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TDMA
TDMA
TDMA Implementation
For GSM D 900, the entire 25 MHz of the bandwidth is divided Into 125 different channels of 200 KHz capacity each
890MHz
915MHz
935MHz
960MHz
124
124
Frequency Multiplex
Separation of the whole spectrum into smaller frequency bands A channel gets a certain band of the spectrum for the whole time Advantages: no dynamic coordination necessary k1 k2 k3 k4 k5 works also for analog signals c Disadvantages: waste of bandwidth if the traffic is distributed unevenly inflexible guard spaces t
k6 f
Time Multiplex
A channel gets the whole spectrum for a certain amount of time Advantages:
only one carrier in the medium at any time throughput high even for many users
k1 c
k2
k3
k4
k5
k6
Disadvantages:
precise synchronization necessary
t
k1 c
k2
k3
k4
k5
k6 f
TDMA Implementation
7 6 5 4 3
4.616 ms
GSM D 900
6 5 4 3 4
2 1
4.616 ms
2 1
577 us
0 0
200 khz 25 MHz
0 1 124
577 us
0 0
200 khz 25 MHz
124
Traffic Channel
156.25 bits TDMA Burst T 3 Encrypted 57 bits S 1 Training S 26 bits 1 577 us Encrypted 57 bits T GP 3 8.25
TDMA Frame
4.616 ms SACCH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Idle
TDMA Superframe
120
22.8 kbps
Hierarchy of Frames
1 HYPER FRAME = 2048 SUPERFRAMES = 2 715 648 TDMA FRAMES ( 3 H 28 MIN 53 S 760 MS )
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047
1 SUPER FRAME = 1326 TDMA FRAMES ( 6.12 S ) LEFT (OR) RIGHT 1 SUPER FRAME = 51 MULTI FRAMES TRAFFIC CHANNELS 0 1 2 3 4 48 49 50 SIGNALLING CHANNELS 1 SUPER FRAME = 26 MULTI FRAMES
0 1 2 24 25
(4.615ms) 0
(4.615 ms) 1
577 us
TDMA Frame
4.616 ms
User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 User 5 User 6 User 7 User 8
4.616 ms
Frame 2
Frame 3
Frame 4
Frame 5 Frame 6
Frame.
Diversity Issues
Buildings and Obstacles in built up areas scatter the wireless signal. Because of this the signal at the antenna is subjected to rapid and deep fading. Fading is most severe in heavily built-up areas in an urban environment. Diversity reception techniques are applied either at the base station or at mobile station.
577 us