CCNA Dis3 - Chapter 4 - Addressing in An Enterprise Network - PPT (Compatibility Mode)

Chapter 4 Addressing in an Enterprise Network
CCNA Discovery 4.0
Intruduction
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Intruduction
Intruduction
Intruduction
Objectives
Using hierarchical IP Network Address Scheme

Flat and hierarchical Networks

Flat network, every device is in the same network and receives each broadcast. With large numbers of hosts, a flat network becomes less efficient As the number of hosts increases in a switched network, so do the number of broadcasts sent and received Broadcast packets take up a lot of bandwidth, causing traffic delays and timeouts. Creating VLANs provides one solution to a large, flat network. Each VLAN is its own broadcast domain. Implementing a hierarchical network using routers is another solution.
Flat and hierarchical Networks
Hierarchical Network Address
A hierarchical addressing structure logically groups networks into smaller subnetworks.
Using Subnetting to Structure the Network
Such as 10.X.Y.0, where X represents a geographical location and Y represents a building or floor within that location.
Using VLSM
Subnet Mask
Calculating Subnets using binary Representation
Activity
Basic Subnetting Process
Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM)

Allows efficient use of address space Allows the use of multiple subnet mask lengths Breaks up an address block into smaller blocks Allows for route summarization Provides more flexibility in network design Supports hierarchical enterprise networks

VLSM allows the use of different masks for each subnet. After a network address is subnetted, further division of those subnets creates sub-subnets.
Activity
Implementing VLSM Addressing
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:

VLSM Chart VLSM Circle
Using Classless Routing and CIDR
Classful and Classless Routing
Classful addresses consist of the three major classes of assignable IP addresses and an associated default subnet mask: Class A (255.0.0.0 or /8) Class B (255.255.0.0 or /16) Class C (255.255.255.0 or /24
Classful routing protocols, such as RIPv1, do not include the subnet mask in routing updates.

CIDR uses IPv4 address space more efficiently and for network address aggregation or summarizing, which reduces the size of routing tables. The use of CIDR requires a classless routing protocol, such as RIPv2 or EIGRP or static routing. The network subnet mask determines the network portion of the address. This is also known as the network prefix, or prefix length.
Classless routing protocols that can support VLSM and CIDR include interior gateway protocols RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF, and IS-IS. ISPs also use exterior gateway protocols such as Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). The difference between the classful routing protocols and classless routing protocols is that the classless routing protocols include subnet mask information with the network address information in the routing updates.
CIDR and Route Summarization

Route summarization is also known as route aggregation and occurs at a network boundary on a boundary router. Route summarization is synonymous with the term supernetting.
Activity.
Calculating Route Summarization
Discontiguous Subnets
To avoid this condition, an administrator can: Modify the addressing scheme, if possible Use a classless routing protocol, such as RIPv2 or OSPF Turn automatic summarization off Manually summarize at the classful boundary
Discontiguous Subnets
Subnetting and Addressing Best Practices
Using NAT and PAT
Private IP address space
Private addresses are available for anyone to use in their enterprise networks because private addresses route internally, they never appear on the Internet.
Private IP address space
Activity
NAT at the Enterprise Edge

NAT translates internal private addresses into one or more public addresses for routing onto the Internet. Using NAT on boundary routers improves security.
Static and Dynamic NAT
Static NAT maps a single inside local address to a single global, or public address.
Dynamic NAT uses an available pool of Internet public addresses and assigns them to inside local addresses
Using PAT
One of the more popular variations of dynamic NAT is known as Port Address Translation (PAT), also referred to as NAT Overload. PAT dynamically translates multiple inside local addresses to a single public address.
Using PAT
Using PAT
Using PAT
Using PAT
Summary

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Chapter 4 Addressing in an Enterprise Network

CCNA Discovery 4.0

Hc vin cng ngh thng tin Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Hc vin cng ngh thng tin Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Hc vin cng ngh thng tin Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Hc vin cng ngh thng tin Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Hc vin cng ngh thng tin Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Using hierarchical IP Network Address Scheme

Flat and hierarchical Networks

Flat and hierarchical Networks

Hc vin cng ngh thng tin Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Hierarchical Network Address

A hierarchical addressing structure logically groups networks into smaller subnetworks.

Hc vin cng ngh thng tin Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Using Subnetting to Structure the Network

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Hc vin cng ngh thng tin Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Hc vin cng ngh thng tin Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Calculating Subnets using binary Representation

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Calculating Subnets using binary Representation

Hc vin cng ngh thng tin Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Calculating Subnets using binary Representation

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Basic Subnetting Process

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Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM)

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Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM)

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Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM)

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Implementing VLSM Addressing

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Implementing VLSM Addressing

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Implementing VLSM Addressing

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Implementing VLSM Addressing

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Implementing VLSM Addressing

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Implementing VLSM Addressing

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Implementing VLSM Addressing

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Using Classless Routing and CIDR

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Classful and Classless Routing

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Classful and Classless Routing

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Classful and Classless Routing

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Classful and Classless Routing

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CIDR and Route Summarization

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