---"~,,",,~,, ~V:';'·.:iil-~""~ ~:n_ p-'- 1--' 'I'-'Ii Ig .. ,~."""~,~"",,,~~, I 8; Raed.e~) relJUr,Rr,ieg~ P' ,38, S t, Paiker de Bassi, ,Kr,euzer Dn!$'de,1J',~ pp :1I 5'~' 2,;, Schneider, K Die ,l(!t~'tl'.F.:J"r/~P 59,£{ ]I '9 R-aeder, Kf;elt%t.rj:neg~ ,P 1\"1" 20' Parker de B:is;sl~ ,Kreuz.er Dffsaen;, PI,] 0,. :~ 'R'afide-l~J{r;f!.lIr;erkTi;eg,:p Dr 91;, 'Parke! de BassI,. ,Kreuzer' D'r£"uien, P' l.3,of[ I 2 $ Ibid, P 1,3,5 :jl far' a detailed aeeouat from the British perspective, see: :Benn,e~tt,
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hundredu. miles west of 'l:,;f"'}'li"I!~I'I";...iso, a-'n, ,1. 'N'",O\'!I:I!""""im-' "b~:C'A'II"_ rhen ,~:"7q.<"l.;"-'~ ;'Iii"r,J ,L'.,i<h?"~u iU,!.II!-'~, _.~... '¥ 'W~ I r visited Val,p~u~~iso intelllgeooe and dlp~o.ma't1c purpos-~s:" Canub 'W~IUI. ashore :f01' with his commanden In cables from B'~rnnf which they brought back :fnr the admiral, von Spee was 'aJJ.eg-'~dmy·a;s.~d,'\ma'ir his lnt,endon~, 'WeR:._ :N'odocuments r-ela,thl- tc ht~ ',' ", , , ,,_ _ _, ,,_ _ ,_ ,.,_ __ ___ __ ". . .. ... ._. ,. . lJ. ,. ,g: 0 W~ -d.ecisio:ns,and Ictivi,des: over this last month ,of his .li£e, have ever been discovered :in
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Allshagen ;a,p,peiir to have been in, his prMte~possession, Padrer de 'Bass:\~!, KreU%u ,D"':aJnl,, P I 5 ,2, ~ Trartsiamr's lili{lte:~' This sjngle. sentence covers :3J whole ,moll1th,of !a'ct~J.~.ty~ Benveen 6, and, I,) N'rrvember" the squad~'(ij;.nooaled, and reili,tted, at M'BlS Mu~n.,I~l~d. several
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n,ext .in,t~) he secluded B:31y of'S'lo Qpirntio. in, the GtdfofPc'f.'DJQS on 'the southem coast t Of"Ul~:rillan.d Chile, where they recealed and, shipped supplles from three, fr-eig;ht,ets of 1 the .. G",. ~ ~~~~~ ~ KI"ni~~IO~ LJn,p, H,:' ~~: t-',~~. -.... p~iIf~n<lltifoll*:'.n.n··c were m auc .l-:V . the assau 1:t, ,Cn,r,,' r~J,! . -~,e.:r:i"t"ii't'!iI'n,...",liilil'!:]l, _~Jli'l!ir ·F:n , rlLW r -'~~ ~uU\ ~-"-~JIj.~ , [ . ~rn], on the FaUda~d I:slallds~ z 8 'Parker' de :Bass;i .Kreuzer Dresden, P I '86,.,
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116
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20
III, :2. j DeC!ember.-,] :1:JaJDuary 'I:'9:1:6: 'Gcf[nan Embassy M~addd, Te!le,gr,am ]i'O"4 Janruary :11916, N'A, ADM 2.:2.]/641., ''Rio. Kom,g im 'N,ett:~,D,itt' ,~lt:biilJ,u!~, 10 Ja:~uary 1'9:2,8,. 1 PlGpeleux; Leon, L,~Jmirl1i Catltl;riJ entre Preneo et Hfti~, L« :r.~/e' Catl'tl!r,t~S'tla-nJ' les tie rtlatitJl1'$' g~l(J-lJspilp.i(}lr;s (I9 ,IS~ I944}~Bmssdst. 1[' 9'77~P ,] i. Pa:pderem: ICJiuotes, a .rept'l[t 'by' Canms of IS October :16, on the poU.-tic;il si.tu'anon In Spain, 'Ein. Kom,g :im. 'N,@;rti, ,Die' mlthiiJ;ne~ ,U) Ja'fll.lO.a'ry' 1'9 i 8,:" PP' S 3;~7'i'
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,AJblba.gen~ Ca-n(l;ffl~,:P !'9 '~Eln Konig :rm 'N'ett~"Die WtltlJiiJJne" ro January 19'~'S,~,,PP' j ,]:'·· .. 1.'
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'Im:p~rial, Nla:v;,.n, W'¥r.~ avWlahte :wt 'www~uboa't~:rn~tlmnlclaj, :2; ,Apr.i!l. 2-0(J..5;; i ~~ ,M'~drid N'gv;aJ..,Me~,~~'vol JI]~ ,~,j: December J:(]i,j' ',]l: J~UMY' I:9:~6:G,efm~.
EmhMSY .M;Wid.~ 'T~'ltgram 4.1[,~, J anumy 119:F. NA" ;\DIM :l,~ 3/64 J: S 6:p., 2.], 'Ibid~:Madrid~'TWegntIll :Z 1:,4, ,2i'9 J:muuy :1: 91: 6" N'A;;,ADM :Z:Z 3l6 '4Dl ;, 2,4 Ibid, ,Mad:ridf 'Teleg~am:1:III I' ~ 2,:1 J:31nulrY :1:9 16" NA,) AD,M ,213/64 m: 2 j Ibid, ,Admkal1ty, StaJffBe:din, 'Telegram 37, 2,6 Jmuary EI9 :r6" NA~, D'M 2"l3/64! ~ A 2,6, ]bi.d:~ ,Madrid, 'Telegram J 9:8 ~ ~1 Jmtt~ry I 91 6,~ N'A, ,AD:M: ,2:2 3lli4M'
ii 1
Madrid N'aWJ1. M'eBsa;ges" voID,II] :v1" 2 s: December I: i91S:,",,",18 Ma;y l'9'16~, ,'A~ADIM N 2 2;.J/64lI:-6\44i' S@~: Demncin" RabNt" ~s : eeret N:lvaI S'~p,plySYS1t-em 0-( the Ger,man
a.
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C1an,aris.'-l:£Z1' :folio :80i' Madrid, :N'am MCisa.p:s;, vol ]V~ 1,.....2,'9 :Fe'bmaIY :19 1,6,: German EmbuS'.f Madr,w" '~rei1egf:am·4:2~~,2;J()' Febnuuy 191 6" NA~,ADM 22J/6~,;z".Madrid, "V'MtU!O 'tha'itCanaris :b.ad, t£)1 be Issued wi;,t'ilatl!it fail 'm,m it, ltlCW :pusport in Zu'rich 00' thsJt the old one ~howd, :llIot 'be .mndered wortbl'ess ~ 'Ger.,man ennry visas, In, the 'l.degtam, a ~n'ew~ pusport is s;poken cd~' cnnmfjngiy" ~ ,1 ,J'......!' L 'L. M' '.~.J'~dl T 'm M.iiilll.iu!.11 N :ftftJJ,i' l 'Ii ,11J;¥, ".e-ss;ages:,. 'm V. l-19 M-' ¥alii "", ,',aocl;'h :1:9:1'0: ,E·.,mJUusy,',,~,llU=l,·. I"~1,e-JJ.egram, 1'0:8",
:I,) JmUllry
I 92,4~ ~11
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N'ilwl. medicRl. c-ertificate~
Js:nuaty
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'rtii"'11'M·
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219' 'Febnullry"
:1:91,6", N:A, ,ADM 2; 3,],l6'4.]..1'
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a, :lloveL IC'm'Mis 'was: ,put :a;b·oard ship'm;rn

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so 'that 'theY' oorrud. 'C:aPNI-e, :Wm., When, 'Cmu:ts hf)~d~'f,[e~veued' hi:s 'true; ,iden.d:ty 'to the S; 'i,~~S,,ca:ptlllllc'l the: latter ,took C'mlJ.'b undlef'll.lS ,prorection and sailed t'D Spain direct. See ,Ahsbageo" Can,rui.~'~ 4,1;, B,rislaDud, ,C'tlnari:s" Pi~ It 11l,e;re is no proofof dns ,I"
'I'
Naval. ,m.edlctU 'CKdJia,te: I 5 J~nl!ua.'l!y It '934" .in, 'CmIa'r.,j!8-.]'a:~ {oii,o 8,0"',], ,] 4, :Madrid N':IV~, M'e8sa_gesj, vol. 'V, I=,~'9 M'Mcll ]! 9:1: : ,Adm.ir.'&ty Staff' B erlin, 'Tele_Pim 6
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i,
'rem,ptJng:
:St'lJ;ryi'
1-41, 22 Mar-ch 19,1[0" NA, ,ADM
2. 2,J16,43,.,
Copy rig hted m ateri a!
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,],) Ibid, AdmirnJlty :Staff BeJr,1in, Tclegnun. j':1." 24 ,Mt~!rcJl. l! '9 I 6,;, NrA, ,AD,M, ~ 2,]l6,4,] drid N' ..~-" 'M' ~Jtr 'b "M' ,"".:f'~,.JII....j .,.J!!'lf"IJ'~ .]16 M :ami; ,:,'.a,~mf)e~~age~; 11 'VI-' --,i, 3'0 1¥:J!atc~~Ir:-'8_:ay' ]»916:. E it.. V'Q,I!~ _--,mJ!Jassy'l'i!t~~.u'-J(e,l~gr1111i 97'o~28; A:prilll 9,m:,6:~'NAJ' ,ADM: ,22316,#., ,] Ibid,., Admiirdty Staff:B~m::lln~'Teleg~1l"D :~42,~ M'~y )1'9:r6, 'NA:; ADM: :Zl316,~. i I 38, Ibid, E,mbassy Madrid TeIe,gram, 99.2:,. ,Ma-y 11'916~, A, l\DM. :223/6'441 ~ N
,i'
-e
j, 9
,40
Ibid.~E:mbiassy' Madrid. Tele,gr-run, ]"005:, 4 ,Mll>r 1'91 6~ NA, ADM 2~ 3/6441.. Ibid, ,Adnintrdty S,wt:BerU'n" Telegram 2S:8~ ,6 May 19'M,6:~'N~, AcD'M 2.Z3/644~
4]!
Report on visit of U'-lS: to Cartagena, 'N~, ,AJ)M I/8'46'i ,) ;2j,tI, 4'2 Bass~tt" ,H:itle:rj· Spy Chf¢' PI?,; 4'fE BM&ett~s assertions are t.o'be trea'ted, with caution, &,cordling to hlm~Canaris took ei,gilt, months to get home from C,hile,went :b to ~ ,.J ·JI:l:d '0" , e b. Jt~tst ,.,.ft S-~ ,. ,in,rh-e S,pl'Ul,g' 0'r'~ I all'(l W' _':~l<ot _p.l1n. ., I '9 retura 't:o_ -~:rmmf tor t~e £." nme nnnl I91I'T· 4 3 H,e~fZl()g~, Bodo}. ~C;mHis,w'b:d,am, !~ krober m: '9 I 6 ans S:panien. abgeholt~,~ 0 ,Dle',Na'~bhut :I:~1!'973~:P ZI~.'BA=AlA~ ,MSg' .3=22,/r,.
~i
44, KTB, 'U' 35, ,Appendm I, BA,=,ldAp, :RlYI 9,.,li6,6.~ 4.5 KTB U .J5: [; I~, Sleplte~mberry October I'9 I16~, BA,=,IvlA~:RlVI'97/70(i.
4,6 KTB U ,]5:; App~:ndix 1, BA,~·MA,R.M.: '91l7661~ ,47 :KTB U 35, Appendiix 1'BA,-·~, RlVI 97'76.6,..
,48
BA,... V:1A" RIvI i'J7l76lJ'" 1 ,49' KTB U ,3,)" A:p'p~FJidi4li. BA -,MAJ Rl4 ;(J'7"766,~ 5'0 ],brud., 5I ]b~d" 52 Letter, Adrn1ralty Staff'to N !:lv-all Sta;tion Blaltic~ 2() October I 916,~C;mms;·=·IfZ), :foli.o :KTB U .3 S~~, A:f,pe,fidix
I~
i'O., ,S: 3: ,Cauar,m-Ia- ibid, foUo '916,.

4' U-;B'(J;at If&r i:'n ,th,e Me:(/it4r,ra;neu'1l
T
Weihl,e'l"
:1:44£
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Ges:elhcht1fl~gesc:hicht~, ,1'9 I4~1949'i Muwcll,
:~A)03"
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2,
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:5
6,
7'
'8 9'
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:K'e~g:an~ Jo.~m,Der Erste HieltJ7 £eg~,Bille eu,rt)p#'bch~' TT~gitiitj R;(1in'~eik" ,2'OOO,~ P' 48 8 ~ 'Wehle;r~ Gt.Si!ll~t.IJ·afl:sge.j,dJ.ich,tr:,:p '14,5 ~ Letter fro:m Head, 'U,-horat S-ch001, :~Co,rvette-:nbpiitin Eschenburg', I.I September I9:17, Canans- IfZi, .folio, :I. 2;; Unda;ted :61e. note of ,C,O~ U'=Boot-Flomlle ,lYU,ttelm:ueer, 'C~anlI'rus;-lfZ1' fOUflD' I' 5"~ 1. 'WIr di~ryj,KreigsmgeburC_h. (KTB)" U'C· :2 t. :BA,=,)dA". RlVI 97/:1:1'8 S" (-olio" 8;, ]bkl~ ~Q~O'9,.
Ibsd, follo
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:Ibid~faMo r ,$'. Undated file note of CQ':, 1., 'U·,-,:Boot-·FlotliUe :Mj'tt:e:tmeef;~ Canuls~lfZ; folio ][5. Assessment report, ,2; 5: January ][9 I 8", K:T'B~,U'C 2 7'~ ' BA,,,, l\1l1\~ruvt. t;),7/:'178S:t foUo I '8 KTB" 'U l4h BA _.JAA""RJ\.l '9"/753" foliol..2 I; :fil,r this second 'WIt paten:! see also Herzog, Bodo, j;Ka'pidirueUtllIUfi: 'C.MIMmS als U Boot- Komma'lldan.t: KJr.i't:isch,e Siru~\'i'tru,o,n im Gelci tzug!!:t.,Die' ,N_a~hhut;,]:;, 9 i 2:~,P I Ji SA -.!d.A~, :Sg ,3 =,2:~lI" 1 M :KTB" 'U 3:4, :BA,=,)4A~.R}d '91'7"" S 3" {0,]]10 ~6,.
l
ii
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Ibid, :foUo, 28,;, :16 Ibid,., :foliO' 2'9., :1. '1 'Und~ted m~:orm: of CO'il I:~ n Il-Beot-Flotnlle Mlttehn~eJ:~ Cln~~,-If.Z" :fQ]j() '15" 18 ,Lett,e~~ mmSi to bisi ,mother~C:attu,(}" 2.0 Febru'irY 191 8, BA-'~, C N S;:r,z/4f,:I:" ,]J.9 Ibid~
I:)
"";i';!;\Q!"a'iIl"Iil I\..!IG.~iO,';""II:.l!j'
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D.'-':'la'II!'" ,- ~~:~lIJ' E,:-'

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Letrer, Canaris to his mother, Ct.tmro~,2iO February 19 :18, BA, ,lY:IA" N 811.2/41,]:,. His, b.rome'[' C"M:~Wlotf' ,on ~2 'Jie'bruary' 19:1'8 :a worried mett,e'f' 0.( e;ll!q~, having ~eived, no :fUrth~"r nem :ruft.er ,Ca.uar.W;$ 8:alled, from, 'Ca;ttaro~BA ~moj' 'N 8;I,~J.1:" : 4 His mthle$js demands 'upon, hiJm;~e1f'~,nd the; danger of mental aad physlcal overex;ertwill are mftected ov,er the yeMS in. the: various assessment rep,Oi1iS10, his :pe~I"50na], file: see Ca'llu,is=IfZ"~ es,p-eciaBy' personru letter f(,oF.u 'C:O~ 'N:IYW, S:ht]o,n Bal.ti.c, Flieim,eft von G:~m to Canaris, 6 February I'9 2; 4, m;bid,~,folios ,1:'04=1., Deist, 'Wahelm~, '~Djie PoH,tik der S'e-eiui'l':is1,el,ruHg und die Re'bellioD, der Flone Ende O,km)b~'I 91' 8~; Yier:tt/j(Jh,":Sbe/fefiir ,Za~geJt/j;ichtr!,I: 4h :I 9'6 6:,,:r ,] 4t-3 ,. Fde note, U -boat AcceptM"We Conuuis'sio:n (UA__K)~ :lGarvettenIta,pitiin Schaper, I
1
,Aita;glJ;St :t9' li :8,~Call1:lris.'- IfZ} :£o:b'o '][,S;,.

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Caams", :handwr1tten. ,mem(i~lruldum:~, ,Au,gt1st: '19:1 :8, BA""l\tIA" 'N' 8 I 2l"..I: ,:P ,4 ~.JI ,~ -:-T-O' IUD ''0 A',,"," A 'D'li, Ai' ,C 'ni~ ILIUIJ:'Y'J' ,P .l., and ,': I if 'Tn I:::!,:!,')~,Dh'-'J:~iliJ1,Nli,,I '97104:d, :~obo Iv"
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File note, UAK~:Knrvre'tt'c:rib,pitin Schaper,

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note U'~-A-:"K-:- 'K",··~i"'!;,!'rni~~"F"lp'n'~.;;~IJn;;'r:;;;'n:'>"'"' to.'!llp:e-:r-- ,~", A"·:ijJ'~I.wu- st 'S,U:~""'"," '-J, '~"iI:,o
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Ibld~:p- 9~ 3 2 Ibid~~ .P':ro~ II :KTBlt l'B IE 2,S,~, BA.=,h(A, ,Dd 9'7l!,6~,8,~, fo,U.o, 19,., 34 CPJn~uis~ h!iUldwritt"~fl mem(r«rmdItm~~* ,Augu~t r '9 :1':8,:BA=,M.lt", N S ~ '7;,l4' I:~,:P-~ ]1" ,' .3, S lb:i,d".P' IS:£. ,3,6 Ib~,d'j< P ]I '9'. Here C,IIl3Jris,~s personal 1:1.0,t.~5i 01£, 'll.le events of the vUfa;ge ;~ftJ€rthisi ,t1i~, a!ie: 'to, be reeonsnucted oDlly:fr-o'm, the entries in, the 'waf' cU,ary~ 'KTB~JB i2J3;,., B,A=,h(A_~IUd, n,~,lJ;6),lg,,!,f;oUo, :2.~,", ~Il '7.{ ~ 3 :8 Ib;id,~ folio J. 2- ~ :ind opimnm,on @fl 'U-']JootflQ,ttill.~Mj t~~m,eer~ 2 September r 9'][S:,.i'lh-id~~ IE
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Copy Ietter te Cad Caaaris, 3, SepremJber I 91: '8 ~ BA... MA~ N :8 I zl4 I,., Nilenil,Ollt,fj :Mart-iD Vim ,U:""Boot ,Z~'T'Ko.n-ui, Berli'H 1E9:''}4h'~ ][.J .3;· '7 .:... ' Dejs:t,;,'Wrulr~lfn,'~Dw~ 'Unruh~n in d~r. Mub:~,e:19':~lW. 8~ ,Ma:iinet"'1tn.JJc/;fJ.'II ,68'j' i '9'7 F" 7 pp 3 z.5~.'4 3,; here fw'm, repdn.t In De:lIS~~j, WUhtduru", ,MUi'ti1'j ,Staat ,Nn.d' Gesellscbtft·
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11.J Loewerwteld, :re,PQtt: W~,e die j,~,lvlminebrigad,e 'Von, Loewemeld en;fand'~i,BA:-~ RlJ;I ]! ZZ.lE '1:6~, aUo, ![ 10,. E 16 For L-Qewem-e_ld~s coi:aihclrn:t(U]l; see ib,id", fo:lin '1::1::1:;, re~plltt,Adm;iral S-j~gfr:ied,:So(~, l'fZ, ZS 1:7:8 ,5"; Wette~N:aI,Re p 24r,'gf; :JSioo 'De GU1tJ'(J,'t1: NfJ:ilJtJ!/' q[lker fJorpJ''j' ,P 4,.6tJ, n
j, j,
decsc:dibed herein see princi:paUy IL-OClVenfeld.:'s: l'epoirt;s ifl, B,A ...·~, RJd 1:2),2,/:[:16, and RMslIO! 3,::M5'O'\¥etk;, Ndslu:', :P,P' ,14,]-'5 S'j " '. s: 1':Utl, -.Lrt8 n :1\.1 ~~a; D'.'~~,t«: ~-D--:" ,.' .',e;).'c'h~'s- um;d ~T~ '~ier, -':,le 'R" .. ,Mi'egsmlflDe.',.p lS ~JL; B"" _.J 'H. 1.;,_j:er'R,~Qtl jV,Q'VQ'iJ' O':y~fU' : :n - :P,P ,44:.....'; 'J::!i orstm!Cllem:,/Ul' RI 'lfrt, luef'l anne un ,[\._app"'I:~·utso,i, pp ,'·I ..... ·s .C ~ " ",zc p - _.'L.:i! 0 ~fIrj'J" : eoue ..Ji M"'" :oIO~
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21' For the "cm.~ris~tmtas, fij,lh.tin,g'~ 'see:the' :ICC:OUn-ts in Wlnkller :H,eJiur.ich Au~st~: W~m~r I,f)' I a~.1·9jJ. ie GGJc:hiwle; de,. ersie» deut$th-en' ,De"~:()jj'atitt~,M~[Ullc_b;!, I'9 9'8,;, P 5: .,fj, D 3 Momm;se~n. 'H"3Jns.Au;~;ti;;""" u:nJ ,UTJ.tm1lrl:n':~,tier ''',J.''" Rell.ubJil~ v'(),n mim'a:r'. Munich '1"- 2001, "I]P··I ~. ..,' 't!i" ,,'.1,;0. ~. ,... ,10:.... ._, ., S'l,!;, :Rakl!PiDS;" Wilhel"" Grt)-'en;e,r~P 1,49':[ 2'8 Pa,b;S!t':S'~porlt ,af 2·5: D(,~,e~mb-e.;r :1:918, 'BA=~, N 6:2r:il:'2., and Gretinger, ,Etin'c' ,Le,lfb'e~, pp EI9 and ]I IS) n. 3','" ,2,gl Die ~gim:tl"g tier :Vollabeapagt-m: 1'91:81£9':'1 D'ijadd.Q,ri;, 19,6'9 ~,2,'vUh, 9~() :pu'blmhed. ;u Q'lttlle1~ ,Z,~;r GesooichtE ,d~'S; ,P-ar{_ilm:e;ntQ~r;is,'m~~:U der JmJim~hiJ.~n ~~nd' ,Parltien'~editcedl by' We:mer Conse ~uld,Edell. Ma:ttb],as1' I st lew.non", vol '6,~ p'~m'I and II:, part II,~,p .1 :I:~, Documenr 10~ ]'0' 'Wlnlde~, Hfi'ff,j'o:r, p 54,:; even Noske, who W,D not present, deserlbes bow ,peat iti"!iill'i1iW- L -;~' ,nfr~'in""'""",11Iillii='< strea .i ..... """-it t'J'L· .~. ,(~I....-;Ii--nn-'·t!ie o:':ii'!RI'd'~I'II'... ;;"i!.1... ~ RO' ....i!"n.np--:::-·'~ 'o-n th l ,f"·~v.rl~ ._IW d;r velie ,of 'victory, ]aid dO"i~m their arms and jo~ned dle 'ttUJ. !of the: :p~$S~o~;:' NIOiSke E" ,;;fo'jo_.,,~'ri;'oj'U' ~'''r:;"1\,J~-lIjj,~ -;0 ,~it1.'u·D,em{iit.rtl'tiJff. ~ :O·.··.·f.feobac~ ~ I '9·.··· "~1,7~:,~ ' p .: G,apJ;,!I~i!''''o - - -~_.. - -- ~-~- ~~- ~- - --- ~-}J.l~ - "''''fr''
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i .341· 'N,()sb1,Erltfltes,.:p ~t~,Rud.oJfWlssel ,cnnfirm.ed. ].s·ter th,9J,t Noslre had ,acttll11y ~arndbe: .. was indispmsable at·:lGd, burt nobody 'WIS Ultefliing" see Wette~N(;1ie, p 2.:85:,n. ]I I3 '..
- 10' ,/Ii 'H'&IIL: ;11~ .• ' ili!i:ili
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GienDgecr, E'i'rte Left/Jet;. sta'rewe:nlt ffo.m :me;mo.f<f:;)Annex'e-], Docum,e;nt 1I,.p I: ],9" Se¢ alsc 'Icb.. 'ileARosa Luxembll~' '[lc'bte~]tSiJ~trl·inte:H'i·ew 'mth Wdd~mH':Pab,t-.~ DeT' ,so . c , .. .s .. , ..-"'.i!;ji T' -,6-e_ ~ ~ - - - -, ,- ~.~ - -- - - -- - - - - ..
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t~l~ KP.DI Ieaders :had. neither pmnn,ed, :mr ner ,dem,md,ed, the
11
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overd~liDW of the g()rW!~l:nment.Liebkneeht (S'Ni£t1b') and L'1D:em'b~lg'(later) bowed. to. the preSSUIC ,of the masses, S-i:mUuly' 'Wette, Noslee: P ~'9'9:~ ·wbo· sees the fot'ull-illng of a revoh i'i,iiol""iifi':J'fnI eom 'm'1~'iH;ii!!!\;;!!"", .....~ u:~, everu :"In-g'" 1n;·f··~.5:J- ·~'!IfIi·!ll ~'I'"ir ,a.-.:l! 'ifoIIU- ~.r-j;r,t· of retrospective ,i.,·LI;i!'!o ~.!l ,; ........ ... , ~U"'!U.--'l u. c;n,U' ",Q'c ;!!i1'[--~;I'tV ·-w·':-~'.'*h:- t:'~,e·..·~'i""i~o~~r~, rhe -J:iii;ijl!."II~f~~p·f"r d,·~!Stt.~'f:f.:!l., ~ of Ol~.l . ._0 _ O v~ !!!!l~~'.:"~F' ..
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and e D1 1., _.J' d iur tl '~-n .!J'poo, .d",rfttl,un~!,anc C me se I£: ~II~' e 'N'. 'm_, I~~,~c~auy~B ._.·II_~ • 1'1~, ..M' ,'._'IL 1 ·t=,~ty!iirng()':~'······.IQ~~~ . ~:;U·~l'UUCf:j _.~I :~,~ae_; ~N··3lC~.defike~n Funktion und RollefiJiV1e,t:8tind-ois emes '"H,luthundes·~~in ibid~ :pp ibe~'
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S:flie~tl :1: !~I ,'7:'16 Z~'rr ,~_, 6 - ~ ~ '9-:·.· T rOJ -49 Wett;e;N~Jke,:p ,l·4]! .For this de~,criptij('Ul'Wette refers to the ofticiiLbistory of the .Dec'k OffilOersl Federstion, D,te,ck~JIi{z,ie:r:e a~f'"deu/JeDf!tJ .Mari'n.e" .llJre,' Ge$u,i'cotl' .r.84·,'8i- 1:.93.1',1 publilshod, by Bun.d der De clm,ffi'zmere,1 Berlin, I 9'3,3.·.· :R·~rherdt"ecrent i.e:the 'V1eBwcn in :H()hne~,C~n(Jri$,JP 6,], ~in. 'vh~cb,he first :~Iead,er ofrhe N 3V,ail Br:~gade", Ka:phin, Ziur See t Bruno von. .Roehr, who :led it ·~O' Berlin on, '9 J:9JI1U~I'Y- I '9 I' '9 and was obliged to hand ov'er. command t.o An:ny ofJi<:lex'Hans von, R\od.e~n next day;., had persoDaD:~r' o(~Ierr-ed. N'o$lt~ the .hei~p the ~Iron:Bdgad~ ·cU'OJ.3, January., :H:o:h:rle :foU.o1n; the aC;Gou,mr1: in D,ifZ' of 1fn~~m i't. Mr·ReiclJrJj'(J'Ztp,tSilJ,dt uful' in~t~dy:dli,ht.n.D,~uit~,lJ,Ja't1J ;r91'B~ I9';2,O}, B~[.H:n 940 ~ ,~~jlJF Tf':j,~jj'~(!n -- - ~:-- '--' - _'_' _-_'-'J;<!"~'~ ._ - ~ F_ ('~ D··'~~~"'~Jl!,,~J~'j-·fll'·<.i""A~~·"(l~_.p l./l'r£e-nM:i:N\!jj{gn iIi1iits:~'~e~r ~.f':t'-!'- ,',' ul~il retktd4Ftt:. Vol 6,J;Y~'l;.r.H( - -Q------ -"-'-r:I'~ -- -- - --c!l
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Evren :K.1~us'Gi,etinget' has found. no ev.idellce as to 'C:a.narisls: 'whereabouts; at 'the 'time:

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cl'uting :Fe'b:ru-3rY; whj,ch, 'alMar: he correct fnr on ;seeing 'N'I05kei on J Fe'bruary':be
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32
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G;~etingel~ Ein;e ,Le,itlJe" Annt'JCe, Document ~~, letter fmm Otto KrnjllZb~r
il-i:""L"'II"lC, ,.G=':l":'~~~"'i"!~~r· '1-' "!j'. ''''''liI'lI'IU'' !D._" "lin!'" i\.Jll11Ui0J , . ~'U:l·!IIe,-\II,,,, .. ",,., _.u,
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G1etinger' considers :Nosl\tcl3: pemo(O'I.t. respolDsibUity {'O,r'the murders ()if Lie'b:knech't an,d ,Luxemlbuzg as prorven., N"Mkle~s bio,grapher, Wett~,~ 'p~~fen~o' p,btc.e re~,po-[I}~ibnilY t on. the shoulders 0'(' Ieilding Mehrheit Sooilll Democrat pnlhici.iU1S;; cf Wettct NOjlt.e~1
e=
3 3~ ,B:erJi11/er Ya.Jbz~~imtJg~, ,Apru. 192,9" ,repc,~'Dred .in,'::HanD,(.n',er Driiek and H:mnov;e.f1, :1S Der ,M&rd'l P I6'2.£. Also quoted .in,'WeOOe;, Nosie; P .3 I:;} ~ -,,£:, ·'n',~.ec~·"t-,_~j':.f,~":",,"·:i~ m' and 1It~'~m,A'n··t:·r:o 'I'J."o'~'-b-'tJ!:.-y,".--.• ~ .. '~ I~S", J 'U .D[R41I:"~~',", nU,~f- ,~' S-~".·: ... ,n,i.'i .diif;_' ~'Ii'~111il11Iges~"" 4<,~~t+ ''!ItF!l:''C·'I,:o~,iI'-~~' ~,. ~_lI~ .. ,_:._' ...1:I~L 'V J '," ' '~l"'" Wi
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P 3:1:3£. 3,4 'N'Oltke" :K1n' Kie1 bi;~'KlIPP) P' 1'6",
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B,u11.Z:ahuo·ff~ whem Canaris. knew' from, 1'9:161:11 in, S:p~bl and 'who WQrud :f{)(£. B,:ri:dsll jj;n;t1emgetllre~, mer, C:aDlU'is ill, Berlin, .in _}:anuMY 1:9:1:~8~Ihe ,p'Ilqlose of the: ' alleged talks: 'was; to discuss how' flO silen,(f Lie'bknecht and L'mle:mbtu'g~'who, were agjt3,ting' :a,gainst the in,tct'natiGmlal. arms trade, Bassett thea JUlfrey~,Amil:nonr, TlJe' Lifo' , ,ana L,gmd' of Btuil' 2dar!lfi' London, :191:89~ wh.i,ch in, tum, relles ,an M,c,CormJ,c~ Donald, ,Pedla,r ofD'ey:t/;'"! Lo,ndon, :w: '916,) The Q,rig1nltar' ()ftbls st,ory 'rh,eref~reappeaoi
,0
to be M,c.C-O(f_mick~ ~,Ol ,provi.de-Si no ~()rU[ce~.,.A :m'e~tjng 'betw~~n, 'Canar,i;s and, Zal1.aroff'i£; not p[{1fve:n~and, 'tilt! N'adonad ,AnibJVies, In, London have yielded, oolthim,; ..
In,'te_~,pret the m1iUider~ of ,L:i.e'lb:blec'h1!~ d, L'~embu:rg U a con:sp.iJ;9lCY·involv:ing m the international mr,mslobby' ,slumunmng IC~mar.m'St Pa)hstJ, Zanih,of£ and their baclcetSi belongs, in the, realm of secret service leg,end. :rlthe,r than sedous: .histori,cru. research, l L;' G:itetiJnge[~Ei'~,eLeiclJ.fJ~, 160'" p 38 1ha'lt l't wa's C~muws who SP,fl:lilg Vogel :fro,m ,prison was oorWnn,oed. i.. by' 'P-abst~ er 'C:f G·~,etin_ger,,Ei:H'C LeWJ'e;,: ,An.ila,.e~!, Document II~:p :1' 40~Cf' H,o~b;n'e:~, ,Catlo:ris', ,PC 'vllh 76 n I ~1,3,.,~Iohne~ ,refers to the :petSoDal, oommumca,tiO!fi of Helrn~,tKra!!lJ!Slllt!JCk"o 'w:ho,m t VO,gel r-eJa't~d, the events in the 1[ 9,] os, In. th,e I 9,6os~ Rltge~:'DJ :~d:fllltt'e.d. £Orrgjng, 'me si,gna'mre~Cf 'Gi,eting,cr, E:t'nl' LeiciJe', p 60 'with D, l: 51'"
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I,
,soft: 44 FIle, note, Gunter' 'N,oll~au'i:1' December :19'5'9,,·regudl~g'a 'OOOftFsation, 'wI,rtt 'W~dlema;[' Pabst all '9 'NIOVemb~['.1: 9 3;9~ lelttnlictS, reproduced ~11 SpicgeJ' .'J :1'97'0:1 :P' ,4.'9'" :See Der ~ Gicdm,gcr; Ei'nc .uimcj, An_;tlexe.,. Docu'm,ent ]1, p .1:41.0" 4.5 Cf Glennge!;1 EiP'J:e LelJie:, :pp 9 5.;~'I 05., Alt,er ,ttu~:pain'St.tkin,8;' :reoo.ll!$,tnlctlo.n, of
22j[:mnd
Gi,~,tin,ge-t.l~l1Jnd :P~bSt'5stat~mle[l!,ts~, l C'(Jnn:rm,ed, by several
people, whom, Ptibst ta&ed
'to,t.there em, no l.o~'

Souehon,
be
(I
serious doubt as Tto the :immediate~ .iwowtmecut of
"1 'ON Tll:l, SlDi!

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0" THE PUTSClnSTS
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Here et 3~q,Wette, ,Noslut~.p 46,6,j([,Also see 'Winkler~, ,HiinMr~,p '9 2,f~, 3, W;t,1!te, N'IJ/te,,:p 4"8,~ ·4 Ibid~ 4l.'7I. P
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9 W~~l 'W:ollfpJl,G' (ed ..),.,Aw den' ,Gi/;urtss\tul1:ilm ,de" m,tm'aper ,&publiA Dm Thge/J,f,l(6 ,it$' ObmJen' Brnf:t 'f}'(1,ll dm' ,Bugi" QpellieD, ~ur ,Mm,tUgescbjcl~,re'l s.eries ,A~ vol " D6s,sek:ta,r.£,1991, PlIO'll: '.Emst vm1 den Berg_b mt'~:head ofttl'l~:,Mimst-erial, DiqJaItme11ilt at 'the ,PN8sian, War ,~mstty:. ,11:'e was :madeO'bem~:in E9 2!O~]b~, P I 1£
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Heinz, Fried-deb 'WUhc1m:" !i'Vilo,W:iDlelm Caaaris possesslcn ,tr£MI,auuij :Helnoz, P s, N'oste) Erki),t,t;s:, ,P'Ii 8:(; Wette~,NosRe'" p j: I 7~
WIn. NKVro~ [;, 'typesitdpt, priv3!,te
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6,2:$:
QUOted:ill Wette, NfJ:sh, p
(quOIt:e I) 'M.th n 5 (.qj.u,ote 2),.
]hid.~ ,P' 3,2'9., ,~6 N'05ke; ,~n Kitl' hi's',K.a,p,~p 20'4;, 'We.ute, ,nfi 'Tdfnf},llclJ ,des 'Dhu;!/e,n: Ern'sf van ,d~n
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Wette, NO!l:kl'~ P' 6'3, r. Ibid", P 6 J:2.; 'No,s,b:;, :~n ,Kitl oi$; Kapp" p ,2;'07'., For' the text of the: C(J!nvemJJtion. see also foe state~n'ents of Noske, Oven WildIOldlershmu~en. to the Reiib,sger,k'ht'~ Extra~re reprinted in. ,EJlger~Kapp~ Liittwitz'~PutJch,~ Document ~'O~Pi3:1r£ C:~u.taiis~8s:ta't~meWl.t of i MUiCh I 9'2.3 '!' Walter Lllletge~bruDe~ U.tie.nl-rybeq,u'est'~BA'~, ·N rr 5'0., Ibid" Trotha, ,Adolf von, Perso:7I!'}ic'he'j~ Briefl~ ,RtJe,-H' U/f;Ui' Auft;ei,J;'1n':'t!gt,~:t selected and 1n..-- s, d d"-B 11: .pu)ulisue~,- y'B endix von ,'arge.n'j' '-B-'"Ieruu 19'3, 8,~,P ]>9'f-' b I., Ibid, 'f,) 2,0'" CfNoske~j' ~,n' Kt~lkis K~PI'"P l,o,8~ Erget~ 1CtJpp~LUftrwftz-:Put!cb~,P' '1:]6,:£Cf the differing' stateme 11t!3, Qf'Troth;a, 'iUld Canub dud;n,g' the investiJ,gwtlc(n; Luetg;e;brl;ule liter,a!)!" bequest, E.r-ge-:r~K.p~Li;'tl"witz,~ Putstbt p :1;315'£ Ibid, P 1,3 7; Noske, ~,n Kifl 6}$'Kapp:; ,P 20 8.,
j,
1
Wett'e:~ Nos/;t:;,:p ,6.35:f: Ernst, F1itt·:J AU$ oem: Nilchl:afl' des: Gen:era'~~' alther &inbardt" Stut~Mt:;< W
,I9,5:'8;
:p 6:3.
.3 8
Qpored. from ibid, Somewhat dHIefent is, 'NoiSike~ ~ri Ki,'eJ' tJJ£ ,Kaf"t ,P 2.09:~,j1he N"arvy'w.ruU perhaps le-t the Reich ha:r-te the remnants, but t'h~ offi,ce,r corps 'wUl not 'be
MllOrOgst
See also We[t,e-},No'ske~,:p ;6,] 8"
,Ernst" Naoolaj1 Rei:n;/Jllr'lit, :p 63" NOlte, ~n Kie!"i~' K:app,~,:p Z I I;' Wett~j, (J:sIl'f!; p 6'.042:; H,o:hne, ,Canari'S~,P'8,.3;, ,Absh;agen~ N Canaris', P '74" -4 3, 'Can~ris) s tateme nt, l' ,M:arch I 92 3, ~ Lu,etgebrune llrer-my bequest, BAK.~ N I J;; 01" 44 Abshagen, Ca;tUl:r.iJ~!,P i41,
,4Ii 4,2
39' 'Nos,ke~ J&'fl! ,f{i~lbis ,KapI', p 4'0 WetteJ N{);$/te,:p 64'O~
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Ouoted.. ·. · ~- _ei -- from :"~'!'.d. ,~, 6i· 0(:' ~ .tili.n., p ·4.J Fo,tstm,eie~J' "Zur Rolille der ]v]~Jine:im Ka:p,p=P-utsch' ~P :J 6,~ ]b~.d~PI' {j,II and, 6'5·, 'C&.otoo in. Ibid, P' 5' 9., Ab~~:Ul,g~n.~ l111¥t-riJ,,:p i4·. C F orstmeier, ~Zur RnU,e der Mar.in,e: .im ,~·lp'P-Putsch', P 7',.f, C~naris:=·lfZJ folio, 92"
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Ibid:" £01105' S::I and, S 5 .' 2.5 Herzog is of tbe same o,pim,cm: Herzog}, ~o.[dkommando',!':~,,P 1:0'" 2,6 'Benrt,ei1u:ng;~heiichlt rum r, N'o¥emlbet, i'9 3-4~"j, Ca;nnis :PSR, :faiios, j~ 4-,57 tUFui personal service re~()Ird" ib,id, {oUo !94~ 21 ,Absllagen" G:an~-n~'; 9·4, 1-; B"nssand; ,C-anaris.~ p 4Jofj, ,H,o:hoo;, Canm$'~p .I: 31'; alsO' PP Hohne~"~dm~rnl,Wilhelm IC'a:rllris;', in U:eJbenchb~, Geni R. (ed.~),,,Hitters ,;;J:ilitiirisrje' ,
24 28
29
,Eli'te", 'Vol t, ,~n' tift/, AnJ~'gen' ths ,Rc:gimes j,is' Kr1~gl/J,(fgi"1.11, Darm'stad.t:; I '9'9'8,;,:p ,$ 5 '. CO'Jl'!",aJd. Pati'Zig"lett:e~ to Walter' Baum, 10 Naw:m:ber 1t'9j: 3 ~ I£Z), ZS ,)4,0, fQUo 4.
Raed~;r.~etter to Canaris, I I. Oet.:o'iber I 9 ];,4, B.A-,MA~,N' 9, I 2lI'.; I 3,0; C~)J1f.-aJd, Parag, letter' to 'Walter' Batun" 10 :N'ovrember J! '9,~ HZ:~,ZS ,,4,0, 3:, 4,. 3, I Buchhea, Der ~tJ,t"$tJj'f1 G:em,im:JJsnsi Pi .3 S:if;, Hehne, ,CQ;n'ltru, p 'I j: 5::( 3,~i Co,:r:utld. 'Paaig;" ,~tt'e-:r' 00' 'Ww;rer Baum, i 0- N"[)rv,e~m.bet ]I '9.5l, ]~, ZS ,54;·0, folio 2,.
r'Ouo
rl
13, Buchb,eitj, De« De-,u,Is,,,r€; Gel!e.i,mdi#J1lJt, P 46; f.lohrl,e~, Co.nllri/s, P' l[ S 7., J4 B'uchh.ei't Der ,De,tJ,tfit/J,'t G~be,i,m'{JietiSt1-P ,4IE ., J,S See: Mltcham, S:lmJiIll'el, W:'j ~Gen:l~[:~ld-nlalrBchall 'Wenl!t~r von Blomherg~, In
j,
U,eJbersch'M; ,Hitlen milithische Elite', voJ! I ~ 3;O[ P 36 Bail, Bernd, 'iIGe~lle~ldanincb_am 'W~ltbe,[voo, Reicheaau', in Ueberschae Hitl'ers
.ii!'U-J;;i!;iI'R'
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111" .IIi, ~
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38 Conrad Parzig, letter to Wiite:r' Baum, :10 N'o,vember 1'95.3, I£Z) ZS 5:40~ folio, 2,.. 'C.:f also M,ijD~r~ Klaus JUrge:n; Dw' Heef' uruJ Hut"" A1'-ma U1f"d,' ,rzat;io,fi'ais(jxiiJltst;isu;·ts RCbwime 1'_93J'~;1,9'40'; S,clu,ift,enr,eibe des Mrutu,geschic~.'t1i,clu:n, ~ofn;cJh.u:ngswmtes; Beittage zur MjUw'~ und Kri,e~IgeSlcmcbte1' 10, StU'f.~Mt~, :19,6'9:,,:P ,68£, 3,9 H:er!be,rtr- ,/JIiJ;r:t:',:p ]I ,39;, c:f also :K"euhaw1 Hitler /£.8.89 .....193 6~.P' 6'3-~" . 40 Herbert, Be~"t~ ]I ,39 .. p 4] I{e;n~baw~, Huler' ,1' 8,89~'J!9J6, P' 6,].6,. 4'z 'Ihilo Vo,gelsang" file note on convusation,'w.~'~hCom:~ui,'Pat,rjd;g"r 6 J\lu!},e JI'9.5~.h liZ, ZS S ,40'"folio Sh
41
44 45 4'1
A:.'"f_-. "t' '
Ibid,
MI'''li'III''~'h', :lIl>if,J,j;jl:1 'l'b:i~d (t..li~'iI"iI ,Iii:.IV.1 ,i:' ,i:' .r._':.. ~~~ : ... I1JU. U ",..;, 4,~1 Letter; Conmd. Pa .'to Walb~r Ba:mm 10 Novem'j[ler 19'53,I' ibid, foJl1o 4~ 5;'0 :Bu~'hbcl.t; ,Die ,D'ttl/scc#: GelJeimdie~'$t~p SIP~,~fer:r,mg 'm a, p~~;~U[bj~ oolrn'm'Ufitcat~.on
A_" ~o ' ' .-. ,r.\L~~·l.~:Il~,:il!
Kenhal"~w:" Hider .l'B,89-'IJ):J 6-~P 6 ,44., Qyoted, in ibid.~P 6',4.5,. ]-Io:hn.e~ IClirlB~4s.~ ]!,6 ~,. p Letter Helmut Krausnick to 'CQ(Mad P3.t-Z~~' ':'March"-. ']I'O'~ C'. lIZ J" ZS.. """ -'0· foliO' \ ' , -,I.:' -- ~ '0.' ,J'7 I sf: Krausnlck asked :Pa.t.,.j,g' for aD opinlon on, tills: aJl~,g'ed m~,cti'an 'of Raeder a[DJd ]}lu,rnlbc:rg" whlch had been eOMlt;;?ed to bim by Admlrnl 'von, Schubert.,
1
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of :w.~,:,'.' .j:' t- JO iI!";Qplv'
\i"!<,
'i""--'''I'iII'!I~ 1l'Ii,~.""ffi,. ~", I "!Io ftj[.clJUti3lml.lll.LJ.,
'II'
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,S 1 S,] Ibid, l~tt~r from chief of N':ar:vw,Station BaJJ.tic, 22, N'O'Velm'ber I 9,3'4~ ,S 4r Conrad. :Pilltz~g'~ letter to 'Walrer' Benm ~,I:0 N'OVitlnbel" !'953; ]fZ" ZS ;5 4'o~fo:mlo .$.
Conrad P~tZ~',letter to '\Yid.ter Beum, 1:'0 November ~'9 5' J) ]fZ" ZS ,S4'0, -rolio ,5'. '-~'L·' C ~:, dC' Ibid, ,1[0,u'o 5Jl.;
fFonl 'Pa~]g·' _";~:,~

_' _'
.-
- _'
_'
- _. - - -
general lUltbo,rlty document which a bureau bad ~ver been, giv~n in. the Ihlrd Rcicb~'~ ZS 2,4'91, MillO'l6,~ la, :1'1 :Hi:i,bne~,Ca'nl1ns, P I 'Pl7; ;fjlmHuly Muhleise~,~,Duen:~'~,:p 19'9'. H,e,r'beFit:" Bt$t" ,P' 1:8 ~ f descnbes the :a,g,ree"RH!:nt in his own. 'Nords, 'bot gives; a. ,SOUKe: fBes,p'wcliur:t,g iib~I Ab\Yie1:uf[~ge~n im Re:~,c:hsw~m,Wllb:dster,i.tt_m, :1'7 JmultJf I 9,J ,S~,GstA.B':I':R'f,P, ',0 P 1:1: ~,:1 :folio ,20 J,f[ (Gebeim.es Staa'tsl:rehiv,dlet' Sttiftuog' :PreuSJJs~ber Kulrurbesirz, Ge;,~fapo~ Bestand.) m: ,4 'Thus 1:0 ,MiihleiS~Il~ IDu~:U',p 4oo~ Ac,cording 'to an anecdote from the ,pt'u3:nv;;ar account of H,eydr..ich:,~s: 'Wido,w Lina, Heydrich did 'Dot know o:f CanMis~'S :~p,'polntment as Abw1ebr c'hle;~and 'tihey bum,ped into each other by cbance while out walking' in ,early 1: 9'.3, 5 ~~ In. view of d:~esi,gnificance of the change in. A'bwe.hr le:ad.enhip,- 'this would appear to be stuH of ~e"gen,d.:H,o:hne~Ca:'n(Jf:is:,. p ~1"41.•, Deschner also relies
'0
J'
me '!:m'Q\stcomprehensive
on Lina H,eydticb~ but here the ,fur:stc;unvetS:adon 0':0 dle~ subjie-ct took place in :a B,er:~n. ltIXUJY,f,e~tauran'tat the: end of] anu:ary~ This; :mlere~.yserves to, undedine the,
dubious nature of the :m,'I.te~rn;atDeschner, 'iH:eydd,cht,~P' I,42.,
me
,Muh1ebe~, (D'u,elrj,:p 4,00,. 16 CO,Prj's:bJ;ement by 'Walter Happenkorhen, Canaris and .AJbweW:i' rtZ; ZS :l,4'9, folro,
I:,;
J, I.,
,1'7
Ibid ..It is doubdfutl that these stsremenrs were made by 'Huppe;nko.then aLter th~
Canar,ws was in .AllgMS't ]I94,I~,A8 itt, source rO,f the C:marisFH:~ydtdch relad,ondup' th,ey must be ·treat,cd ,,~.th ~i;luti,o'"jas mlust the diary ,e;rU:ty ~uded, to. "Ihe mutual sentiments of en~ are also to be found, almost vet'~alim"in ,Albsh agen;, CQ'n(lr.u", P I 4 i:[ H6h'fU!~" C'a-n'arij~, ,P' r 1'.4'1; reports claims: bY' Lina Heydrich respecting '~'H,eyd.rich~su,:pen:tit;,ous ,rear of 'the: 'mppare:nd~y ubtquioous s 'Cana_l"~l',yruch 'were the basis, ,olf :h~f' husbran.d's deep di5trusm:,af C~UllU!;S£
'''.;yJ,th,
I :8
m: 9
wart and that his rust mee:ring
:Best, Herl;t'fIrt~ P I 8,:r"

Ibid, P
,7[:85 and, p .,; 8, 'f ;tC" iU13I1S ~. ,PP' J 7,),=0,. .' :~ e ...
lID, I 4,6
with
mentlon
of
:B~s:es calendar nores, See also B'est,.
'2.0
Be';'i)t'~'~C:a-n~u'i8" p I ":2;" j;
2I
which came to dle attention of the first [0'--- 'w:ho SUbSl~a:U~~d,vJ sufIe:red, a nervous ~iT"l, breakdown, On CO mpl ailning, the :matter was referred to a natval, :bOn,OUlf court 'whe-t,e: it would have blown. over :had Heyddch nor attempted flO' impugn t:h,e ,g;irrs: wtue'~
e"'"].
In, Kid, :H'e:ydrich became ~~B:quarun'[ed, 'm;rh the daughter' of a llav,al officiiU, the father' ~lh~;g~dl:y 'being ~ senior architect;; 1he: gilrm,~sdentity' has never been. disclosed, 'but i Si~l~ considered herself en,g~e_(l to ,H,eydiiclL Meanwhile Heydrich became engaged to Llna von Osten, his future 'vriJ::e~~nd announced the en,g;~emen'ir: in a new'S:pmper~, a
2 2;
Hie showed no readiness to,accept res,pon~~biUtynd ~s. thus ,dlischaF~d the service a as an, unfit ,olfli,cer, Sbortly ~ft'e:rwRn:ls,he joined 'the: SS;,Himmler 'was;:9Jdve~dsing fQ,r a '~':~lchfichrenoflirier".,111e word ~Nacmic'hten" means ":8igtl'aJs~ well as '!'~nltclligenO!t" as ' .' .t, '. ....'~b 'b '!IL.. 'n~.l ann.]1 as ,iH"'.I~~, drincn ~l~g,.:I L ~ lF1 '~'hte :stgnws 1c,ranIC~.w, Oif·c- tne -N";-:a:vy'.re app.· 'eu uncdler :91 eeen .' r..... '1'",JI . di .. f' ;'-,e, '"d'jjll ", hi ~1 ~ mlSUfirOe.rstm~log as to' the na;W:re 0'," th ,pos.t~-H-'· ummier UcCJJ,tu tv ,g~.ve.'im '3; tnal, mud.asked hhn to, set up IJ), ,~n't;eUligenc,e: section :far' the SS ..,Ar.on~ont- FrUJjgc'Sch.Ji'htt" ,P 3,,4iG, Deschn,ef; j:H'efdrich~ ~:P :3 6,ff; Dederichs, HtyiJ~iclJ:~ ,4'9#[ .P' '~:R,ej~t:'be,[icht ib~r'die Reise' Chef A..bw :mi:t Leiter nI:~ u :K.a:p~n~art-enhach und SSB Gruppe;nru1ilfe'f.' ,H'cyddch zur ,Ast KieJ, am 1'~2·,. ']r 93 ,S: ', B,A'-1v1A~, ,RW' Siv:, I 9'7'~folio 3,o8fand 'fR,~i~;ib~.dcht u.ber d~,eReise nach Bremen und Wilhe~ms1la~en.~i. s: ,.3~ 915' ~ ~,bid,~ {oUo ]'0j£
1] m I .: '!',,,J_ JT.
NOTE,S T'O :PA,a:E:S 9 '7'....... ,10,0

1
I],
StuJtt:gan" 119'79 :fl;, bere JliJI s, Unl1dJ'e"n' una'Vomus.s:etztmge,n de,. ,ae,ut-sml!ti Kri~gspolitiR~, ,PI 4- is e; :Ker(shaw; Hitler' /,8,89-'1'936, pp 618 6~.,
i4,
d 'iIl..~" h'" D' .' D'_ :_,l. ,e-J"st"',,u 'm,,0I:1e A- :,riis,tuD;g~lefli"ve.w,wilj;l;a;c:t , ,m"-:,:a:s:, D'"'l'tUiScrj't,' Niw un«d'J mer D'· W' ~'jllhe-~,-:1" (D'" ,:~ur"' ,Zwcite WeJimeg (.he"rea£ter DRZH?, 9 'va~s,~ Mui:tirg~iCbichtlkheD 'Fonm .. ,'tngsam,t,
1,11:'1' ,1.
MiUleT, Klaus Jurg'Cn,~Gmerol,Ludwig' ,BecR Srudilen, und Dokumente zur polmsch ... mm,tiriscben 'Vors.t!ellungJ1j¥el,t und Tiitig;keit des. Genefalstabsdu::f~i des deu,tscllen Heerea 'li 193 31-'][ '9.3 '8'J' Scbdftcn des Bundesarchivs, vom ,3a ,Bo,p:prud;, I '9 8;0'" dO,Clument " :2;,4, pp 4:1j ~2-,4,·,
2,5
27
rbid,,:p
4,'1 8,~
16 Ibid, P 4,19,·
Z 8,
Deist,~~Au£ru~tunr, 41: 6,~ p
K~mha:w~Hitler
Kershaw; Hitler
18 a9~,r,9J ,P 68:9;, ,6~1
r!,g
~,...
~'O'
1I
,3 ,2
I,~3'6",P ,6 90.£, Hossbach. Zw;sm't"1J Wehrm'atj,t und HUl.tr:., p-'" 9'::4'--l. Ibid, P 96; ,!\.fUllef;, Beer ,unti Hitle:r~; 20,8,£; K:er~baw~ p ,Hitle'l" l' B89~ 1'930, P 6:92.,
:r g~
1
'" ['!
M'ulletj. B(lrc.i, d~,"];melllt

II
,lS'~pp 4.2,4 ~.,
Ibid, P 6'12~ 33 ]b~,J P93," ~,w, 6'

,J 4 Js:
36
J.bid~p 697'" 'Ca~narjs~letter

,],olf.
to
all ,Abwe,lu;srene~i l\'9 M,atc-h, r 913,';~ SA =,MA) ,R'!\! slv.~:1: 917'~ (eli/o ] L to B;'luiapestf. (4,:7 April
m:
3;:8 N'o,t:e',jo!!1mey ,o:f.A~br ,chief to ,Abweb:rsreUe ~liin5tJet I ,S/1 6 ,M'a:; I935, BA'-,~ :RW' 5/v~:1:91~'l~oUo ~193:ff. f ],9 Letter, C,:maris, to an Abwehntelle~n, 2,9 ,M:91'fch :I: 9'15 t :BA,-,MA, RM 5/v~, 9'5 ~quoted, [
1
-31' Hohne, Canaris:t" P m: 8; 2", _
N'olte:,doum,ey' "ofAb1ilehr- Icru,ef and, ,;lv~E '9 7 Eo,liol :29'9£

jl
'9,3S), BA
)1A).,
:RW
Not,e1.jomncy' olf AJ.bwehr chi,efta Abwehrrstdle: Minster I ,ill 6 M"3!Y1:9 ,3.,S,t'BA-,~ RW' Slv., I97'; toUG. 2'961~ ,4! Con:f.ereooe' note, :Baml,er 10 AprU 'I9.1S , BA -:PdA,; :RldI ,Slv;o 1[ '9,) J' ,quoted, from, HOMe,. Can'anl,,'p 18'4.. 42, Best, Canaris,'l P I '7,4~ 4,3 Sthafer~ :Kul, repott on the: Abwellrpolizei; p ,S~j,:lfZ~ 3,71. ZS ,AL;jl W':~'~d',: M: ]mael I(ed\ Nac,:Lrci#~te4'ii'die-~~t~'rl~J:~f.f~}~.'J~ E'~,);":~:D :~kl,;i ~'R""~~' ""/."j~~~~~~z.~';'i!I' u . ,'" .1, .__ fJ.. ~TJ,__ ~.~ "_ ,1'VJrv-,-ll~:f'UI"~i"~'l!l D. .:_.,~" 8.i(;h,"'e'i't'Stli~"lfJt,de's Re,fc/;!fiJ!;re,Yf: as; Hamburg 2000; WiMt~,~Einlej,mD,{"p:I:,4,:n, 23, W' . J U" ,Eo _.J" 6 1:1 il t i;Ow\VS h 4,) lr'iIL~ Jl,~i.gJ,p I, I; see wsu,,',jjj ".:'!IId' r, F' Vieni!.rat'f)11 ,,~e$'~,nilttdn.;,gten, P :2.'9';¥~r' '~':!l'~d s: 'n~, t:.e
40
1
~l _'.
in ,Habn' '.~" ,CanRtris~p :1':8 ]1"
tU~'J
"
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1_
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,,l'~'~
esle uJ_atiODS: of Browder~,'George C'[t"Ihe 'N'umedad Strength ofrh,e Sieherheitsdlenst' report!d,gned,by Rudolf8:amlet'~tOrpnlsa;tio'nder AbwemaJhteii1un,g'~, Augmst m: '9:3 7~,BA,~ :RW' S/v., 210j'~folios 6-5'-'7~ fd}\~ 4:7' 'B:Im1f.tr~eport ,O~, the Abwe'br conference 10'" :2 1 and ,~,Z June J 9,15;,~e also Hohne~~ r ,Canari;$~P S,ti., 4'8 Madcl1, Julius" Hitl,r.s ~pifJn't1;gel;;me.rQle J'agen aus, Berlin (East)., :1: 9'7G},P 2 :1: :1:,£. 1h,e 'G,n:R :a;utilo,r Julius Mader, roundly abused. in the West, refers 'to statemente and documents made by ,ra'El!Z:=Eccu.d 'Yon, BeIllD,vegoi, (head -of ,Abwehr ITI 1'9,3"'-"44) in Soviet 'captM,tJr~Even if'Mad,e.;ls, books were aim,e.d,ldeo.loglcally at West' Germ:in intemgenoc, and must 'be treated 'with great C'au.tion~in. n~any respects t'lley'do. have a
AD:sta,dstiafrrom
,I
4.'
des RFSS
i ~
His.trmcal Social Rese.arch
2,8", 1'98 J:, :P,P'.3,~4.I ..
,~oo
,~'Olo.
;T-l-: C E _' - ". _"' _1iiJ!
NO-
TO ~A""";'ES, '1 (H)_,ijil '_' "_" ¥.,_,_U~· '_ "_""_" J
:solid, founda'lion, in, :blf~)rrnIlJtion.,'lhe ~,tatenu~(nrts:altdbu,ted to senior A])webr ,aftlciAls and (dlicem _, ,p'rincipall:y 'Ple'kenhl()~ lB-cnt1vle,gni :Stoke ~ 'are ccmprehenslve u_d r;e_g.~d~ng'the human and, strucwrru, ~ansij)n of the Ab~-hr :in the early' yeat5 u'i1l;d,e~
'C:aID1!w;s~See also, ~&h_ne, C(lnllr,i$:~,P,PJ! 8,) --,2,iO~.,
49' 'W,ildt~Na:chrichtouli'trnst" P' 1[ 4., 3:'0 :Sest, ~Can'aris?" p 1'7'6;, cf also :Le:V'elbe:hn, PIlW; De» ge:brimt Naid;rimte,n,tiitl1,st dcr' ,Jet/J't!Jw.e,~' ~-Arm'aJJ't i~m: ri.tg,e, F:rankitn' am MMnJ~ I 9'57'~1P I mff;, Bartz~" Karl~,,Die K T:r_~giJJe,aer' deut~(htn, 'welJr~,P:~;euBi~ch 'Otdend.()'rf~ 1:9'1z".P 6:Sf:F;, Eli5b-Oie'~,Ca:nQ/fiJ', p A 20.3 f; nn,tl1l1y Mublejsen~ '~Ducl1-":~,:p 0r rand, Herbert, B:es/~P 1:84., 4
,5 I
'I'Besr.icUlt
) z,
uibel[, Stapos:tdlen -',Leitte,r.-'Be~,p~'h.ung :m], ]['9 ro, j6?" da;ted, 'I :1: N ovtmbeI 3 6, BA'-'IVIA~, W ,Slv~~'94\,;, '(l.R R ,iG,tUDdsi;i·tze :m,f die Zusammenailbeit Vllisc'hen,der Geh,emU!D Staatsptdizei uno den Abwe:hrdie,rlststielleo, der We-hrma,chr. 'VQ,ol, :2 !I ~ 1:2.~ r 9 j!6 ,copy,. 2'3 December I. '9,3,6:~,
i
t~
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MS,g' ,3~ 2,.2/1: ..

$41,
Henke, Gerhard, "Bedcllt' nnd Er,inn,e-rungen":; Die Nachhfd.' 2, :1: ,6'i'~P' '1[10, BA'-'J4A, 9 Scliifer~ fe,port on
tilt
,AJbwehtpoHui"
,S£~'liZ, ,ZS 3"7'2, {olio ,;f; see a1~n'Herbert,
,BeSlj,:p lr 8'4..
e: $'1)
S,S
Illict
B'- ~' ~ ", ,P - s: ~,es.t,~i C··anal~~L~,Jl7~'.

2;:03'"
S i Hehne, CR:n'lZ:rn~P
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i.JI'i.'1~:tr'
:r__:r" .1
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Stuttgart"
n~i"tJh.. 'jC> ' .... ..... JI.~, _
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of th ..~ m·_rto-t-T"i"iipr.'~'. rnd' ~11.H'_:00-· 1:;I~".m· pAntry·-.',' WO·· rks nte ~.Y _ "- '.._'.::.~-~ Vi~l!l.. ~' HJ,~ ;ru;~·~enligh tening . and is very :freq,u~n.tly nsed as a scarce in, ,histo,ri,cal wt.i,ting",
~::; I~~
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p r j 'This:aecount £QUOWS Kersihaw~who ftu" his ,pm relies primarUy 1 lliE:Fli; .,;\'t4ii!"<f1-~''''"1'Ji ! 'JI .1-ti, '7, A.ruu.v _ n J'" ourn ::,...,1" :'S:-j'Lr:'i7:,[- , 'W,':,. >r1:l~<:Im~-, B;!;,'~'.!f~''F;7~''''''"'6,L,Oil:.s:W, ,n -:'J ~ ~a;,17J,~'IiI<I':O't,''''~,'?:.rT ,h'~iI't,'if T~Q:"-1'.t,u :-~', ,,d'll:;!"PY4'~jio~~".,.II~ ~~ ,1: ,
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'Ke$:s'ha~~ Hitler ,r8,89~',1'.9J6~ P 7'39'., l Ib~d" P 73,8" J... ld .f. Ja-n_,:re~_J' ,i1.~e,n:po,~.t~,UllU ,M,egs,vo:rl!}et'e~.t:uni5," m,',J;i:~,,,:~:~'\~O~, ,P ,t:!: '!:t_, 'V~ 'IlL·,~·' n'----,;ozU:f '~ ,4 Messerschmidt, M f d "A~~n I" '606,.
:2;
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5' Kem:shaw~, Hitler l'8'89-J9J 0, P ';33:£ 6, M·essersromidt" '~'Kcf1f~,r'be-fe[t)t~ng:~~,:p604~ , j' FI:,ohnel'- ,CtJn,a;ris." p ,:2;;0:5., H:o,ilo,€; refiers, ,~e-pe~u:edlY' Farago, Ladislas, 1he to
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~l~jo.~~,.~~
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literature l!~ 1It.i1li'O'n

nIL~, RIIb:~"'.~1., .r;ddLR ;"_" o
'rn;p;;6··,......,~'A)" 'Ii]l~r;n.:!I!"'al~,jf>_~ ~;"'rP 'J1'U" If)lYl~'. YT'U.tm..~LU 17U.l.
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n'i':')·' ,H: 'l·'~'llp'!Ii",d-·l-'d·. ~o::t-' , .. (r-nrm--:-·-:- the f,r-n;l!i;,..~1 ,-:-FW,"'_' '1-'II'th··_,1m_·_"i:~tl""'ff-'-,".u:ntn ,I:?, .. u,...... - .. u., . return I ~, ~,' I[U ... Ji,iIJ.liIL:JL'I;d. W Uilt _, ... G-~1-'l _'t4 . 'Febru;~uy~ ,Jte.;r which he' left f·~)r :~rmi~ch,fi"r dle Wbu,e-,[Olly,m:pk-s", WhH-.e in Bedln G :Ih.c$,pe:lFlt ~ le,w' hours ,hI tdb:" 'but the name ,of 'Ca.na[,[s never crops 't,p" Schmidr,
'n 7, fl~""~I;,',~ c-
N'~valIntelligence b~,he Second 'Wodd War;, :H~sanecdote rhst on the ~_lliFlg of mI t February Csnaris passed to Httler a IOrJed. secret ,p-rotoooll ,to' the l~rlencb-:Sovijet:pa(;lt that influel1(i~d, f-litler' that n~gbt to ml,\rance 'the date of the inv,asloil,~ seems ,e'!tre:m,'ely unlike~:y (H'o:hn,e, ,CanlJ:ri$'t P 2,0 j,)~ ACCo.li!lb~,g'to :Ho\ssba~'h, (ZWt£'ciJJ!'n miJ-n,nacbt 'fl;t1'd
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35 Ke"haw~ Hitlet 19J·0-19 4j,.:p 4,·9. . .16 'V.iJiu and :Sei,del, '~FraD,oo~s; e~est', .P' :zo;1,'· R 3'7 BotsC:hafter' 'V'O~l ·Wel,cz;ec·k. to Minist,cr:iraldirettor Di,cckJlcdi" ,2 August r 9'3,,6,~ in AD:AP~ series D~,vol ID~no 2 j :t P :2 sf ,] 8 .l\rnfbass:JidJoI' in 'Paris to Forei.ii,gn l\ifin~h'}j 8 Au,gust' :at '93 6;, in .ADA~ series :D';,~()lIII~ ' _£' 0.0' 3,l~ ],Qf" :p' 3 9 Ibid;,:no ~J':P .3 9,. 40' Abe:Ddroth:" 'Hi'den E.n't:scbeidiu,ng', p 1',03,~
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Ibid, ·n '"'''I',A. Schieder, 'WOffp;D,g:~ {:S.pmischer· Biu,lJerkrl,eg una, V:terjahresp'lan~ Z.ur Struknn nati,on3ilso.ziJ3li~dscbet ,AuBe:npoIDi:tilt·:i, in Schieder a'od Dj.ppttt .DO" ~"(i:nit,he Bi1~g~r;irl~gt J ,rl'0~ p Reichsministes von N'£Uira'th to Ambusado,rl'U'n Hassell, ,3'0 October :1:936" ~nADAP., series D}\vo,t. Ill, ruJ. J[ 1.3:, PP 1'0,5'....17,. Abe[D)drothJ, ·~.Hide~ E:ll'tscbeidung', P 1::I' I ~ S.·>~t,.~.,d:i ..r'L'II ,1J;i[' 'B::'!ji:'f"(p,;p;:..:1~~,;i:IIB 'ii·~'ifii.J:, 'if;l~:·e·m·I.,.,·L~'.:""i\".~'I'i,n' p'~:iil ". Q·itiJ;d,: '-I·~9:1·· '!fl' r f i':" gllli~ ~, U·~,o~;I.lKJU-l~8 y.; ~.;JmL~;I,~~,~,~';I:.IlJ'). r. _: .ll,., Ambassadtlf in. Ram,e to th.e Fo.rre.ign. MiDistry~ I: D,ecember E93'1~ in ,ADA,P;, series
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'N'Oit~~ ,M:~n~srerialdir,ektoF :Die-iCkhotI~ December 1E][
1'9,]
6, ~nADU"
series
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no, 1.5 r, P :1:.42'; .t\m,bass'ad,or in ,Rom'~:·ltoForeign ,Mini·str.Y~,I '7 December IE '9:3 6:i,in, .ibid, n.o I 5 ,6,.~P' I<t.S; cf also 1hClma:s; :Hugh; '1Jj,e ~pflnijll CliVi./' .Hi&r,. London, 2;100]I P S: S:3,£ 4'9 Ambassldor in, Rome to Foreign Mini~try, 29 December ]! 9.36~,:mn. lIDAp" se.r.~.es. D,
Viol Ill, ne I 7'O~ I 6·2f., P .S 0' jodl ruar.i'es', entries S and 9 J an.uary ][:~13 , :in IiliVl'G~fID1.XXVlIl, dorum,e:nt J: 1'8o"'·PS~ 7 :1" 3,,~~i~f~ .5 I Ibid", 'entmy I:4, ]':aJDUaq J: '~ll I:~,.3 4,9" ~P ~:.' ' ..... . . p''i~ '1' .)',{:Ii Hol~'ne' Co.nans.:Ii p'~ 2]:" 'rE l ~o', Ji ,~. ,. . .}, . '. ." .. 2 Bucbheit Dirt D.WJ:lSrhe GilJ'ttii.fldknst $ 3 Ibid", see also the statement 'by' former ,ADwe~ht 1]1: C:bi,e;fvoD. Bentive,Sw, af)t;er the war in. Sovie~tin .Mader,. ,Hi,tln:£ Spi;r;'l,aKlg~,ti~"ll;ld:j''p :1.3.0" .54" Hehne, Ct:u,iulri;J~:p2: l.2 ,j,) Conrto.is, Step'hiule~}and Panne, Jem-'Lou~;s,'Der l~ng(!';fum. des. N](\VD .£iUt auf
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10 Nmrrem,ber
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net o,n1!.y H,eydfich, vih,o, 'w,as; l¥WJting for C~'n:l.ds; ,[I,) throw' in the t-owel is ,proved, by' a,letmr (J[' :rue~notre ~, wl:thO'Uil: :111 ;mddrcsSle.c ,it is;uncerteln '\vui[ch ,~,of 'Gruppe.rrulel;ter 'R' :[U" d',og- ,D~~ 'le'" ''iI'i~'iIL '¥!f'l~n 'il"iI!!iOi'~'~d to IC' :: ;fflln'M;'i";~,l!~ 'ii;r-o,...;l-'~~i"iid· d'' ll;';·~-f~~- ':.iI& !Ij;'L ,- -.!il't,"" - ..-, ab ro~..J 1 ~'~€''D'l'11'm'' -,""O,y, .....'ti'I'~"'L. 'y,V:'"~A" ";m~' ,;e-""u..qii''I,p'n··'~ ;gDSCIl&es 8. _ .. ~iJ.U a'itle,mp'1]e.dq,uite opewy to undermine his posj.tio!fl~Balmier told C~ltt3!fis:.:frlllklly' ('ha't he: 'would. nOf~:be :wbl1e: to run the ,Abv¥.rlehr :Mml~~:lf. ' ,Apparently the mMlOO~,w.in,g.h~ no sucuss" Letter signu;d by von BI~r;, ,Altpst 11'93'7;,:8A,,-,l\lA~ :RW' Sl207 ~IO:UOS 6.s-91~
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J:b~~, ,4'9',) P' 10 Letter" Fritsch to :Hifte-t, 26 JI'Ulury I ~l18[; ll. ,Miibl'mseu; ,j;Fri'tseh-Ki~Sie~~, i decument I" ,P ,41,3,.' ]I.? Longhand draft 'Frl't~C'h,in :Miillleis~n;,'FHtscll,-'Krise docement 1', pp 4,,95: and
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101
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Fritsch, :mvestigatiioo before 'toe official strut to the: lnq.ui!:J 'O\D 2.fr, J3!111UUY' 193:8~ .Muhleken~ ~fi:tsdl'- Kri~se""p ,4,1'4,., J:mssen, :md To'bi'I!'t Shirz~ :PP'S:6ff' and z 76~ n :1' j:, agree tha'il in, the: 'wake ofth.e Blomberg' mJa;b:~ Hltlee recalled the Fri'bcb a:1fdr ln, '1936 Mid feared a n:p,p!emennDy' ocandd~ 1herefo,re~he bad ,omemd the: me :reoo~tru!.ctedOi 'Ihe ~mfJtb,0;rs; :ndyon, the: ~t~l'ltem,enQ: General Hermann 'FQem~b,:ill 19I5'~" KI.~~baw" of ,/litl't-r,,1'93 ~1tJ'4$'~,:P 'g6t fOlltOYf;9 this veai,oWl~ M'ullef; H~'er ,~nil it'"'j' ,P' 2; S ,6,~ontends H c thilJ,t' 'GQe:ri~g nuked, 'dUi~IUo:mlber.g and Fd.tEC'l:~, cases mgeth~r aud, laid the F-n,tsch pIper,s before Hi,tte-r. S fie :&1.:50 rau;smck~ ~:VO:rg~schlchtie~' :zJj,6tv/l:th :D 171,. K ,,-,:p 1huf:Il-H:o-henstein!; :Rem,e<Ho' Gall~zro 'Gmt'v;On.;j, Der ,V~~ch'OO6f'e:r'~' Gt!'Ue,ral OrtO' urzd' die ., - . -,rr"" 'p""'~.;h 'for - MilulJ70b,WJ$1,/,l'o,,z,·' mit. simer Ei:"leitunaa titon ,G'oI() Mann/, Beelin,'~' JJ,n8:2. ,_ ~:II'" . ,~, -- . _. , ... .. ..... . - ... - - -" .. "1':11' :O-'c;~,~III" ~..;.~ ai"". .. G~';t~"'tt,1!. . Ierm" q.'m,~oc ..,~ aUIllJl -H'!..... . !l;D'~lr' l"':oU .O~,e~~¥,~i'. .. ,Z···'1~~U·~,~_,_,.,1..';i"+,;Ii"", _ t, y}';,~""~~'ii~.-'I,L'II", t' ~,!t;~.J1M<1J,~ ,L~·f)·,,,!,fo''--··-'·~ ilo"iI;~o."'.JW'I"Yi!i~
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(Janssen and 'T(;lbiu~ StNn!J' P I '1~I)., Another versl'oD, stares dlat Canuis; d:1d not f take the fears sedoudy;, and Fri~('b,was then arrested 'by the Gestapo., Csnans had (Janssen. and Tobias; 'sJUr.l.;, p 112)., N 0 ,L.~i$Sootllittmarsial is, 'the aD,egedl ,addi:u,ond iUD!.rrtl,ga_oO!o of 'Geneml€)hefst Fr.i.tsch, on ;2;10 :Fe'bn_uu1' 'by' the Gestapo 3't: a ·Watilfil8eevillm..'This n~u,tfld, 'venu,¢; had been. c'h@~n at Kei:lt'fl~s;suggestion because Canans" 'Goltz and Oster ~eiUiedfO\£:' Frlhm's Ure (H:tUlIlC" ,C,n-Rris;, p 26,5)+. douhe ':In-:-'r~rr:o0":3''';~in-: f:"i:o,k-'~~~, ~~ p-'--,I-:o.,rlP. since neieher G,;-~"j'~~ m-lU O·il.. . .I;' III1i.Ill~J., _ J'~'n'ii?~f"1iii' :i'"I-"',.1' Tobias Uv .-. 'Fritsch :meD'noned, it :in ,their m_,emoi_n (]:illllssen. and Tobin, Sturtz;:p I:63)~1bls IS, supported, b-f :Fr.i'~c'h,~~ lOiF1gJland dmA: ,~nM'ij,hletse~n~ '!'.Ft!tsc'h:~:Kt1.~e),~ document i, P 5:0 r, wi'd}, n l!'79~ Here 'F:dm:'h 'wc-ote that he was interropted by tbe G!estapo '~: (21<1' a:nd. ;8 Janua:r.y) and 'by' 'tih,e Reich W3.Jr.' ourt once (:1,3:Fe'bmruy),. C .59 M',Uhie:iseJl!;, '-~limoh ...KlDe:;:J' p 4:75:and doeument 6~,:P.P' '9 [-3~ 4 60 Lon;gil:9Jnd draft·, Fr],bih" .in,Miih1.e~mnj iFriti&ch-,Kr,me~~, doc,um,en.t /<l~,PI :)!oo, 6 I Longband dra£t~Fritsch, ]! 8;January I 9,3 '9:~in. ,]vI'ildew-Slen~"Fntsch,-:Krl,8e!!:~ document ~8~ ,~,o6,,, p
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See: G'ro:Sicurth Helmuth, 'Xa'gc[lrii(h'U ei:'tuJ' AI;WMIJ-r~-z.;ierS' I.9:3'8' ·1·'4'O'~,edited, by Hebll'l1,[ :Kra'Usmck and Harold. C Deutsch, Stuttgwrtj, I'9'i'o,~, ere Introduction, pp h I,~~)'; referred to, hefe'aft[e~r; as, KlausDj,c~, Deu.tsch, and Ketze, ,EinftiJJruH;g~, also
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an. [OstmirRtr '\VIS an A'U~tr.im N airu. :mn favolUJ" of Austria ·beooF.lilln,g a Gennttu provijnce..]j , .3.1\ L~trer, L:~u'S1e~1l, to Otto Bcn;ni~·aS:. 2.3, Octtl/bt-r. I9,S~·4,I£Z:~, 6.58'1' -foHiO[ ~~ ZS r~
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From Aibshagen; Ctiltarn; :p :m 8; z.. [Tt:.t2cn5Iawr'S
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Report', Viizewlmlr.aJ 3~D~ Leopold B'urkn,er, 2; ~ August i[ '96o" ~Die '~Abt-ellllng sp~bter,Anl'~grop'p~' A~nd~u' ,Un '"Arn,t A~tUldJA~hIP des 'Ohermmnuu]Jdos; der ehemalJigen. ,deuhch,en. We hrm BA,-,i\1At- :RW' sl:z i'I,~f-oli,(~(sI'__'~,bere :foU,o, 4., '
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Schmid.t~,Aiff1e'{1ptJ,litil!~P' 26m:., Ibid;, see 'also RO:br;,'Wer,n,etj! 'Das Su,detende.u,tsch'e Frejknrps: _, Diver5ion~in:s.tnlmen.t der Hitler- Re,gmerungbei der:Zer:schlagungderTsdlochQsllowal1rel t~JvfiltJ,ii~eJc-l.Jicht/~1d;t Mitt~ilu:tJgen S 2" 1'9'9,3, P ,3,,6;, Smelser; Rnn,a1d M~, Sudettnproblem und'das D,ritte Des lUich ,19;33-1'93'8~ Mum,ch and V:i,enna,; 19,80, ,[P' l!'93,ff; Kershaw, ,Hitler ,I,9J 6--- I94J:~ ,P
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The catalogue of demands Me detru.led in RDhr., "Frellkorps,~;P .3,9:; cf Schmidt, : A'tdlenpoJitij~ P 2,61:;, Kenblw" ,Hitler 1'.936-.r.9'4j~~,:P4,'8~ r. 5 :R"o:hr~,'Freiko.rps1 ~ P 38'; 8chmildt~,Aujienpolitil, Pi z 6 ]I
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I,S: HW, Leonidas 'E (ed), Die weIZJ4tker-P'fpier~ 19'JJ'-,1,9S0~Bedin 'MId FhU1ldUrt am Main~, 9 7,4b ,P m: 2:7£ 1 I fit 1h',un-~',I-:ro,h,en5te-;wn, Y~s{Jw-oru" ,P 8.3:;,:fE,o:hue"C~n(J1'fJ'~ l '8:['; B,mn.des~,'Dedev~ 'Die P Politlk des D'[itte:n Retch.es ,ge,gendber d,erTsch,e,\d1,oslo\~U:ew,~:wn 'Fun:kejIMa:nfred, (ed), Hitl~:- . 1J - .0 - ~ ~t1;il -'£ , '--. - Dusseldorf I '''.~'.··8,r ,J' _ 6:" Sm,elser-, S'IJd(ftt!,n.~oft:mjl(!m, ~ 7~ '1i1 cr , - -Q; De-,tst};I~;nd. u,--- dt: - Mar:j'te, ,,-... _. ..~ 'In , - "
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432
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.Z.ei'rgeschiCb.tc 62" Munlch" J '~J-9:I~, l!41, P ~S,6 1llls pfiCifi1,e~ [).ripated, 'With H:einz',~~ 'biogr,ap:h,e~r, Sus3;m~le Melnll'-' who bRr.~,use:mbled, the most detailed research. '00' daile. Into the vm.ious N'ation-mst oppoS!'tiQIl,,griOups to' Hi-rlte.:.t, ,Meii:d." Na'tWl11l"m!¥;ia/ute,n:~ pp :2,:B,4~I~
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·thait'Oster had told :him. ,no. I,], Se:prem'her that the ooup would be carr.red out, the '~"'~c,l",ryrft £ij('l;,m'~ng'_., "l~'''''LI1~.~ ...___, .. ,e.ry.rty-~ilg h· ,:~~ f,ry'~l'F.T, ~I~n: _, :t"<fII'~,e~:' 'C:~;m...:l"jlmJ. r berl ;!!j;:j,..Ji,? ~'igge" ;;'...."~r';lnn ~ :lu, .' ,i,I]L'-r 11l~ to meet 'Hitler.. Kordt, M€ht am den A_ltte.n':j, :1' 2'$'8.~ :H:,oihnc,. ICllIZar:i$.''1 p 2'94~d.att:~; G':r.-oS'{;ufd;l~; atssettrunn irw, K.r3:nsni~k, Deu.nch, :~riJd, Kot'Zie U'ke,w~. at 14 Se:ptem,ber: .. Flnm 'the :f~r~gOiing l't would seem thar the: ,OO(fii}s,pir,aton, wWje :reooy '~O '~et ,in..midSe,temjber~after 'whi,ch I-lei'M, and, Osters decision, 'to, km HIder Ichanged,. See also 'h(.elru" N:ationa/j'{J.,'Z-iaJuun, ,P',~9IS";; S:mldJ ,D~bJ,~{JiM'Y,i~, B;;IIIJ,rJe_ffir~,,P' :194, 9;£i;,d, above :rUJ.
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Groscur.th, ~P~rsollli,(;'b.cf' Reisebericht fiber die Reise in die befreiten ,sndetJende,u.tsch~n. Gebiere vom :1,,'-7-. O',kwber 1935:i dalted, 'I'O 'October 1.9 3,8, reprodncedm Groseurth
1
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,·;t1I2'
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:8 ][ ·\Y'eizsiicke.ril Erinn,eru,ttlen, p .l5::~ .. 82 'Cf S.chmid.t~.AtdlcerzpfJlitill; P 3;itJ~i. 83, Scbm~dlt~ ,8m:l.iis\~t~, «4;, Below~.AJjutan,t~ :p I 8'3 ~ p
:8.4 :8 5
Ibid,
AJmUtlln~, :lR!o;mf~ 'Der H~:t1'.m-:Stdin.'-.rakt:
N'.~clltan,gEiffs'~' una
.AngtiftSvcrtrn__g?j':~
in 'OlbeJr~dett 'Em'bl (ed), ,Hlf.ler-Stt1Jl:n-P~Ilt' .1.93'9.· .DtA'S,Eniit, '(J~tn:J'ilteleUT(f"2i'~ Frmrikibrt am .M:Mfij) 1'98:9,. F..u""the w.o~e \ ,eom.pltx also see: :Schnrldtt- .AUfl€'1Jlo1iti:j~, p ],4of;. :HUd~'b,randj1KllaU1lij, .Das '''~fJfl;g~f#!' .&ii'{IJ .= De,'U'I:a,'Cie' AuJl(!~tmJiti'k ·\Vo-n·Bitmil71':~l; ,/iis H\ :';t,~~.s::. ry·m.#:~n·. ,.,.";1 7,;,} .!' '-p' ·",0···. 'Ol!i,,;i,t,'~. .ra-··.th, ..... w__jJ. ..... ~~~~ in ~~Irnl-t-;m'jli~i)tD':~~,:,,~;~.1;..~;U;' :::ilI~,m".~:Iil'i:!C'· ~.~ !I:,""''"'.!F~'' '!!I,.iA -- - _.. ~- JL ., '"'''0,....... 'Din,~, - ~ . ~j(~ ~ ~_Jl'w ~_. -~. i~· .... ~ '''') u," ~ill§~'!!!:!!!
!!>.'I!,!!j jjf ii'.!',~!!i,
mtler 1.93' 6-,r9'4:J~,P' 2'97···· S 6, 'Hilde'brnndt .Dati '~rJnge'l'U? .&i(i,,:p :81' Heinz." ~Canaris~".p't· 08., 'S '8 Ibid, P .l091~
1
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Krius~lck, Deutsch and Kotze, ~I:ntrOOuc,no,:n1, p ,',. Ibid~,:p48 and, 'G,ro8cwth d1aril~$~p l7'9'~ entry' :Z,4&gu'st' 19'3,9' (priwt'e diMY) .. For Kt.ich'baum and the G'P",P' see p,tinci,pilly~ Brown, P3!ul :B, tFo;re$~teJ7to ~:iild'~DO:i~"7·,Ql~·'''''''i"._~~ L- ,L1l~ 'ilJiJ.!JiJ,_ ·00-'."" Thl" - ;,~ ;fIII'~,d- .. ,l'~n·'''t\j:>;-'1·nf.'@'iI1~~II:''Ii'~Career ""'f-W',:-,-1:'mL,,;:o;1 1t(,-~,ii'!!'~'b;i\'ll:~'lIl:m"_ F.... ~IL·r'~U~' c.r.lI";;-JI~ . ,.~, -,~!m.~¥lI!Jl)l;o..".~'!!~ '.. ,l\IIn~n[J~, (U',~"",Jt.:.: ~~,. ~ , \ 'i!n;i"li'n;ji_Ji'l" p.,t _.I !U*" __,~,,,,,: ,;:o;+,.,.rv ..:Ii-v ""~ 'Fro P' ,!r"~y'l;;o>!!" ~,!!!,.....,g.... ~~,c"""u, j'~~, th 'C' .·n,'t;'t:....-;e:::n',;o;,..... ,,,,,,I:' t JL,.7" Intern ~...::.,....,if'iI,;.,. _,g,,,......,i.., '1;,;'\1 _:_1I,:I,IIl; _.i!!.~._""'~,_ ~ ... ,,1Yi.IJi:J G.", ''''0',:.U,,--, I Tuning, 24=6 April E 99'8, a:o,d.:Brow.n,Paul, ,8""Ihe Seni,or' L-ead-e~~sh1,;p,Cadre~of the, G~beim.6 FeldpoU:z;e~:" :19'3-'9"": I: 94S'~';,Nazi' K&r Cn.'mi'nal,Re'C-o.rdJ Intuagen'ty Hi,~Ri'ng .G,', ''P'n''.ffll''t'~.i',;(l~nl·· ..l1_ ..~r.~,~;~"~,;(! n--H~' R·~.,;;·~.~~ .4~~,:'.ti,;',~~ht~"""M'; :~;.,"~,.;;;'i'I'rct"R,~,c! ~~~~'J''l' "'"HU.~l!"" ~;"i'''' ~""r-J u~~ul"[!II'~.,.,.lll-1I~1·~.. H'~'~" 1'7', no 3,~Au.tumn, ,~M)03,)pp :ltS-J04", I thank, Erich. Sc'bm1d't...,Ee:n'boo:m {or dramng ~.y :j:nt~nti-on, the two texts and Paul B"w'Wn,for hls su,pport during my' research in tlO Washi'n zton Krichbaum J: _~!l!~,!!J,. ';_ __ ''0 0"n ....- ~ eptember 'i[ 9' 3": cf 1Y,§.~~,~_l cl.. , 0'· , '-:"'--':"''"'0'''' _'L., _~•.."u_;__.;_,_ fu_,_,~.~ 1le:iCtthe mru~"""'nO' .. ~'yt,~-, ~.3- ii;l, ..... ~" ,
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~'9 :KeJl:s.haw; Hitler ,1,9J 6=19'4:5':" P 30':.1-. B· "' l. ' :v J'~ G=:Il;Se:VlUS.~,,'t$ %U;m: ,v,et:tere,n ,J!~i;nuit,VO'I' s, P 20
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Lleberschar, IGem R~'Der ,miiiti:riSlche Wi,de~,sta:n,d" die :m:nJud~_Slchen. ,M,aBlWlhm'en" "Polenmorde" und 'NS~,KJrie,gr8V~nhrechen den ersten :KiiegsJw~e.\ll (]I[ '9,) 9-1194 I)t" in 1'0 U'eberschb~ IGerd R, (~d):;,NS=J,r,p/Jr.1tCien u;nti der ,m:U'itiris{l)~' Wid~tand ,gegen' ,Hitlu.~Darmstadt; 20001~fi '1,4., . ·r ~ ,~ Hill, ~iZii:cA'w=,Papi"e' I!)JJ~19JO) P :1::614, nate 0,("1October 1'~13,9~ ,] Ibid;, p 17,;,. b ' ..... 4 Uer ersc 1.. ![WLl . J~" p 3,·4., lH~, ,~ 'wen:m.nu 5 :Ken:h.aw, Hiti~'r,1'93 6-1945~:p .3 :I:.l~ 6 Groseurth diades,,, P' IE 9,6,,, ~[ljtry ! September' 1'93 9 (pr.~,vattwary),. i I:bid;, HaIIder" Wiu~ :Dia:ry" 'Vol1:~ PP' .5~'O and, 5:,2~ ,e~nl':ry :1 September 191~l~Also, see Schindler, M~~,l)' Dirsoo:au;. ,pp I :~Of and 1,$0£. cur"i S Laheusen dilfl,es~~ '.I r, eatry i September l!i'9j9:~,fZ~ l.j;/T.:" :fORO' JL4., P F
1
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:Runzheimer~ 'Dee 'Oberl3D~'} ,409., p. Lahousen, Erwin, '~Da'sU nternehmen Himmler' ~u.oda,tJcd, :IfZ~ZS 6:)'8~, foUo 4,5; IlVI.G mm,]I"p 49'",) statement by Lahouseu Absh.em, Canar,is,~,P 2.0 'writes ....airel" ~ ' starern ::,.... b:"''''''~{~iIf:'P '1M, ....I G',:" ~, that n~I~;'~";c;nb:Jif...,.Ck ~.dJ~tbe state ment after the m···, E ;~~ LA~~lv
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'D e.r'.I:u~rl~~1lI! p 4::r:o[i! n t: I.. U· 'nL £" U' ,: ~ IE Inrerrogarton cf Lehousen at the, N'urem':be.r,g' QIK'\\" trial in Runsheimer; 'Der Oberfalf, p 4,:1: I " :m 2,;. Ibid, P 4 I 2, w:ith, n ,llE: .. 1E 3 :H:ahnJe~,Otd~,nunte« den,~'IbtenJeQPfi pp ,l4I~'5·, ll: ,4 Browning, Christopher R, Die Entftss,e:lung ,aer 'Enti'o:J:tJllg"'~ tUlti()1J'ah~~ilJ:li's;ri:sl;e Juil~np{)I;J,i~: ,1'939-'1'942, Mumc_h:" ,2,00,], P 35 and MillIe.f;,Btu ,N1ltll-lftler., P' 426 ..
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the pubica,tili.on of the 'rs:t 'Weh[mach't JlepQft.1his; is mcorreet. See RtnlZhtimef~

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Halder; War Diary; vol I~P 44" ,e~n'tr:" s.ep,tero'be:r- 'I' 9'1 9., :l\'9 l: l' Herbert, B'est, pp lJ4~cf.o-;, 'Wildt, Ge~,u!.r£J\tio,~',,.PP' 4,2t)~'8; Krausnick, Helmut, and. 'WUhelm", Hans H,ein.rich Dtc' Tt-uppe des 'We.lt(J'llsdJ,auJ4'ng.~kr,iege.s'~ ~i(J Einsatzgru,ppen' ,de~'SlrlJeriJelfhpcli"ZJJ1' f~n'di/es' SD 1'93 8;- '''"94'!J ~ S't[~.tt:gart, I 9'S 1:,p 4,0£. I~S 'Q!JioitaJtion from l-IetdJert~ Best; ,P 2,],8;,. I 9' Halder, 'Waf' Dia.ryj, vol Lp 44'J' entry 3,0, g,e~pt,embe~f:" 93 9 ~ 'I: 6
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z :I Ibid, P 2,4"0,. ,2; ,2 'For the '~B',fionfl'beJ:g lJID.oody Sunday" in ,d"e~tan~"see Wildt~,G£?z,et':_(J'n'on: ,pp 4l-3 2; - 4-['; Krausnick 'and.WiIh.ehn,~ 'Trnptt" ,pp 55.....,6,,) ,.
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~le~pt'en.;bu.:1: 9:].'9 (service dJ:MY) ,. ,2,,) :Ibid", ,P 1! 99" ,entry ,5 S.e,ptem'be~r, 19 3'9' (private diary).. 2,\6 Ibkl, P 260" ,en!JDy ,S Septem'bm~ I rg 3,9' (s~"1c~ ,diMY)" Z'7 :l:hid_J':p ']>9 8,~,ItD'tty :l S e",U:nDJ~ecE' t 51 3;9' (ptirva;re dhuy).. ,~'6, Ibid, ,P :~oof,.t!\~hY :8 ,Se,prtember :1: 9 J, 9' {pdva-re .diuy); cfWUdt~,Gen;e,raM,n, :p 4,11,f, ' with, n 5 Z., ~_'!7., GrosaJ!tfb. diuies~· p:' 1[' fi,$;, ' entrv 4' Seerem ber 'I (].~ ,n (ciJ'i>rlv:~.t,e: diarv) l.' ,.... 7'''' ,,!kII;,;" ~ 7~'~ ,]o Ibid, ,PO 1>98 :f.f;, entries 3l ,S;,l' 3'fDJd :8 Septe~mbe-t 9'3.'9 (p,riv,a,te: dia:ry)l~ r 3 'I: Ibid'~1 ![ '919'~ 'Widl :0, 416 I (pl'hr.3ite: ,dliary) and P' :2;:5 9 (s~m,c:ed~'Jryl. :P' ,j:2 Wiem£f Best cbrl]es ~he eve~om,g' meal as the day' af the: lB,~ddshdeclerarlon of wU~, ,] Seprellj;be:r~A:ecordili.i_g 'to tbe service diaries Cn'nu,wi) '~~ at the, Front '~ha;!d_~\,: occurred !i!l-JU ....... ,~U..,., ,!!!"~,,Jw It" .... [L::~.,,;i'!, "'i""',4>,o'.,......... '~,li?:c.! .g,--~,. r;· entries "lin n-I.. di'.~ ~_,_" _,:,,....~ U..., .. . ... ,~!tJ . lUi"", P'-~~'m···,tI;LI ',ly': t;jLfi mention it and Lah,OU~11 refers (~~ly j()Utn¢;~ a~d conferences p':~mnai.by Camui.s. 'W' ~fii!" the ,£':.., no':: 'iI!i"A:n{li' "I;~~B'II~"See Best, ~'C" -"]j'if'ldl~,l p., "1.:,":' IIY,li:l ~l!li.ut '"' '"·~\r.;K.. ~.~. 13, I bj.d " 3,.4 IC:f the ,recent ~91Ndy'by' John Horne and ,All,aD ,KmmeJ:~ Ds,ufs:chc' Krit;gwreuel ,1914~,
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S Se,p't-~:mber 1193 '9 (p,d~a,t~ dhwry) ..
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Cf ,D'R,Z HI; 'V10ru "~p' 12,6f; Hoenseh, J(irg :K; 'Der Hlder."=Stalin =Pakm: und Polen,
Oberlander, ,E",,~n(ed)~,,H1t:ler--'staJltJ/- P'lRt IJ):J9i DIQ;S .En'de OJtmittel'europ,w'?~, Fra'llkiu:1' am A1:am 19'8 9'~ ,P ,S~:I(vri,tb £i1,cs~:lnil,e:Ic)f th,c secret ,p-roto ()o]" p ][ 270"
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Smld, D,0h,J(:l'!1(pi;' -. B('lnlJ'()'ejfor~P :'-:2 s.. Ibid; p. :~ Thiel\e;nbavusit .ZwistlMn ANpas:sung .una Widtfjt;tjtl~,.P ]!.J 4·' 2'9:;
.ru·mp.~
V',_
foli·Q ],),.
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,I], P z 18:f" KershilYl H~':tleP .193 6='1'945, P' 3,64f; H3.lder~,·Wat D.i3Jtyj volLp 1·4 'U:~:nbrdt;'Kampf urn, die Vo.£-u~~ach.";tellUD.g' :~j,.,. and. :z-42f~, ~pp
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I •
o I.:,'entry
][01 Ocrober
~Ji.19·"
I6
'G':'- :;'s"''II'~I'F!If'h'' diaries P'-I.iIi iii' U, 11 'C'4'O 6,00-· ~ "_. ....~,~!t. M:·tUle-:f~ utJ'li.Hitier" P 4.8 r; Deu'tsch:~,Harold C~ Yt:rs;oowiir.unggege.n .de.til .Krieg., Der Heer Widn:st0'1Jil'ln- d~njdren 1'9:3 9~ 19'4lf)~,M·urik·h. '1: 9619 P '76. Grosautb. Sim:ted in his
·'~~_~JI1~~' -,_ ~.lIL ,J.l '."
III
,.
entry of s: 'Octobe-t :I: 9'3,9 that C:9!fums: did ~{lt'w-m't'to, h'3i¥ea~~hJn,g' more to do 'wi,th tbe ~kinoy ge~~e~r31b,. are :alll 'Nlking :a1ready about the: ~,ttlC'k.in. the: 'West :agmnst !h,ey' H:OU~U1dand, :Se:1gium that Is in. 'pfeparadon}'lluu~ Canaris had these oonversa:rnoDs s, ~ ~ ...:"'based. ...1' W" at th,e·,:'est~rn· F: 4!lont; as the ,~j,t.era.mrreasserts, m,o,s6!,y b ._ on. a, report brL'~'~ .. _:amloo.sen~
is out of tb.e question since the nmned. conversational .put~l~[,S were In the E:a~t at
'.llf~· _".:.I, ,~,[Cl "ii""O~1 1't)A·· as :r;.'JO~'E'· ',f!: ,iI. -.:-"_- r-,·,-··e
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tim .... ~'ro' ~_'- ("""I~OC;-l·iI<·.;N.. d' scnrth.-. 'l.:JJ~ .: p' sorf entn n and I J' October . ~':t "'~!~~ ~,~.i , :'.~lJ.:!IJr (prlwt~.dj;UY)I~ :1: 7 .Hdd~rj. 'Wax :Diuy, '¥Oll;tt.lP'~10.5:,' en.try ~4 Octob~,r I '939,; r ·M.·:~:Wllt.,.,J.1I' }' ~~'Qir~~ ·..:'r 11~,~!, Ji[I.c... [Hof,"iU H·-·:·';·t.\~~,ii' 'p_' ,""IOu, with ~ J'Z ~ Kersha - ji"'~ n:~,,\~!Ii,.. r.'7,,J' U:-- .,"·[oA5'.·~ p" e~,,",," c' ·~~:~l:~r: . fI' -. . ,,",. U ,1l'\.'J..oil!1U ."~ 7'T, WciZs;ieker, Eri'n~ti'N,'U1Jgen", p :2,169£; 19 Groocnrth, dla:ries).p' :2 M 8:" entry 1,6 October m: '9.3 9 (pri,va;m:ei:MY)'.· d 2·0 M.iilJeff Heer ,UN'a' Hit/~r"fP ,4'901" ~. Kershaw, Huler ,1936-'1945, P l"S ~ I
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24; G'rO~lCurdl diaries,;) Pi
'with n .5,6'0; m;~,mo.ra;ndtml ,r;ep!odu'Oed in ibid, docnmear 10, .P'P'4,9·S·:_c_ 5:'0], and KordtJ' Nicjl' aw de:m~ Ala8,rI::, pp ];S9~.:5;, Ueberschitr~ 'Gerd :Rj-Milirwoppol8ition. gegen .Hiit1Je-Jf:S :Kriep,omhik. ]["9,],19 b~ ' I: 9'-4t .'M'I)DW' Stmlctur nnd Alt-e:r.na-tf.vv!lJ.mreHungen des ,e:n·tstebendeo. .mm.tir.~chen Wtder,&.tand,es:" in Sc:mll'idecke. :Ii J O'~·-',.·'· ,and Stein'boc'b 'Peter ~·eds.\.Der WiJtr.~\,tarzd 'Ti'fu{aen ~. l~'· _. [. - .,.. -, .
:lit: ~;h ~nrr.y
l! 9 j; 9;
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19 'October'
a:,"",~IJIrlI'~Rifliili
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Hitler.; .MunJlch and ZUrich,

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G'm~!C!tlrth, dJi-ar,i;es:,.:p-120:~ e(l.tri,e~;j.:l·~5:October lE9']:9 (prh~;a,te:,dJiUY)I~ Miilter:-P~ Hi'<·,'-:-- p "'~, ~ ~. 1-.1I:~'lt,-.' me -If ·',f"I--P, 1 '-[-';.'" ---'-~'---'-----'-" DL·_ Ul1tl ==._l~er~, . -49.5:~! !DwCaJ._es .-'jh.: error o~ some rererences ~_'-"~:_
a.cdvi;de-s dur.tng thbii phase,
'pc;p~:' .4/- n".c~'~ and 7¥'~
.~ to :Cc. < -: -~,;;, ananss..
21l l]Tebemc:h~t, 1\iIm.tiro.pposin.n~nt~ .15'0; 'UebeJ'schu) .P'
Hi1ldtr., Gmeralsta!JsiJ.J.tj;' Gtp" und Gef-angentr .Hitlwl IGoHingen. and Zfu.iicll~:1: I; 99 P ,4of; MiiUe!:~ Heer unrJ'H:itl:et, P 5 o~8£
j.
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G,erd, R, ,G:e.neralioh'lr:si .pmtJ~:
2;'9 Gmsmrt'h. diari,es, p ;:2;·22;).en'by r Nlovemlber' ,

M,finer), H~,'U,'f,lndHitleT" :P' S li E:1i n ,l49'~
,] 0,
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9,3 '9 (private diMY)~with. n ,S 78,;, cf
G'EOSCurth dla'r.ies:;) p 2-.3.2~." ell-ny I N'ONel:nl,e:r- )! '9:3 9 (priv,a;.t[c: diary);. for the mtl'oorpretation ,of thi s entry see: Muner~,Heer un(iHi:tltr~p j: '1 1:1(" with which I concur;, Fr.om, the ,entry it :~snot cQ,m,p],erdy clear whether the objoction .regarding the mi~$l;mg:m3.n~1 came
frem Halder
0(['
GmKUrth; :3 I Geoscurth diar.,[es,.P' 2Z2,," entry I November M'9.3.'9 (pdv,a:t,-e: _iary)'~ d .32 Thus 'Voge~,Tholmas, 'i·D.ie~ ' 1Vb]j.·m~[)pposition gegen das 'NS-,Regjme am ·Vo.m~nd ,Jln~ .Z-~;j~l;o;t(:in·· l,'lr~'~~l"'n'~'~'~' und.. d;CI_t ersten "'~·;iiiii'g·~d(]'L.~~t'jf,n~lifi-..·'i·n'4- r) ~~'ifi' iY."·\r...~tKl ~D'~ A1{itl:JnJ Je:s G:CwiIsen.s;. MilitcQnS·che.'F WiJustand gelen .HitliF' ut1d[das·.NS~&gime'93'.3' ,bl; I94J:, '1 oo,mpanjOrll YOIIU[ll,C to the: open exh~bldo-n of the 1Wi1itirgeschichdichem 'Farschungsamtes~ :Hmnbu'f,\g~,'BerM, and 'Bo(nn~, 00m:,. p :1'9'9~ 2 3.3 Haldenletter to WWlitet B:wum.~ Jun-e 19'57, IfZ~ :ZS ·1;40~va~. ~here from Hohne, 1 V 'n '~;16':":i' C'· ..:.. AI.J~~'-"'~"'I>.!"· J... "."'. ,341· 'N,o~-e,,La·h,@u~n.,. ~Zur Vo([gescnicbm des Anscblmgs. vom 2·Q'" lull .44:i·~, l£l) ..Z:S 6,S s~ f-otio '8"
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Kordt, Ni~J,tll'US tim' Aklen,. p 37:1:,. :3 6 ,As it ~ras dro mis.u;nde:rstooo, 'when, :Hald.e.r let Oster and oth.eJ:· cirvilian. ioon~ph:a.tal\":s
sum, as Gceme1e!, Schacht 9;[I;d. -eck :mow, ·th,e~y· B should bold t:hemsclves in, readiness ,fro.m~S N'o¥e!mhe-r~not on' tih.e 5 th ..:H311dm' had no $pecllic Reti.on to set 'the: roup .in.
motion;
rot :him. it ~d d~~nded n~:~. :H-U:lt~T"~' :~e~,~tiQ'D a·FJjd.·~ llri_ked te the [d~.ific,~lti,(!1(n.
5 8, G,ise,v);,us:!, ,Jj:is ZU1n ,l;itt~'f'e,rJ:Ende~~, Il, p I'7 I" vel ,Millle-l' ,H'e~rUlulHit/u- p JlI~ ~ =,. Voael--, '~'Mill.tarop,_ipOSj,do;d-,n lr ~O~'-· ('Jt2't, . ".[~ . .J '7 _- -,~ - - - -- . -- - - . - - - . ,. -.• ... ~-~ ,60' ~~Ofscurth w~f~.P :z3;~~,ent1-y':[]. 'November I'9.3 9 (pl,i,Viliitc_,diary)..,_
, ~ ..c.,'I1.; ..: =-"-. .... _. .. ,. ~
1
,6I [bid" P 2;',1 'I:,. ,e~nJul1[4 Nove.mbt,r 19'3 '9 (private diary):~ differs over th~ 'content of the conversaticn with. 'Gisevilus, Bis %Urn ,/)ittu-en Enilil'".'¥o:~, p I: 72,[ ]I~,
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G,ise\r}us", ,Bir
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ji'tm~,n Entlt!" vol H, p T 73.£.

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~ Vogel, 'I'MiUtiroppos-itloil1'" p
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See Gr-orcurth, dlarle~;~, p 2;'34" ,e~ntry10 December 193-'9 (whole en.try ill, p~Wate di:lty)
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'Wifh,n ;f,6] " A vent-OD of the speech prob~bly taken down by' G'ooscurth. is ,R,pmduc,ed in Grtl'scurtih. maries, ~p'fpeQdi!xI~do'cument ,4-O~ ,4]I t~I 8;, cfKershaw, ,Hille,,. I9J' 6= PI' ,194J, P 377,0:
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IGerm,aw~ ,Hi/lier ,1'936---I,fj'4£'" pp ,371';8.0 and GrOiSiclUlrth diad~s1 P' 2. ]"4~n 6J 'S~ G('Oscu_rth, dia:Ei.es;" :P' 2; ],,4, en,tty' r 0 ,Detemlber I 939 (whole entry'in :Plr.iv:rute; diary)~
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From 'Groscuith, di'~lliecSt,.P' 4:2,6~ docament 43,:: ~B;la5:ku,~i.Ltz us O'](H: iJ,'7 Novem'ber TA,3'.Y;J .. Cf - G··'-/:rmnl ~Wehrm-,,'""':i',L-t im Dnrten Reich''r" 3':'-iA' an d _, .,tii'm~'1;"i:;IIJ1·,·.'~1IVB~"r-A'i!iiT"i;,j:ii'i,!It: 'n :_ p :/' 'f),'J - -__ ~~~:J-l_. ~~-- - -~- ~~ ~~ ... ~~lW'~1 E"tfiJsslU'Mg, p '1:2'0£ 9 Engel, Gftl1hMdi Hew:sadjutant iej ,Hitler 193 a~'1943-.Aufi:;elthnutllf.m des Majtlt~, E~Be/~,'em 'red, and wi'm, c(~,m,m,en.ta:ry by Hildegard, von Kotze, ScJlHi(t~nreme; der
8
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'liert-e:lj'3hnhefte fWr Zerntg.eoc'hic:b,te: 2'9~i'Stuttgart:; I:9'7'4~ ,P 6 R" entry' 11: 8 'Novemlu:!;r' -'.JI_ iI:i" '~ dd :t:gl],g., Th: !;X4'item.ay 'ill.. eJ1100e()us, IS suspectec d '~:. ","t. "IIZ····· _J~: IUe !'Ulu'~JeJl.:'~>,eultor~ Jt1nge~ u'l-" notc ate
= .. i' c]
",]1"
his notes n:n'ftil :nt,e-f. the war (see jj,bid" p ,67,,:n
or poSSibly' there 'W:~S another, e"H~ier' norte (see; Gro~:cijLtrth diruri'es, P 8'0;, M'illIer~H~:er' tJ/n.d'.Hilli,r'~P 4,] '7£; ,M'i.in',e~~ ,Pb,rgesf:h,ich,t~!;".1) ,MOO'~j 3'7'; and p l'OI, n, 4r,]a)., See aim Browning, Ent/tsselung,!) p 1'2 I :n.
! 9,6)jt
and - --~ 'I 0'
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Enifcts;s:(tllt.t1;g~, p II 2,EL rr Ker;sll3:W, ,Hitl" ,1'93 6='.1'94S P l8,o~ 12 Hassen. dimes, p 'I~:7,'i',rem subsequent 'to enuy ,]() 'Nowembe-l' '1939 I: 1 G~o®cnrth, dliatres" ,P' 2,) S;:~,entry ]l '9 ,Dte:em'lber' 'I939 {ptivatt di,amy)'. :111, Ibid 'en:uy :j;, "I: D~cember. 'I. 9'].'9., 1,5 Irbi,dj,:p 24.:I:~,,e:n'tty :£.3 Januruy' ·194'0., TO Ibid,J r :1,11_2 - entrv J' 'snuarv il9~Or. Helder WM' ~ I - ~ on ·T··' ---~--~J~ = Di!iit'V vlOI, , P' litJ. 0 . entrv 1,6 ]1:!1l._CU:.lIn.t' 7" "']'/ ~.J
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'Vo~l.. '!'Millitamnposi'tmod ~r 206,~ 'n 10--'19 G'ro~ufh" l,etwr 'm' his: '~ri'fe C:had,otte:" :1: :Fe'bruary ]I 9·40\~'l8A=MA;~'N' Ea~S;,. 2,0 Kr:a~~nk·,l~'_, - - -- -- and K'Oime. ,E'i'tt.tr:dJ,ru;n~~' P'" '8 J)' ----- - ~ :D'C'U'mch ------ - - --"-~- --"!!'~-- ----~~ -r - "'~9""", I!'
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Halder, 'W'u :Dim:y, wJ, 1"P I ,60:" entry ][$; J~:nu~ry I '940~
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G1loeelllth, diaries,,:p' 24.'6:~e~,uy 1£ -4 February 'I '94'0 (pdvare diaf)r)..
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S'bl'ff ,oainer I:n,d Vi~6n Miw;sre.r :for Wa!1, the latter ,!is definirelv VlIUll;tr" Ho'bne~ [0 f makes ,M;l1tin,e'l· C:OJm,pos :1 oo,tone], ~uld,chief' of the Secret InteIID.i,gl~110~: erv.i,c~ of S the SptnnLsll Anny; Preston dUnks he 'WIS not a colonel but n, gene;[,al and chtef of-the Geaeral :StaR: Presten also has Vig6-n as ,/Uir 'Force wnniste~ ~,which Is questionable :aJS ttl, timing' ~ whffile :tor H,6hne :h,e ~~ a f~l;ajQr.-,g~n~d~ld chief ,~fthe Gi~neral : S'tdf.. ,As re~ds. the mission of C'anrui.s I have :m'ad~y foU.owoo Eurdi,cki'Mll.o bases his. material ail}the 'buit~ ,ot an ex:chlng-e of correspoadence m,th MikoslCb~1 Wittig' :1'l1!d,Leissaer, and am in:rem,ew' ,vit:b Lmgkau., ,B'tlKUC~ Military' S:trategy~,PP' 2l=;9.' Ibid, p 2.5 and, S,chreib-et" ~Euh¥k~kII!Il1ng" :i[ S l,. See also rdu~;report of the ] talian :P 'N"lvy Secret Service chief Alberto Lals, fu,Uoliviln_g 11lb: by C;Louis to Rome on ,2,,;a a J u]y :1' 9'],'9:; this, \'VaS ,dt·e-rC:an_aris ,h:ad, s-po,lmn '~fi,th:ltt9Jn,IOO in Spain on the C,iDliltat :pl'obIDemand the s~ttWg' up of Gel,man bIS~S' for d~,eevent of war: ,DDl; series 'V1II;
v()lXII. no
iF'
II
:Bu:rmck, ,Milit~ry,Stt:'tJ;t~gy)P ~5:~

Ibid,
rID
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Ibid, :1' 2,6..
'1'4
Schreibe_f;~ ~Eo:nvi'C'kluD,g~'", :p '1:82'; 'Burdd~ Mi1.itM" ,Strategy" Pi 2'7" AbwiChr= Hauptmann EIa.-ns:~J0Ch~ll, Rudlo,ff wa~ ~upp()se(Uy l:ualbng a recaunaissance in. Sparun at dl,e be:gjn:nln,g -afJu]y (H,ohn.ej) Caruwis:;, ,P 40-9l. or :perhaps at the same time as Canarls's missica, ~ldlough. ,ru'llde;pend,e~nt of i"t: (.Bun:Uck~ ,Military Stt"lfJ:N;ty, p 2'9)~,
perhaps in common ~rU:b,C;anl.dsi~stroop!) ,(B,ucnh,e~.'t), ,G'eh't.i:mdi/riJ.nJt~, P' .3 7,), the; ll '~_,O'!i,~en!L,'Ii'iii""'~'" ""rd,t- t-'~ro ,r'Ui- r-....-~!I;. 'L;,~'" ",,",0" to ;;:Ii,...""', '~f'-',1"., 'IIi!'_r'~d,· 'La nossible ,~ re.~p."J] ,..,.oi'!i. IJiel!!!,II,t:ir _J!. "",Wi I)"", ,JI]oL,~~,~U'''''''!II;[;:h.lII.L',:o-",.Ii' '.... .~:n-:
,0['
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S:pa;~:n 'Wi-ihout anybody :n(ldcilnJ8'"and to :sbJp' .tillery round. to Tmfa, and Ceuta at 'dl,e same time. 'The accounts seem to ,go 'bade, to :Rudlo.;ff" and a,scar :Rei1e~ C:'elJre.im'c
'~jf~i!'H""l!'1;",t,,,D·' ··,';qAJI!.--'··lo'lI.,il .. , il"'iJ' &J~J' ,il'L" LI;(7Wu''''
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m,an.operad.on. in, panilleJ, 'ro Canaris has Utdte to eernmead :it. Halder, Wu ,D;iaJY~ voj Il, pp 4r~5'IO, entry J r Jill;}" 1: '94,0; Schrelber, ~,E':nJM,WJck1.ung' .p
l'
;1".,..."" M;····· uni~I!;,.:::n:;. 'I'n,il",""' j! 'p.~. ".!Ii,!!! ,""L "'3"iIJ ...,
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1:,6 Burdick, Military 'shrzttgy,:p 35::1' O':K\V"Wrur :Di~~, i: i Sc~hrei'l1tu~~~ '~Eill'hri,c]dunK';i':P I: 8,,: f
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:Schreijbe;r~~En.twi.cl\tluw'~, 'po; :1 S7~f~ i-~h'co.fftsnondinlr .re{e-lefi.ce~, to 'the aKYI Waf' .'0 ,> ~ w 0' D,~a;ry: 2,0' Ibid.,. ,P :m: 8:'7:"n. 3, :m-; OK'\1-V'''War :Diary, vol. t,:p 2,3 (M 2, Augus;t i'940)~ 2, r Lahousen dJlrles~,:p'90\~,,e-t.lt~ies,:1 6=~~, ,Augil$1t m: '9~O':,,' a F :~3l~ £000 '9.1'. " 2,3 B;nrdi,ck; MilitR~ry' Strategy,,:p ,41," :13 P:'restofl ,Pra1-u,fJ'j, ,P ,3 'fl". 2,,4, Schre~~Jber, '!'Enrwilcld.nDg'~',~, I 8; ~l" D, ~ ],,6., ,P
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26
Ibld,~P 1,00, entry 14 :8eprembc-!' 1940., But :s!OO(1l, Can.arls aad the chief of the S:",~,~ .• ~ lJl!Wraltt von G·'''j!:I,~,t,;~ln:~e'i'';itJ'could g re~n~!f't-··, .•• ·•" O.···.:ID;I3.:!f:iill+;olnc~I_1 ~ . lr!IiP. ~JU{'W In DI'::;"~'s;nlllc, at G':"~'n.p'l'\!i'~ !l.dU-,.G :,,,,,]"li'~'~=~ 'H~:"..:rII'n,i!' -,ir·~U!!!.." th~t tJrue preparations for the eapture of GibraltM 'were in hMld~see ~,b;~d'!i'1O~:!' en-tty p 'I: '7 Se,pt-e,mhe;r 1'9,4,0",
aI. I ll'.lIIi;t~il1V I~ .. 'WiI1~J"""
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Ibid, P 44,l:~
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Ke"haw~,Hitler IfXJ,6--',194J ~P 440"

,I 94>O~
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P .3 8:1,' 'HaJdc-f, WM ~D.i-ar);voI ]1;,P :1:2,:8 t entry '7 '0 etober , Ibid, p 131;, ,entry l:,~; ctober ~! O 9',40.,
Pu-SOOfl, PPll,'lU-O"
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,Franca" ,P ,3,'9,) f[ 3 8, Kenhavl~ ,HitJu'
S;e~'~bid",:p ]I ,] ~'" ,er]fJ'rry l!: ,3 01Ct{'iDer' r 9'40~ 3j; Ibid, P :i ,40, ,emtr;y 16 October :1: 94'0. ,Alcmu:' was the old Mno,ruh, fortjficartio,:n, in, the: centre of Toledo thwt Fmrloo daU'rn~dto' U'lbe.rll're 0.0 tb,e road to ,Mrudrld .. ~'A' 'p-~~~~,~"",~fiilrv It,~.,lr)1, L""!'.~_~~"1i'~ T:--\~iI"'ii:"!~U:~\~:6r;;J"\~~ rnl"J'r~' 1J"'7['1l'~"~·~'~!Ir.'l'l~ ytJI·~o.~«@'·~~ H- IIW.'_'J \~U,t' .~;::t-,""~.... . ~~'J.o.l!lirJlr·I!·,~~fJ~ ;;i.iot l5"i:;,L¥..:;..r+':.rliit:ifj"~n:~I,Ai~-#4':'i" t,j'.i~,;;.q, Nt!11.tJ'U!s:f!!)'he.- Berlin, - I'n,('I'9· ,', ,r 6, IA (.'7-.··." -I I 6,"1' -". j':mv' - 3" .4_:2'-)"'.' -!/!;!i,'_"'- -, ~ ~'-:7~ ,',n ~-~, -~ 3 j: Kendllaw, ,Hitler 19J ";-',19-45 ~p 44~2. ~ ,] 6, 'HUI, l¥iizsiit&~Papi"" 1',933'=-.1'93°,p ,ll J ~entry 2: I October I:9,,40., 3 'i' -Fun c-overage of the oego,1i2ltians is In Schmidt~ ,St.alis;t~1 ,pp 5:'00=].:; also Preston,
d1.~;L, .
Itl~·tt.·[~
'I!liiP;i:,U;'~ ....
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193,6--,1'945, P
444~
39 Halder,,'War Di~, ¥O], ]],,:p J:,,8,~'e:ntry I November 194'O~ 40' Ke-"baw, ,Hit/~,f'1'936-'-19I/J; P 44j: ~ 4,1: Halder, 'Wit Dia:_ry~ n ,I' '1,.5 7~,e~ntt.ry I N,ovemIber' 'I 94'O~ vol, , ~,2 Ibid,., P E,S 9" e'mttry 2. 'N,ovemirbe:F' I 94-0~ 4,] Burdick,. ,Mflltflry' SJ:rateggy:j,:p ,67", 4t-4, Halder" 'W9Jf ~DiarYJ 00] ]]~, p 164;'"'"8, entries, -4-6 'N,ovemher 1'940,. p 4f,;j Lshousen dl-ulesJ, P '9 Sf: entries ,j 'and,,6 November m: '940", liZ 'F :2 31I'~folio, 10 I f: 41'6 Hdder"Wn D.in'y~, [I:;'p 17',5 e:~.tty ]I I 'N(Jvem'b~~t9l40; Burdick, ,Milita,ry' ,Strategy, vol. I ,P.'P'1'6, a;~d :801:[ ,*:7 Halder, WU Dj;MJ'~' 'D:~,P I I92,~ entty 25: Novemibe~ [94'0; Bu:mic'k~ MiJli"laf'"Y vo,~ S"~"'\DU'tl' 'p:', (i;,n_~ o ...... J_II"i:i'_' ,·S···'''"'''Ik........,;:;li!...p[-' '~:11 nh~'.:,..t_1'111,1Ii'Ji!j)',jl P 11""1 Ull'!:-1.IIIWJ ... ~ 41,9 Burdiek, ,/Wfiit{1,ry' .strattgy, :P' 8 I f£ )0 Halder, War Diary, vn~]1, P' 2{}9~ e~n.try 5 ~De-c,e~mber1'94',0 I~squ;are braCke~ts, in Qrig~,n'aJ)m .5 [ B,'i!u:dic~ ~Vilita1" StraltlY"1 p I: 03 ff" 'who sets the date of the Journey three day:s too, e9Jr:~:f;Preston, ,F't:f1/ncr(t, P 41 z'G C:r-ozieI" Fr,Qllc,YJ.) P 316; the: script[ ,of the ensuln,I' c:iQ(nve[s~;dQn between Canads and Franco is leptrod,uced, hI: ])enme:r, Donald S~ ,Hitler, ,Pr-U1U;O u,Tld Gil;r:fZl1,ar,~1Wie~sbaden~ :I'9,6'~i~ :1:,2.3,""$; H:ohn.e, Ca1Jlflris" P 4201; :P,P ,ADAP~series :D,'voi :x::n:, no ,)oo;:p 8;,),:1£ " z J\D1lP~senes 'D~, X1I~ ,5 OO'~P :8,) zf; Detwiler; Hitlet; Franco UJ1/d Gilw.Q-ltf1:r~,(J I ~1t.4, vol no q,uotJ€d, here fmm Ho:hne, C'a:N'tJ~risjl:p ,4:ZQ'., 's.l Schreiber, <SEnt'wU:klung"':;, p 213; Q'KW WM D,];M"Y1' 'Vol I, P 2,2,:2 (1.0 December
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See a,dditiionallly 'Kjj;Dk, Ernst, ~D.ie militir.i:sche Ko nzep 00 11, des Krieg,esi gegen die :So~etu:nio,[l:" in D:RZ,U; vom ,4~p~rt ]~,:r 2,38".
p:!jjl;!,e,t,"'iI'1jl_iI!?~l\"Ii\M"_""'_ :, .!J!, """" - U,!II_~", ,I" l i[4;;!''' '" EV' ,
:Dlarr~ _P2118~, entry 8 December volIl,

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S '7 Papeleux, Leon, L~aiJi,d'rtlJ ICOJUJris' e1~treFran,Cf} ,et ,Hit/e," - L~ role de IC-anans datu ,l:es &lati~1J's'ge:r~l1lJ-t¥,'(Jgr:~(}~~'j' ,1'91:5-' I944~Casterman, r 9"77~P '[.1 '8 ,S 8, Wei~iiicki@-r~, E1'jn,'n\~~ge,n~ 4! 9 i ' :1" '.J ,i\,'... ~, 7 Hill We-izj;'(idl;er~:Ra-hcie,r:-e ra 73-19": 'j- o Z 2,S' D 13'· December 19·' ',i!! ,0 . '1:[. .
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94',0,.
Hassell. diaries, p Z:I:~t 6~, Cave BroWhJ~ BodYK1Hl'fd[ [r:fLi~~[ :P' 1\ I 3,. ,63 [Thus is the il1~lifi9J,ti(;[n [0£ Colvin; ,Cbi-if ,,/' Ifttelliltn't~'f, ,P' ]I ~:1f£,'~O :i;eliles 0'1'1. ccnversatinns 'Wi'th, :IL~-ahol]s~n and, C;muis;~s :adJutant jeake, Stemme Labousen q,uore~ ber ll'lls'lbaDd as s;ayiillg' aft~ 'ti~Le'WM fh'ilt the M,d r-e,po[t' (lID the; ncgaoa'oon:s wi;th Franco had 3IreaLd,;y' been dl,c~'kd, bY'C,~narls; 'before the t~ had concluded, '~hw!Ch,:sbength~Ds;_'the s~spicion -rb"at C~mar.is; '~s workm.g towws. '9, Spanish, 'N[o'., S't;aJ,'~elmen~ Y' St.efanie Lahousen to 'H1'e; 9,'u'tnO!r, ,], J~U1UM'y200 6,. LThat Lahousen D 3fC--tom:panled Canu,is to' :S,paln Is not corroborated 'by the: service diary; Lahousen seems 00' have been 'it :Besan9~n in 'Fra'n[c"ebtmeen, (j[ and 9[ December I9~o ,an Op,era'tion 'Felix business, Lahousen diaries, p 1'06 ]fZ", 'F :2 311 £ollio 'I'Og[~
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Q!!;loted,fiom lb~d; ood the same words in, Cave Brown, B:()Jyguard,r;fLi'~~~ 2o]I 4,., The p ~~()d"of the 'German emignnDlt We~,rn.'e.f.Emi1. H:at[' (actually &o.n,):; who returned to : ,:"~~ojjil'[liV f"I'W'i ,~~:::'iip in in 'I9C 'I J ,~.tf~!I\"~lIl'Ii.g':' e'Qt"'lIr'~II"""""C and b.~"1t'01I... ~1.-:'n"ilt:iJ1rA"~,,,,,1 G, CJtll,'b-'", :,'-lBl,iII"i'~~'F!i' l-U}S L.~~~~ 'On the: Abweh:r to the :publlSching ,pr:oject Europimche Ptlbllka;donen,~ corresponds In d etail to C'-'"'.",: ~'J,':;'n~~ account ,A·····.. ~,Ii!';oj;,Fb-,:,p itun g ,,);"~F!fiilP'f':c, 'E::: :'m' -H' ,,::;: D~" ber 'I' A~' 'J :lfZt I9[:8'4~folio T3 :rf[ As WD a{ppan:nt for 'lCwmpmying ,cor.re,"spo.o.den,oe~, t'h,ose .inrvn~,vled ere :lilar.fully sure about H1tfleS m~nus\cript~ It is ,exttlOlidinuUy precise In w many de,taffils it ,~5 [qu~tepllSsibk that Hart had seen ColvJJris book, Bassett relies but ,~t~nsively' 'on 'H: Ba ~;:;;Att'·: "'C'- an 'P ,os'£t'" _~',~._._\ _ :...~._ " _ _ _ :...:_.. ~.,_.J ,~I"'~"'_~1 [~I).' Jl."." ..1111i
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Lahousen mari'es, p 11: 2. ~ en.try 19 February 19',4 I ~,HZ F 2,3/:1:)folio ]I][.s ,. : ,Halde[,'Waf' Dhtry, vol Il, P' 281~[ o';tq 21. 'Fe'iltllmry i'94,I~ e Lahousen diat[ies" P :ar r,:h entry 2;5 Feburary :;>94]"IfZ F 2.,3/1" (an<o :~1[6,. AJt the end of f [94,0 3" dispute arose ,re,gm1fillg the cooperaden of the Abwehr 'wi.th leaders of the Ukndne' Nadonalist Movement ([QUNr\, who ,~ttked as ,Abweibr a~ftrt6;., Flider :h.ad.[ordered that a:nythblg that :migh~irritate or warn the: :Sari~t U:ni[QiO "W'a;S to 'be :sdfloo"Csnaris had there£u.r-e declared, thar he should abandon 00 S!l],prport :ror O'UN'~ of whkh Lahousen idvised M:elmly,k [on l Deoemaer I 9[,40~ Gestapo' [C:,ruef Milter' even ordered the arrest of :1, Ieader of one of the nationelist groups,~and. an, Abwebr man, :Ryko Jary" but' Canaris intervened to prevent dlis,. In mid-December Lahousen inforned JMY' that oooperation Ilad, been broken [off because of the fore~gn, policy +sl'ma;don., See ihido,[ ,P I O ,,:ff~ entries; j:i() N oltem.ber, J and, ]I 4, December 19'40[" Hei!lZ;~,Caruz-,ns,,[:p :~S 8'; ,F.lei:scliilauer,[ ]ngebo~g;p.Die C'h(J,'rIt1t ,d~$'S",ndQrfrlede,fJ.'3~ De,u't:J:ch~ .s:o~ie;ttj:rh(j' Gehi!img~pmciJe: 1'94.!1= J 94S:" Berlin, 19:86~p[ :2 7£ ,i\JEO KJInk;., j;Kon~~ptiQ[:rl':.,:pE '94ft: Heinz" ,C~1ulri:s:~ :1' j :8:( p From H'alde.r, War Dllty~, vol II, p 3:3'1" entry J;O ,M:arro 194I~ simUrudty Kel1lhaw~ Hitle.r l~XJ 6=1'945 ~P 473·,
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QuinkM', 8abett~ (oed)~WiT $ind die Herr8'n dtt!:r:elLtl11'iles., ~ Ur.S:tl"bc:n" KrllJ;llf' ,un'd , ,FlIlgen ,dts .de,ub.chnz UlttJjalh o/ufiJi'e' S;;wj'ettm.iotJ;; Hamburg, 2.002\:~:P' :I018,., 'Fro,[fi, ,An,grlck;" BlesatZJJ.'FJgljm\lf'tik, p 4,2-{, nili~i ac,cou.n,t relies on his basie research. Ibid;, :P' 4'9'.
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KerS~luIW~ ,RUler I9J ~1'.9'4J;' P 48,o'~ :m: 4!' Schramm von 'Ihadden, :EJwre~llganl, Grl:eclHtt.lf!ma und die 'GroJtn;dtl;:ts' ~j",l:Zm'e:len. Wel~b-i~,.'Wl~sbraden:!, 1: 9') S:;H3b]l'e~ Cd1uz:r-U~J;:P,P,4]I4-I 6 and 4·l I,-6,~ J! ,j Lshoosen ,dli's:des: ,pp I' Jli')"';2~, n,mes 15:-'17' AprU, 1\ '94.,J'~, iZ;" F' 2-] Im ~ o,~p~ e l ][,6 :S~e; KniI~lj_$mck, Helmat, ":KOmmissarbe£ehl und )Ge:dm,tsh~ejtJSe:t~1 8IarbHOSS31~
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1I7' 'Akte~r:Ml,Q,tiz ij'be;t die Bes.preehullg trot dem ,&e:jehs]e:iter :Rooe;nhe-rg 'am ,].(),.,Mmi, 'I 94,1:: B~:Uni' 31 M~f ]1'94,r, signed C,Wtul_S, BA'''''1\dA~RW' ,4i16tO~ I i[ :3 Com~renc-~ nore, Cbef',A, AuSUA'bw, Berlin 4Juu,e ]'i'94:I" BA,-,JdA,} RW 4V.S7 8", (-.QUos,
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mades, p I:~ ..8,~,e:fl!try (i June :19',4 I ~ Ifl" 'F' ~'31I" ,o.:p~;. ahne, ,Canalis;, :1" H 4r4kl" reiel's 'ifn' t'he :6Ie~note of Hauptmann Keunesi regaftUn.g this mee:tit1g~ 'vihiC:h had. set down, 'the res,pecllive ta_b of the: 'Wem,mac:h't C,defe,lItill,g the ellet~f' 'and. Rlejjc.h_sruhrer SS,('polidcal :poJli,ce,combat against the Ie;n'e;my? :u well as the: dutY' of ailll'G·FP, S:D and SP' Orffi~s, 'to provhle the: broadest ~UppOlit' on ';l ,[IJ]!'utll'M, 'basi.s:; ~ An,grlt~,,B:eJatrJJngspf)'/'iJil;, p 1:'0S' ~ Lshousen
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:~~ Ibid, p :1: I 1[£ :% 3; K1in~,'KonZieptiJO\rl'~, p ~.,6,. :3:,4 Inl-ormallU,on ,AST Romw'3; 'to Ahrt II: AtUl:lIAJbw, ,regardJl-Dg' t'l'botft,gle and"ruveniJJnary tactics :for M,ehlyk,:WIld. Ba;ndem OUN grou.ps in,·the event ofw:at ofdl,e; :1:,Z Jon~:][94']i; ' lUstnl,ctio(o from Laheusen 'to Abw ]] llailmn c,Si,eer" ~f Groups and armi,e'Si,te :su;p'port the non -Russlan peop:les 0.(' the USa,R" e-S,pociaUy' ,those c,o:nah~)ralti'Dg 'With K~O~rusation~~ ]I '9 June 19,41'; Instrucrion of Chief' Au.slll nw to ,AST :RomMla A for , the -{:";fm~·_'H'iI'it'-;,l1--",g, of ""~ insurrection ":,~ ,. in connecnon ~~~'~h···· seeurlng the ,Ii,. l'v" _ hJll~ ,m _"e.ii"!'Iiill'g;m·',:'·F, 'Caucti'$-im oUfi,elds eTmnlnl, I. and 11.1., '~'-O JU'[BJ,e 194,I t, Plan 0'( Abw I] liaison, ,ailice.f ttl' oo:mmanding offi'c-el!~ h.~nee, (0([' the fOil marion of a,'Uh:Ji'~ian l~rn.tto su.p'P{)(rt I! ,GttmfUl tto~ps, eOr.t~Un_8~!;1ion Roland'), 2'7Ju:ne I 9'4 Ii'~~D.,BA ~:MA~, ~O""I: 1/4f,S.~, RH reproduced in:: D~ Amt' Auibtndl Abwe'hr im O'berltQITuna'nd,Q ,der W~hn1la(h't..
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Bremerhaven, ~OO,5;;, ~S~ 'theme, 'liZ" F 2,3.1 m .' Notes of an address by' :Rei,chslei'terRosenberg, 20 June I ~ht (probably vnitren up 'by' m: Cao:t'ris 0'1' Labou;sen 'nalt~,~"'l\<i,~ - ,_. and m,etrlble)I, , C!Q!p"~Y':UZJl FD ~.:, ~fomlerrv 'Fe btlltnt' .- _., '0;- '. JIi 'i~ It· - . -~1 _.. -L,~b-CII"\;t!_FV' T'9"',t',n)" .lJ-, ,U,y~, ~? .'_, "Ih ~';,e ~.l_I1w\"~.IuJi.~, entitled ~U ('C"_' ~,1i~'i!=>~,nli1il :]alifji,q'~'~L,,,,"',",i'jW''ii'~e'nl 71-': C:o:-'l1:~'n;c -"Ii,n~3~' .~.. EJIJ[~I. , , -.1' '~ , d' .111 ~ ~ ;m: - .. contains tllailtluy notes b f ahonsen (i~pre~',t' :~Y'L ... ·i:ro01.L.:: mm a:Fit[w, C· .ananss diaries, ,~:rdSi ,:
.• ,. •. . I. . ...•. -
,H'elt1uJ' am ,iel'/J B'U",uJ~'S:(lr,hi'l4 ,~~tJJ' X~ :ailsothe, numerous: entries in Lahouseas diaries on this;
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a:FI!d, the '~:,RarHies FQ,ldel,com,piwd, by Dohnmyi aJiJdOster, and ,given. to ,Maro,gn,a,RedMtz :tn I9;43 ~,Artier the 'vtar tney' we.re discovered by' US IntlelMi,g.en,ce~ acting r;;n infllr,mati,on. fr(llfn for'mer A~ehn,t-ellJe: ,Munich o,fli'ce[,s~in the 53fe of an a'tfLo.rnq
,known to Mut1gn:I-Re&Ni,tz.,:See Lab.ou.sreJ$ ,l,ette-r 't()1 D.r ,Anton, H:~b~ ~~ N,(}vember 1[ 9'llt :UZ~, :2; JIm~'F~['another vif!mi,o-n of RosenJberg:!s; addle.s.:s; n 'Which be spob ,at F i 'a certain ~IJ!ltonOi(IlY',{orr' 'White ,Russia, see 'Ge.r.Jac:b1Chri~tiin, K'alkuiierte Mordt,. Die , ,de,utscic' Wirt.fcoafi-s-- u,ul' Jl'e-n",i~lJ:tJllng~p(J:!it:ilt., 'i:rJ ,W~'r'!fJla1uJ .194'1"=',1',1}44, Hamburg, I '9'9'9:1' ,P 94~ n 35:1'~here poW'ring ,to- :BA,-,MA, FPF' -0 I 11~855;; {olli,a!; I 04~S: :1~
26, Ibid,
'21' Lahousen dimes, P IS:]'~entlY ,2;:1: June 194,1"lIZ F",23/It,O,,:P. 2,:8 ,Ib~,d~ 'Z9 ]b~d, entry':1:8' February ,I94,I, IfZ, F 23/1[, o\oP~ 30 ]hid, P l:5:-4, en,try' ,29' February 1194,I, liZ 'F :~3l~ o~p~ 3,]I "'~orttagsnoti:z fuer Chef O'~l ueber bi;sher 'vo,rLie,gend-e~ Erg!e1hnisse des Einsatzes deS! ,J\m;res; AusllnctrAbwebr im K'a:mpf geg1en :Souje.t=-Rdlmd,'; Komandos Abw ]I1Chi"ef~ B,ei.1WJuly 1: 914]I '; :lfZt- FD' ,4~l~ 3, 9~4,2,~ {oUos 3,~l :Lahou~e,ndiarles, P I 160.':;, entry' i July :19'4]I ',I IfZ F 2 3/!, o"P; :Hl,tler:" '\Vho, had ,no fn'teres~ in. an [ndepe~ndent 'Ukr-ahl,e.:,rem_sed, t-o ~s.uppo.rt' 'the nationalist leaders, 'r&nd.
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Inftuenced, ~~ntem,atronrul o:pini-on,that an. '!::atppm;~);~ytotal break-up of the Soviet ,runr.edand:" 'W:~s;n pro,gJles6 .. Statemenr of Erwin Stolze Introduced ~n~D' i evidence by S o1!ri,et pro sec'U]tnr' ~,'itNuremberg, 2j Dec,ember. :19\4 ) IM,IG~,vol 'V1I~P ,]01,. S 35: Angdck, Be'S8tkUtlg¥t!litil(;~,P I,j i'·'
3!6 Ibid~,:p:w..3 g",
entrv jC' J'lw'111y._., 'l'iIil4' ]1£2: 'lq '''::;',j' lit, v.,,["., 11/···· 'iO I _iiJJ. ":/-'~" .F' Laheusens deputy Oberst Erwin Stolze stated that he find gi~n the: instruction to M,elm-yk and B:i1Jnn.e;r;a\ ~n.Q:n'm1y' tOI foment Insurrecnen immedhudy after' the Ge~mm inwsi.on., In addition to 'wealenlng the: Red Army~ this wilOruld, have
l .m 1 , '.... ~I~ _-'
the;r 'were brought te G;erm:11IY :ror' 'queS!tiomf~g, :r.l1!cJ'u,wmg'Bandera.

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17 Ibi-d~,:P.P'14, f.~) :1' 'e~spe~dall!,Y' 14,5: vri;th n .5". p j 8, 'See, S treit, Christlan, 'Die Be:tumdlu'D,g' der so~etische~n Kriegsgefiu~pnJ~n.nnd v3~ke~chffi,che Prcbleme des Krieges g~~D. die Sowj:e~mm.od, run 'Ueb~mch3it~ G;erd~ and. 'Wett~, Wolfram [(00.5)" Der dt1t,,:t:9we ;U'lm-foll,o,'Ufilu' ,Sowjetunio1J'., Un'f.erneiJm'e,n 'TJa,·r.fj'Clr-Ojs(i~ 194I, Fr.anidU.rt am ,M:3Jin",1:![J19' I t PP :1:5:9~S 9'~Order' reproduced in mbid:~ :
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:P.P' 291--:300, :faUo'Wing 39

40
qUD-tatloD. :h,er!@: t P ,2;9'7~ a Li_house[DJ~, stat~m~,nt, I1vI>G,~'roillll~ p ,5:'0 I; Lahousen, Iffidavit" 8 Janua:ry ZS 6,S 8::, fo,i1()s :i;.l,.... 7~
I 94'8~,
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Ibid, IM'G:~,vol II, p ,j01 ' ~ 4:1' Ibid, P ,S()S'; Lahousen, affidavit, 8: ,Jam'U&ry [9,4:8, ]fZ, ZS ,6,5 8,~,folios 2,2/'~ 4 2 Conr'er.en,{)~' note: '~B~n..: J\n'():r.d~ung :mr die Be~bmfD.u:ng so~etische;r Kr,w,~grsg~fmgene[~ B,er~in,~S . '9., !E '94.).'I~~ signed 'C~lJj}u,is, reproduced in U'e:oon!Cl:dir and m: Wette" t)be,rf(Jil~PP 3'0:1. 5 (wi,tb, ,a.ppen.dk sboivdng' Soviet order' wgaxd.ing :PoWsl~ ,P
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3,,6, D,mft :plm RSHA, ,jG,rundsatu :6.ir,di'e~Zusammenathelt der Sicbclbeits,poUui und des SD mit den, Ab-wehMienststellen de! Weh_nnacbt~" :BA-,lYIA" :RW' Slv~, 6!90\~fo:6as: 1 '9.5'~::f.()1;;,re,pnlductdi in ,Miihl:ei,Kn.~ 'Duell', P:P 433"""1) document 16". 31' Draft pllan, AbwebE, '~Gmnds,it~ fOr die, Zu-sanlruetltr1bei't der Si,che-rheiit'spoibei und des SD m:it den Abwehldl[left'ststleBem del' 'WehmlQ/,che,t. BA -,Mt\, :RW' s Ill~,.6'90" :fnllos ,4'9-" '7;,repmdiU.ood, in, M'!lible~~jl, (DueU~~pp ,4,3 r-43, docement "", 1'8 .All ,qu!om'tiQm1 froPl H[e,:rdrlm~~ [etk~" to ICa'Oat,is,,5 Feb.mmy i 9,4,,11:" BA """'lA~ :RW S:lv~ 6,gnJ, foUos 8,5-';' r.-e,prodiuood in M'ihleme;n, 'Duelf', pp- ,443.-6 document 8"
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Ibid, fORo %,Sff:,
39
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Huppenkothen, cO,PY s[ateIn~'fi'[:~ ~'CtUUll.iS und J\hwehr~'j'P 5J la, ,ZS ~49" :fnlio, 3,'9·, 4,:1. '~bsdiri£t, eines :haDdscltrifdichel1 Brieles SSr...Q:be1:gruppent"UlVer.s Heydrr.ich'vom, 6,;;
:Ibid, folio,
88£
'F'eibruH 19,42 :111 :H'~l,m"uAdmiral [C'anad.~;':"BA,-'MA~ W ,S/v;; 6'90,,:£0:110' 9,j;"reproducoo R .in,M',nb1e~se~n'l' 'iiDuel~'~, 4~6f, document 9., p 4,?)' C~m~:~1 '[0, HeydEich~ [1' Februatry i '9,trar], BA,-,M.A., :RW ,}l¥~ 6'90" Bl, '9l! ti, letter ,re,pto'duud in M,6hleisen, ~,Due!:~':~:p '44;7~deeument I: 0", 4,,] H';u,p_'penk()th,eo [co,py S:f:A't-emeo.t[j' '~C~m~rjsul:ld Abwehr~'" P S" ]fZ~, S 2'~'9;,fatio, Z 39; Canads letter '001 :H~ch~, 8 Febrnaty' 19+2, BA'~lvIA":RW Slvi, ,6'90,~fQUn 90;, -""".J : ~D- :!l"~' . repfiuuuc,e", d " '",. ~ UJ;UCisen~~ ueu ",P' 4-4 i!1li'£" diocumem t" I I,. 1ft M~· ,.. Lit ... ....• iO<I'~ •... 44 ,Mu'hloeb:eD,TIueU,j', p ,+0,) A ,~: "G,rml!dlsiJtu, fir d-i~ Zlals®lDm~n.be.i't der Siche-:rb,ej,ts:oolli!lei undo des SD' und dell ~IJl r"'-'!:' ,Abwehr.-dlen:sts-relle:n der Wehrma,c-ht~ ~I' Mareh 1l: 94.~'i' asp,pen-db:::r t~) 0 K\Y order r'h,€ o.f' ,6 Aptil, I: 914]['~ :BA,~cMA~ W j:fv~ 6'90,~:foUos E ,60=-4;, reproduced In M'uhleisen R ~D tu~J1P':;, 45 )1'-,5: I' dtJC!lJ!m~Tn 14.' :pp ,4[6 A'ngric~ B~sat'Dt1gsll!JJiiill;~,P :1: 2,8; S e_heiUenb erg", l\f,emf}'iren; P ,15; S:£.
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,48 C'3!11e:B1mWD;J' Seae!' &e[rcJant:~ P 4IU'tl who relies, on. SC-hdl'l;rtbell~s :st~mmeF:1!,ts:i'll his posnY,'1l interrt(;g:a'ti!ln~~ Thi,Si quitmJ, is neither mentioned in h:is Olim memoirs nor those of Doerr,ies:., ,49. ScbeUlenberg), MeNu,Jl~tn" P 2,;) j: j~O ~,Fu;stD'etaii@dllnteJlll,ga,non. Report Oft :SS~:Stallldme;n~'FUh_r.-er CaDaris:~Constantin' ~ : ]! 2, July I '~¥4S,NrA, 'WO ,~O'+,:I: ;806,~:P,P' :r-,z,6; aliso,second ,i:n,tlerro,gadon l report, :8 Augus:t: 1'4j: ~At dle end. of' the' wa~r CORstatl'nn IC;'lul1tds WfI:S an Sa. Standaneof"Wlre.r and Oberst del' Polizet 'When, Germans wirdldrew' from Bm~ael$i in the 'anwm'n 0'£ 19,44,t Hmnnler sent him, 'to, Croana, :I.nd,from there in ,April. 1.'9',45 on, I, ~s,pocbu, mis~w,onto ItdYt where he 'W1m c11:pMed, on _]()April I'~J'.4,S in Mjlan" :H1s mterropto~ di[d, :ro;,~t (,ons.i.der hinl :1,IGestap) fan3!d,e~ but on ,4 ,Au,gu.~t :1:9'5:1 a B'eJ~an, coert sentenced him, to, 'menty' y~an;" im;prislO'nV!ltot. S oon :~tenvatcl_s,he '~ reW'EEtOO, to' ,G·,-,~~.~~r,r1if 11r~,~~11 ' p:~ns·d;iffli'~I;+"iIi" ,~J"~'~';f~~+'~~: ' +c,n in,n~'~[~ p':c'ocili!ied.in~: ,~~,th,~ 5fitlLl'~ . f"ll' "": ~ - - ~ ~ _. -~~~ ,re""fi .r:J1, ,,_ual,i,'/"~ lL~JJt: .lr'Ll~1. So~",,~~ " I" ~:y.UJ.~~~:e.u h im ~J" "~",",,~. . .
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commander ,I opened :3J.n(l:tDoe In Brussels to cul~ct poUticml, information .fO'f ,th,e oocu:py.in,g ,forces,.ll!is amounted to a prill,artie; :in'~mgen,ce- :servioe" 'Ind, ,AIbweh:rstieHe Brussels began s", l~ul,uirf~ They q,uleM}!, :[Qiunda.top-secret decument far the OI<:\V
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that Fhlktnb91!Us~rls ,chief: of S'taff :had 'passed, te the OOil~ntt :,rohab~r' :ltnomog' that: be would let the :king 0'£' Belg~llm :k_now'he oonten.ts". The ,matter Vf.i9'S replFt~d 'to' t 'C'a:nn,i8 as the 'be.ttayal, -or~il1 Q,fii.d,a], :S ec ref" but fli,otbing :appeu:s to ~havecome of .it, Haasis, H,eUmu,t' IG~, bJ :i,,,,~,Prill" Dati ,/It;Clf,},tat tl:Df &inh.J HilJ-JriC};', Rebl'be~t~ T sooe,
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H'U:p,penkotDe~, 'COpy'51r~;remen.t; '{\Cmads nnd Abw~h'e 5:, IfZ), Z'S ~4i9j; ~UO4.O-~ ~.P' ( H,obn}e'~,C~:narij"'p ~"S;'O" ,5: 5, Inp, ,H:3Jag" ,eon,'JeJsa:tio,D, 'm:th the :autib,o([!! Z,O Se,p,t;f,m,b,er ~,OO',S ~ ,;6 Groscurth, letter to Beck" 25 June I'9.fr,2". 2'5 Wit.b ,His Bscli. .to' t.he ,Willi
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'For Lever:kiUll1 see :pdm,arily JihnkJ~'e,'B,um::lldlud, 'L'awyer~ Folll!li,e~,i,JlJ., Ifl't~ligem:;e

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deutsehe Emigration :bl I:sta:nbW und del' :am,e-rikmll'sme G·t:;hebndiemt Oiffi~-e of' Stratesic Servtees (-··0· •.• S-S'?)~~Vl~~l"Q~~~,rtf;' JIilr ,'~'tt:lt'fM.f~fif'~tf!,A~_ ,'I:nn,iit -, 'n ,.J! - I - -;;'}!II ·.··• ,1:'16"7--62 'J:", "'e!"'rI,; ii,J """I, ~'r!i"rgL_ fh 4':I:}, ~~. ,~-~~~!!'-,o ~~mr_ f-J - - .,.~~ ~ '?:::11' -, r £il.r 'DoD.(Tw;n's, (jont'ar.ts. 'vn.tb. Le:vedciIh:l1., Moltke and, e;ven:ma]ly Can.aris in GennrulY see Cave :S.rOW:ll;, Arttll,ony, ,Wil,i' ,B:ill Df)nf)'V~'I;. iie' Last Hero; New Yo.fkJ, I '98; 2,~,:pp ,I:19f ll\'Jl!d, ' ,13;' fur' dl~ ,c,UP.ta,~t~ 'w~.th'W~irMiC":bw~ I 'Hill" ,~'i:'Qitlu:'r'= PBliiers' I93:J'= I:9j S, P' 3 '81~, note to 2l~August 1944; for LeY'erkwtri's, collaboeanon 'w,ith lV],o],tk;e see also ,Mo~tk~,Frey,a, \JllO!n, B,aJ;fQut M~h:~l~ ~nd, Frb;iby. JuU~,,fleittiutj' J(j,'~$ w~ ,MtJlt:4t
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by un~rtejn,Buchv;er:il,g-e: G':m.bH" BerUn, Tr3!usla;rti,on @' L:ionel :Levell,tba], Ltd-loo,?

@I fj,mt, 'p- u'blliih~d Gt1c:a't' in

U't'II;'if-:9'd": 'S"~"t-~,i!" nf': ,It '-01' erica

.U~ Pmr!lb-,l;;[e<,b-: ,,~dr -I, and

~I:il'~iio;~~ib' ,-!I,~t~,~;al, l~ n . fl~~"~ .

','""',~s, nsntnte N " val'-] ,r', II,_,_

"~I'fi""'I,..1!~j' b :V' ~I'II'~ C'.~ ~[u " ..

M,,- 1- _3D"d 2, ,[402 -50]4 'U)f

18B;N o'7'8-m: -,~ or J[

AI'~ [Oll'~''l '7 ~ "~ '. ,~I

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'".M;..!R.,' p" ~ 'inT'"''11'11'" ,~'" -' ~

'U~'f':Fr;;'~'D ,I'll!! 'y,~,,A;.

~T' .-:",,"",a :.ri~ ~'T':'jtrA H'E" ,CiW~ "4 , ,~~,

'Cu'sting the G~n,erals

A Double Game Between Obedience and Conscience

r:dl 'J - ',J

L"TiL-,=, 111"r€iitj"of ~1-J.e.1 ·V·,·~, v~

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The Spirlt of Zossen

~5,~'.·' W:~t-;~~ H~~::~

'36 Th1e U'ndolng of'Cenarls

'Notes Sources and

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muu t1't:ll~ltions, ,3,\PPetal' 'be:Me'~;npla~ge~, a.nd 2,,0:8

11' n~,' ,AI :y,.]! ~

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Bundesarchiv Mllitir:archiv Koblens

E_.···M·'·.' 'G_:-:-'ll~ sean _~;.:'.i,.'C,t ,llynn,. c

,Ar-cbiv' Michael Heins

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l'd;· k· A csnoui ..:c;-:gcments

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,,,,",A'-, '-NtA- D It!! ~

0-' ~ H'lI'T-' ,.I·_'~A'D ;"iQJ 'IL 'E'( [17'

''--P''Y'-M:'-A'_.,1i;Ji .Ii. ~ !Il:i,"'1r~,:__ \'___:,:._,

i ,:::U.C', ' '-"1' M"' - -c"Dr,-, M':chlac, ,',:' 'neuer

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.ADM '" ADM --_.

~.k oF.!"iliij'i!" ~!I""ten '40,W,

II~}'''!j,I: .... _·.

'--',q t'ii'" [ -,-I''iiI-' ....

. -: ',',!_ ~ ..-~ '_-:_'~' : :._

Amt~gmppe AlJIcm,el'n,e. \Vehr,m'~iH=!lt~:angle~egenbei'ten (IComblned. ..· 'O,fice~,fo'F' GeneraJ, 'Wehrm,i\cht Affair,s)

'8-"· G:-: 'H-"'--' -_ ,. ....

F:reiw,Uli[gef' Deutscher Sc_hutmleos:t ('Vo:bmtary German

Se~rn[te) Gehel:Ql,e~ Fdd,p()lliui, (We~hrmac'ht ,poli,t~:oo,r_ps:~ secret' field pO;~iJ,c,e) '

liaaloorg Ame:db Linie:

Handelskrieg nnd 'WirlschaftIicbe Kmrnpfma.~5i;t.mthmen. (Amti;~:S:hlp,pin,g'

and :E(()ol],o,mi,c Wad~e)

Instlw.t ,WI' Zel'tg,e,schicJl"re MUI;l}cberJ.

1,4,,' I ] ~,194 S'

h-is I '"1>()~ 94,,6, ([~];tema,tlOD;rull'W1;r Cnmes I.

TII :n'-"IJb-'/I"'Il"!_!.I!J,I 'N:"':"n''Ii'·n;-1Iib~·;a,r'a'"'' "'""l" _: ..:_'~-II!,~.~-:._ ~~.t)l.: ~~ ~

Ka__mpf.... !O[gm-is~i'fion.e:n (Kommandotrupps

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'" AJLlCijll C_.A:_·N':I·A···· ~ 'II ~

'T-,lj' 'Ill'! 'il~'1: LJIl,,~j,~ III

~5,~'.·' W:~t-; H::~

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