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Sushant Kumar 7th Sem Electrical 4th Year

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What is Automation ?
Automation is basically the delegation of human control function to technical equipment for

Productivity Total Automation Manufacturing Competitiveness Solution

Quality

Plant Labor Cost

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History of Automation
Programmable Logic Controller Electronic Control using Logic Gates Hard wired logic Control Pneumatic Control Manual Control

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PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER

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PLC
 What is PLC ?  Advantages of PLC
Reliability in operation, Small physical size, Shorter project time, Speed in Operation, Ease of maintenance/Troubleshooting

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 Applications :
Machine controls, Packaging, Palletizing, Material handling, similar Sequential task as well as Process control

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Ladder Diagram

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The Ladder Diagram (LD) programming language originated from the graphical representation used to design an electrical control system Finally CPUs were added to take over the function of the logic circuits Control decisions accomplished through programming

OR
Ladder diagram ( LD) was developed to make program creation and maintenance easier Computer based graphical representation of wiring diagrams that was easy to understand Reduced training and support cost

AND

CPU

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What is Rung?
A rung of ladder diagram code can contain both input and output instructions
Input instructions perform a comparison or test and set the rung state based on the outcome

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Normally left justified on the rung

Output instructions examine the rung state and execute some operation or function

In some cases output instructions can set the rung state Normally right justified on the rung

Input Instruction

Output Instruction

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PLC Cycle
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 Sense the Input  Process the Logic  Give Output Programmable controller

Inputs Machine or Process

Outputs

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Programming of PLC
Start Stop the Motor

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Configuration of PLC : Allen Bradley

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The PLC is programmed interface between the field I/p element like limit switches, sensors, push button and the final control elements like actuator, solenoid/control valves, drives, hooters etc

CPU I/O Modules Power Supply

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PLC Architecture Evolution

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Today : Distributed I/O Modules

PLC

Distributed I/O scanner

Data Communication Bus

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PLC Signal Flow

Input Module Processor Memory Data Output Input Image Table Image Table I:0/6 I:0/6 I:1/4 O:1/5 O:0/7 O:0/7 Output Modules

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Ladder Program Input Devices I:0/6 I:1/4 I:1/4 O:0/7 O:1/5 Output Devices

O:1/5

Programming Terminal
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Programmable Logic Controllers

PLC Types

 Nano (Small)  Micro (Medium)  Large

Basic criteria for PLC Types

 Memory Capacity  I/O Range  Packaging and Cost per Point

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PLC Systems of various vendors

Siemens
 S5 -110U, 115U, 135U  S7 - 200, 300, 400

Allen Bradley
 Micrologix 1000, 1200, 1500  SLC 5/01, 5/02, 5/03  PLC 5/10, 5/25 and 5/40

Modicon  Nano
 Micro  Premium  Quantum

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Supervisory control & Data Acquisition (SCADA)

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Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

 SCADA refers to a system that collects data from various sensors at a factory, plant or in other remote locations and then sends this data to a central computer which then manages and controls the data.  SCADA focuses on gathering and circulating the right amount of system information to the right person or computer within the right amount of time.

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SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
Archiving, Logging, Access Control, Alarms

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Graphics and Batch processing

Distributed database Data Server Data Server PLCs

Field Bus
Control Programs
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Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition Software

Features of typical SCADA software Dynamic process graphic Real-time and Historical trending Alarms Recipe Management Security Device connectivity Database connectivity

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Application of SCADA system

Water Management Systems. Electric Power. Traffic Signals. Mass Transit Systems. Environmental Control Systems. Manufacturing Systems. Transmission, Generation, Distribution system. Mining plants, water and electrical utility installations to oil gas plants.

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SCADA in Industries
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Sr no.

Vender

SACDA Software

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8

Wonder ware Siemens Ltd. Allen Bradley Intellution Schneider KIPT Merz GE Fanuc

In Touch 5.0 to 10.0 Win CC/ Wincc Flexble Rs View Fix DMACS Factory View & CITEC ASTRA ( Indian SCADA) Aspic Cimplicity

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