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    This document provides instructions for using a ballistic pendulum lab to measure the velocity of a bullet. It explains that the collision between the bullet and pendulum is inelastic, so kinetic energy is not conserved, but mechanical energy is conserved as kinetic energy converts to gravitational potential energy. It gives two equations: one to calculate the velocity of the pendulum after impact based on the mass and height change, and another to calculate the bullet's original velocity based on the pendulum and bullet masses and velocities. The procedures outline measuring the masses and initial pendulum height, firing the bullet, measuring the new height, and calculating the velocities using the equations. Results and conclusions include determining if momentum and energy were conserved, and discussing sources of

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    This document provides instructions for using a ballistic pendulum lab to measure the velocity of a bullet. It explains that the collision between the bullet and pendulum is inelastic, so kinetic energy is not conserved, but mechanical energy is conserved as kinetic energy converts to gravitational potential energy. It gives two equations: one to calculate the velocity of the pendulum after impact based on the mass and height change, and another to calculate the bullet's original velocity based on the pendulum and bullet masses and velocities. The procedures outline measuring the masses and initial pendulum height, firing the bullet, measuring the new height, and calculating the velocities using the equations. Results and conclusions include determining if momentum and energy were conserved, and discussing sources of

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    11 views1 page

    Ballistc

    Uploaded by

    kamlesh_khator6531
    This document provides instructions for using a ballistic pendulum lab to measure the velocity of a bullet. It explains that the collision between the bullet and pendulum is inelastic, so kinetic energy is not conserved, but mechanical energy is conserved as kinetic energy converts to gravitational potential energy. It gives two equations: one to calculate the velocity of the pendulum after impact based on the mass and height change, and another to calculate the bullet's original velocity based on the pendulum and bullet masses and velocities. The procedures outline measuring the masses and initial pendulum height, firing the bullet, measuring the new height, and calculating the velocities using the equations. Results and conclusions include determining if momentum and energy were conserved, and discussing sources of

    Copyright:

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    AP Physics Lab Conservation of Momentum and The Ballistic Pendulum Brockport High School NY USA Mr Keefer

    Introduction The ballistic pendulum was invented in 1742 to measure the speed of bullets. The collision between the projectile and the bullet is inelastic, so kinetic energy (K) is not conserved. However, we will assume the pendulum to swing frictionless after being struck by the projectile, thus conserving mechanical energy (ME) in the conversion from kinetic to gravitational potential energy Ug. In terms of energy, the increase in gravitational potential energy (Ug) of the pendulum at the end of the upward swing is equal to its kinetic energy immediately after impact. Thus, Equation 1:

    (M + m) v 2 pend = (M + m)g h 2

    Now, solving for vpend allows one to solve for the velocity of the bullet in the inelastic collision equation. Equation 2:

    vbullet =

    (M + m) v pend m

    Before going further, solve Equation 1 for vpend and Equation 2 for vbullet in terms of gravitational potential energy (mgh). Procedures 1. Determine the mass of the bullet and the pendulum. 2. Prepare the ballistic pendulum for firing and measure the height of the pendulum from its center of mass (CM). Let this height be the reference height (h = 0). If your pendulum can be measured in degrees of swing, then record the starting angle. 2. Fire the projectile, then record the h of the pendulum. If you use the angle method, then h = L (1 - Cos ) where L is the length of the pendulum to its CM with the ball inside. The CM can be determined by balancing the ball and pendulum on an air track glider. Results and Conclusions 1. Determine the speed of the projectile and the pendulum using the equations you solved above. 2. Determine if momentum was conserved. If momentum was lost, what percent was lost and where did it go? 3. Determine the K of the bullet before the collision and the K of the pendulum after the collision. Determine the amount of energy lost in Joules and the percent. Where did the energy go? 4. Discuss the sources of error in this lab.

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