IndianNationalJuniorScienceOlympiad28/01/2012 Questions(INJSO2012) SectionA:Questions1to60aremultiplechoicewitheverycorrectanswercarrying1markand everywronganswercarrying0.25mark.

SECTIONA

1.Aloadistobemovedusingawheelbarrow.Thetotalmassoftheloadandwheelbarrowis60kg. Themagnitudeofgravitationalaccelerationis10ms2.

Whatistheworkdoneifthehandleisraisedby50cm? a) b) c) d) 35.0J 17.5J 175J 350J

2.Theelectrons,identifiedbyquantumnumbersnandlcanbeplacedinorderofincreasingenergy, fromthelowesttohighestas i.n=4&l=1 ii.n=4&l=0 iii.n=3&l=2 iv.n=3&l=1 a) b) c) d) iv<ii<iii<i ii<iv<i<iii i<iii<ii<iv iii<i<iv<ii

3.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofsecondarysuccession? a) b) c) d) Vegetationdevelopingonabarerock. Vegetationdevelopingfollowingforestfire. Fungusgrowingonabananapeel. Conversionofpondintoacropfieldbyhumans.

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IndianNationalJuniorScienceOlympiad28/01/2012 4.Intheprocessofelectrostaticinduction... a) b) c) d) aconductorisrubbedwithaninsulator. achargeisproducedbyfriction. negativeandpositivechargesareseparated. electronsaresprayedontheobject.

5.AwhitesaltisreadilysolubleinwaterandgivescolorlesssolutionwithpHofabout9.Thesalt wouldbe... a)NH4NO3 b)CH3COONa c)CH3COONH4 d)CaCO3 6.Twentyfivemicrograms(25g)ofDNAamountingfivemicromole(5mole)wascutusinga specificrestrictionenzymeintotwopieces.Subsequently,whenitwasanalyzedonanagarosegelit showedtwobandsof200bpand800bp.IfthelengthoftheoriginalDNAwas1000bp,Whichof thefollowingoptionsbestquantifieseachband?

200bpband mole a) b) c) d) 5 1 5 1 g 5 5 25 25 mole 5 4 5 1

800bpband g 20 20 25 25

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IndianNationalJuniorScienceOlympiad28/01/2012 7.Asphericalconvexlensofdiameter0.1mandpower3dioptreisusedtoproducetheimageofa candleflamekeptat0.4mfromthelensintwodifferentmethodsasshowninthefig.(frontview)

MethodA:5cmdiameterofthelensiscoveredatthecentrewithdarkpaperandtheperipheryof thelensisclear. MethodB:5cmatthecentreofthelensisclearandtheperipheryiscoveredwithdarkpaper. Whilethedistanceoftheflame(object)iskeptsame,whatdifferenceyouseeintheimage formation? a) b) c) d) MethodAproducesnoimageandBproducesanimage MethodAproducesanimageandBproducesnoimage Theimagedistanceinboththemethodsisthesame ImageduetoAappearsataslightlydifferentdistancethanduetoB.

8.Whenpressureisappliedtoequilibriumsystem, Ice(s) H2O(l) whichofthefollowingwillhappen? a) Moreicewillbeformed b) Waterwillevaporate c) Morewaterwillbeformed d) Therewillbenochange. 9.Studentsofbotanyclassexpressedthattheirclassisveryboring.NextdaySmitamadambrought afewbotanicalsamples.Sheaskedtheclasstogrouptheplantsaccordingtosomecriteria.They classifiedtheplantsandtabulatedtheirobservationsasinthetablebelow.Lookingatthis information,sheaskedthemtofindoutthecorrectsetbelongingtoPteridophyta&Algae respectively. Criteria Seedproduction Vasculartissues Flowers Cones Tissuedifferentiation Habit a)II&V I Notseen Absent Absent Absent Absent Amphibious b)II&I II Notseen Present Absent Present Present Terrestrial III Seen Present Absent Present Present Terrestrial IV Seen Present Present Absent Present Terrestrial d)II&III V Notseen Absent Absent Absent Absent Aquatic

c)III&V

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IndianNationalJuniorScienceOlympiad28/01/2012 10.Adirectcurrent(dc)motorisconnectedtoabatterybymeansoftwoleads.Themotormoves forslightlylessthanhalfthecycleandcomestohalt.Whichofthefollowingcomponentsis missing? a) b) c) d) oneofthebrushes commutator slipring oneofthetwomagnets

11.Sumitevacuatedacylinderandfilledin4gofgasAattemperature25C.Pressurewasfoundto be1atm.HisfriendVineet,filledanother8gofgasBinthecylinderatthesametemperature.The finalpressurewasfoundtobe1.5atm.TheratioofmolecularmassesofAandB(assumingideal gasbehaviour)is a)1:1 b)1:2 c)1:3 d)1:4

12.Chromosomesinmetaphasegetarrangedattheequatorialplate(seeFig.1).Whenthesecells aretreatedwithcolchicine,celldivisionisarrestedandthecellsneverenteranaphase.Ifwewereto compareacolchicinetreatedcellatmetaphaseandanuntreatedcellinthesamephase,wenotice thatchromosomesaremoredispersedanddonotarrangethemselvesontheequatorialplateinthe treatedcells(seeFig2.).

Usingthisinformation,whichofthefollowingwillbeaffectedbycolchicine? a) Centromere b) Spindlefiber c) Centriole d) Armsofchromosomes

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IndianNationalJuniorScienceOlympiad28/01/2012 13.Astudentconnectstwolampsinthecircuitshown.Theemfofthetwobatteriesisdifferent.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsarecorrect? i. Whenkeys1,2,3and4areclosed,bulbsAandBwillbothglow ii. Whenkey2and4areclosedbulbAwillglow iii. When1and4areclosed,bulbAwillglow iv. When2,3and4areclosed,bothAandBwillglow a) b) c) d) onlyii onlyiv i,iiandiv iiandiii

14.ApersonisstuckinAntarcticainashipwreck.Hedoesn'thaveanydrinkingwateravailable. Hefindsanethylene(CH2=CH2)cylindercontaining4.2gofethylene.Hedecidestoburnthis ethylenetomelt1kgoficeat10oC.Whenamoleofethyleneiscombusteditreleases340kcalof energy.Assuming,noheatislosttotheenvironment,theamountofwateravailablefordrinkingis... a) b) c) d) 1litre 575ml 900ml Itisnotsufficienttomelttheice

15.Agirlhasundergoneasurgeryforremovalofgallbladder.Whilebeingdischargedfromthe hospital,whichofthefollowingadvisewouldyougiveher,beingadoctor?Sheshould... a) b) c) d) takefoodlessinfats haveadietwithlessproteins takelesssugaryfruits takelessquantityofliquids

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IndianNationalJuniorScienceOlympiad28/01/2012 16.Aisatankfilledtoits75%withwater,BisaweighingbalanceandCisastonehungfroma stand.Iffig.1iscorrect,whatdoyouexpecttobethepositionofneedleinfig.2?

17.HaemophiliaandcolourblindnessarethedisorderscausedbyXchromosomelinkedrecessive gene.AwomanhasoneXchromosomehavinggeneforhaemophiliaandcolourblindness.Theother Xchromosomehaswildalleleforboththecharacters.Shemarriesamanhavingphenotypenormal forboththetraits.Whichofthefollowingstatementismostlikelyfortheprogeny? a) b) c) d) Alldaughtershaemophilicandcolourblind. 50%haemophilicsonsand50%colourblindsons. 50%haemophiliccolourblindsonsand50%normalsons. 25%haemophilicdaughtersand75%colourblindsons

18.LiquidstateofHeisdueto a) b) c) d) dipoledipoleinteraction iondipoleinteraction dipoleinducedipoleinteraction dispersionforces

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IndianNationalJuniorScienceOlympiad28/01/2012 19.Atransistorbasedradioreceiverset(effectiveresistanceoftheorderof18ohms)operatesona 9V(dc)battery.Ifthisbatteryisreplacedbyadcpowersupplywithrating9V,500Athen a)receiverwillworknormally b)receiverwillgivedistortedoutput c)receiverwillgetburnt d)powersupplywillgetoverheated 20.Dailychangesintheconcentrationofwhichhormonearerepresentedbythegraph. =arrowindicatingthetimeoffoodconsumption

a) b) c) d)

Thyroxine Glucagon Insulin Cortisol

21.Sulphurexhibitstwoallotropicformswhichareinterconvertible.Thesetwoallotropesofsulphur arerhombicandmonoclinicsulphur.Whenbothofthemareheatedinexcessofoxygen,rhombic sulphurreleases297.681kJwhereasmonoclinicsulphurreleases300.193kJofheat.Whichofthe followingstatementsistrue? a) Theheatoftransformationofrhombictomonoclinicsulphuris2.512kJ.Rhombicand monoclinicbothformSO2andSO3onoxidation. b) Theheatoftransformationofrhombictomonoclinicsulphuris+2.512kJ.Rhombic and monoclinic,bothformSO2onoxidation. c) Theheatoftransformationofrhombictomonoclinicsulphuris597.875kJ.Rhombicand monoclinic,bothformSO2andSO3onoxidation. d) Theheatoftransformationofrhombictomonoclinicsulphuris+597.875kJ.Rhombicand monoclinic,bothformSO2onoxidation.

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IndianNationalJuniorScienceOlympiad28/01/2012 22.Avibratorisgeneratingawaveonthesurfaceofwater.Anobjectxisfloatingonthesurface. Whichofthefollowinggraphs,ofthefloatingobjectis/arecorrect?

a) b) c) d)

i,iiandiv onlyii onlyiii iiandiii

23.Whichoneisnotanacidsalt? a)NaH2PO4b)NaH2PO2c)NaH2PO3d)Na3PO3 24.Whenoneglucosemoleculeundergoesoneturnofaerobicrespiration,38ATPmoleculesare produced.Cellularrespirationtakespartlyincytoplasmandpartlyinmitochondria.Duringthe process,someATPmoleculesareproducedinthecytoplasm,someinthemitochondrialmatrixand someintheoxysomesoncristae.MaximumnumberoftheseATPmoleculesisproducedin.... a) b) c) d) cytoplasm mitochondrialmatrix cytoplasmandmitochondrialmatrixtogether oxysomesoncristae

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25.Arippleiscreatedinwater.Theamplitudeatadistanceof5cmfromthepointwheretheripple wascreatedis4cm.Ignoringdamping,whatwillbetheamplitudeatthedistanceof10cm.

16 cm b) 8 cm c) 4 cm d) 2cm
a) 26.Theequilibriumconstantforthereaction N2(g)+O2(g) 2NO(g) 4 is4.0x10 at2000K.Inpresenceofacatalystequilibriumisattained10timesfaster.Therefore equilibriumconstantinpresenceofcatalystat2000Kis a) b) c) d) 40 104 4104 4102 noneofthese

27.Asnailcrawlingacrossaboardwillwithdrawintoitsshellwhenyoudropamarbleonthe board.Repetitionofdroppingmarblewillleadtoaweakerwithdrawactionandintheendthesnail willignorethemarbledropping.Whichofthefollowingtermsbestcapturesthephenomena? a) b) c) d) adaptationandimprinting conditioningandinsight learnedbehaviourandhabituation imprintingandhabituation

28.Inthefollowingcircuit,eachresistorhasaresistanceof15 ,andthebatteryhasane.m.f.of12 Vwithnegligibleinternalresistance.

WhenaresistorofresistanceRisconnectedbetweenD&F,nocurrentflowsthroughthe galvanometer(notshowninthefigure)connectedbetweenC&F.CalculatethevalueofR. a)10 b)15 c)5 d)30

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29.RealgasescanbedescribedbytheVanderWaalsequationas: (P+n2a/V2)(Vnb)=nRT. ThecompressibilityfactorforagasisdefinedbyZ=pV/RT.Whichofthefollowingstatementsis correct? a) b) c) d) WhenZ>1,realgasesaredifficulttocompressthantheidealgases. WhenZ>1,realgasesareeasytocompressthantheidealgases. WhenZ=1,realgasesaredifficulttocompressthantheidealgases. WhenZ<1,realgasesaredifficulttocompressthantheidealgases.

30.Nishawasfoundtobeaffectedwithageneticdisease.ThegeneticcounselorDr.Dasguptaasked hertogatherinformationaboutherlineage.Dr.Dasguptathenmadeapedigreechartforfour generationsbasedontheinformationprovidedbyNisha.Fromthefollowingpedigreechart,what canyouinferabouttheinheritancepatterninNisha'sfamily?

a) b) c) d)

Autosomaldominant Autosomalrecessive Xlinkeddominant Xlinkedrecessive

31.Consideragasenclosedinacylinderwithfrictionlesspiston.Whenthegasiscompressedat constanttemperaturebythepiston,thepressureofthegasincreases.Considerthefollowing statements: i. Theaveragespeedofthemoleculesincreases. ii. Therateatwhichthemoleculescollidewiththepistonincreases. iii. Themoleculescollidewitheachothermoreoften. Whichoftheabovestatement(s)is/arecorrect? a)ionly b)iiionly c)ii&iiionly d)allthreearecorrect

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32.SumitwenttoafunfairwithhisfriendsAmitandRohit.RohitandAmitwerescaredtositona merrygoroundandpreferredtostrollaround.Sumitwasveryexcitedwhenhecamedownthe merrygoround.HowwillthischangethepHofhisblood? a) b) c) d) increases decreases nochangeinpH pHlevelgetsadjustedat7

33.Whichofthefollowingstatement/sis/aretrueforMaize(Zeamays)? i.CO2isfixedonlyonceintheprocessofphotosynthesis ii.CO2isfixedtwiceintheprocessofphotosythesis iii.Itundergoestheprocessofphotorespiration iv.CO2canbefixedeveninverylowconcentrationsduringphotosynthesis. a)i&iii b)iionly c)i&iv d)ii&iv

34.Whitelightisincidentononeoftherefractingfacesofaprism.Insidetheprism, i.atnormalincidence,thebluelightslowsdownmorethanredlight ii.atnormalincidence,bluelightrefractssameasredlight iii.forobliqueincidence,bluelightbendsmorethanredlight iv.forobliqueincidence,bluelightslowsdownmorethantheredlight Whichoftheabovestatementsarecorrect? a) i&iv b) i,iii&iv c) ii,iii&iv d) i,ii,iii&iv 35.Allchemicalreactionswithdissociationcanbeoffollowingtype/s: i.reversibleii.irreversibleiii.endothermiciv.exothermic a)i,ii,iii b)ii,iii,iv c)i,iii,iv d)i,ii,iv

36.Polyomavirus(aDNAvirus)causestumorsin"nudemice"(nudemicedonothaveathymus, becauseofageneticdefect)butnotinnormalmice.Thebestinterpretationisthat... a) macrophagesarerequiredtorejectpolyomavirusinducedtumors. b) naturalkillercellscanrejectpolyomavirusinducedtumorswithouthelpfromT lymphocytes. c) Tlymphocytesplayanimportantroleintherejectionofpolyomavirusinducedtumors. d) Blymphocytesplaynoroleinrejectionofpolyomavirusinducedtumors.

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IndianNationalJuniorScienceOlympiad28/01/2012 37.Thecircuitgivenbelowisfortheoperationofanindustrialfan.Theresistanceofthefanis3 ohms.Theregulatorprovidedwiththefanisafixedresistorandavariableresistorinparallel.

12

Underwhatvalueofthevariableresistancesgivenbelow,powertransferredtothefanwillbe maximum?Thepowersourceofthefanisadcsourcewithinternalresistanceof6ohms. a)3 b)0 c) d)6

38.Allmutationsingeneticmaterialmaynotleadtochangeinaminoacidcomposition.Though thereisachangeinthecodon,itisnotexpressedintheaminoacids.Suchmutationsarecalledas silentmutations'.WhichofthefollowingalternationofcodonsATTGCCisNOTa'silent mutation'? a) ATCGCC b) ATTGCA c) ATTTGC d) ATCGCG 39.Adiverreleasesbubblesofgasfromthebottomofalake.Thebubblesincreaseto10timesof theiroriginalvolumewhentheyreachthesurface.Assumingthatthepressureexertedbyacolumn ofwaterof5mheightisdoubletheatmosphericpressure,thedepthofthelakeis... a) b) c) d) 45m 90m 80m 22.5m

40.ATPisknownasenergycurrencyofacell.ATPissynthesizedfromADPandPi.Thereaction iscatalyzedbyanenzymecalledasATPsynthase.Whentheenzymeandsubstrate(ADP)are distantinsidethecell,thereactioncannottakeplacespontaneously.Whichofthefollowing statementsbestexplainsthecausefortheATPsynthaseandADPtointeract? a) b) c) d) ElectronegativityofADPattractsATPsynthase ADPwillbeactivelypumpedtoATPsynthase RandommovementswillbringADPtoATPsynthase ADPandATPsynthasealwaysremainboundtooxysomes

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41.Asubmarineisfloatingonwater,halfsubmerged(positionA).ItisthenloweredtopositionB whereitsitsforawhile.LaterthesubmarineistakentopositionCandsubmarinewaitstherebefore itisfinallytakentotherestpositionatthebottomofthesea,whichispositionD.Assumethat densityofwaterandvalueofgissameeverywhere.

Whichofthefollowingiscorrectforbuoyancyforceatthe4places? a) FA<FB=FC=FD b) FA<FB<FC<FD c) FA<FB=FC<FD d) FA=FB=FC=FD 42.Glucose,acarbohydrate,isusedbycellsasaprimarysourceofenergyandmetabolic intermediate.If100gofglucoseisoxidized,itreleases1560kJofenergy.Manishisgiven100gof glucose.Manishutilizes50%ofthegainedenergyintheevent.Restoftheenergyisusedupinthe processofsweating(evaporation).HowmuchquantityofwaterManishhastodrinktocompensate forthissweating.Considerenthalpyofevaporationofwatertobe44kJ/mole. a) b) c) d) 319ml 345ml 2300ml 3300ml

43.10goficeat10Cisaddedto10gofwaterat85C.Whatisthefinaltemperatureandamount oficeleftinthesystem?(Systemiskeptinsideanidealinsulator). a) b) c) d) 0C,0g 0C,2g 37.5C,0g 37.5C,5g

44.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEforthecleavageinhumanzygote? a) b) c) d) Thenumberofcellsincreasebymitoticdivision. Theembryosizegoesonincreasingwitheverycleavage. Thevolumeofcytoplasmofeachcelldecreaseswitheverycleavage. Thecleavagestartswhentheeggisinthefallopiantube. HomiBhabhaCentreforScienceEducation

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45.Thediagramshowsaliftsysteminwhichtheelevator(massm1)ispartlycounterbalancedbya heavyweight(massm2).

Atwhatratedoesthemotorprovideenergytothesystemwhentheelevatorisrisingatasteady speedv?(g=accelerationoffreefall)(considerthepulleyasfrictionlessatthepivot) a) b) c) d) (m1+m2)gv (m1+m2)gv (m1m2)gv/(m1+m2) (m1m2)gv

46.Thefollowingreactionisatequilibriuminagivencylinderofconstantvolume. N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g) Additionofargongastothecylinderwill... a) b) c) d) reducetheformationofNH3withnochangeintemperatureoftheequilibriumsystem. IncreasetheformationofNH3withincreaseintemperature. reducetheformationofNH3withincreaseintemperature. increasetheformationofNH3withnochangeintemperatureoftheequilibriumsystem.

47.Aheartissaidtobemyogenicwhenithaspacemaker... a) b) c) d) originatinginmotornervespresentintheheartmuscles. originatinginmotornervespresentneartheheart. madeupofspecializedmuscletissuesandlocatedintheheartitself. madeupofspecializedmuscletissuesandlocatedneartheheart.

48.Aballooninitiallycontains7gofNitrogen,andthen14gofNitrogenisaddedtotheballoonto expanditsvolumeto12litreatthesametemperatureandpressure.Findtheinitialvolumeofthe balloon. a)8litreb)7litrec)5.6litred)4litre

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49.Whenalltheresistancesinthecircuitare1each,thentheequivalentresistanceacrosspoints A&Bwillbe:

a)5/6

b)1/2

c)2/3

d)1/3

50.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfoodchainsisFALSE? a) b) c) d) Asingleorganismcanfeedatdifferenttrophiclevels. Thelowerthetrophiclevelatwhichtheorganismfeeds,themoreenergyisavailable. Allorganismsthatarenotproducersareconsumers. Detritivoresfeedorganismsofalltrophiclevelsexceptthoseattheproducerlevel.

51.Amixtureof0.3molesofH2and0.3molesofI2areallowedtoreactin10litreevacuatedflaskat 500C.Thereactionis H2+I2 2HI Valueofkisfoundtobe64.TheamountofI2presentatequilibriumis a)0.15mole b)0.06mole c)0.03mole d)0.2mole

52.Inforensicscience,DNAfingerprintingisausefultechniquetotracegeneticidentity, relatednessandtissuematching.Whichofthefollowingmaterial/tissueDOESNOTfindanyusein DNAfingerprinting? a) b) c) d) Leucocytes Erythrocytes Sperms Saliva

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53.Acathoderayoscilloscope(CRO)isadevicewhichconvertselectricalsignalsintoanactive graphicalrepresentationonafluorescentscreen.Thexaxisisalwaystimeaxis,wherethe1cmis equaltoapresettimescalecalledtimebase.Asoundwaveisdisplayedonthescreenofacathode rayoscilloscope. ThetimebaseoftheCROissetat2.5ms/cm.

Whatisthefrequencyofthesoundwave? a) b) c) d) 50Hz 100Hz 200Hz 400Hz

54.Ifatthetopofamountainthetemperatureis0Candthepressureis0.934atmandatthebottom ofthemountain,thetemperatureis30Candthepressureis1atm.Theratioofdensity(considering theidealgassituation)ofairatthetop,tothatatthebottomofthemountainis: a) b) c) d) 1:1 1:1.4 1.04:1 1.5:1

55.TheAxolotllarvaofsalamanderiskeptinwaterwhereiodineisabsentthen... a) b) c) d) therewillbenoeffectonitsmetamorphosis. itwillmetamorphosebutremainsexuallyimmature. itwillfailtometamorphosebutbecomesexuallymature. itwillfailtometamorphoseandwillremainsexuallyimmaturealso.

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56.Aballisreleasedfromrestaboveahorizontalsurface.Thegraphshowsthevariationwithtime ofitsvelocity(nottoscale).Thescaleonthisgraphischangedateveryimpact.A,B,C,DandE representareas.Whichofthefollowingarecorrect?

a) b) c) d)

A=B&B=C A=C&C=E B=C&D=E alloftheabove

57.Whenacertainamountofethylene(C2H4)wascombusted,6226kJheatwasevolved.Ifheatof combustionofethyleneis1411kJ/mole,thevolumeofoxygenthatenteredintothereactionatSTP isnearly... a) 296ml b)296litre c)6226x22.4litre d)22.4litre

58.Acertainnetworkconsistsoftwoidealandidenticalvoltagesourcesinseriesandalarge numberofidealresistors.Thepowerconsumedinoneoftheresistorsis4Wwheneitherofthetwo sourcesisactiveandotherisreplacedbyashortcircuit.Thepowerconsumedbysameresistor whenbothsourcesaresimultaneouslyactivewouldbe: a) b) c) d) 0or16W 4Wor8W 0or8W 8Wor16W

59.Thesevencelledandeightnucleatedfemalegametophyteofanangiospermicplantisproduced asaresultof____________________divisionsoffunctionalmegaspore. a) b) c) d) threemitotic onemeioticandtwomitotic twomitotic onemeioticandthreemitotic

60.50mlammoniaundergoesoxidationwith60mlofoxygen.Ifthereactioncontinuesuntiloneof thegasesiscompletelyconsumed,thevolumeofwatervapourproducedwillbe: a) 48ml b)60ml c)72ml d)84ml

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SectionB:Questions61to68areof5markseach.Markswillalsobeindicatedinthequestionsif therearemorethanoneparttoit. SECTIONB(Longquestions) 61(a).Sachinwassufferingfromproblemofacidity,sohevisitedaphysicianwhoadvisedhimto take0.025dm3ofmilkofmagnesiaforafastrelief.Heexactlyfollowedwhatthedoctortoldhimto do.Outofcuriosityhesawthelabelonmilkofmagnesiabottleandhefoundthattherewere differentingredientswrittenonitandtheconcentrationofmilkofmagnesiamentionedwas29ppm. Assuming,thevolumeofmilkofmagnesiarequiredforneutralizationofacidisequaltointakeof milkofmagnesia,helpSachintofindoutthefollowing: i.HowmanymolesofacidwasproducedinSachinsstomach? ii.Writedowntheneutralizationreactionofthisprocess. iii.Calculatetheconcentrationofacidproducedinmol/dm .
3

(0.5mark) (0.5mark) (2marks) Total:3Marks

61(b).Eshatakesthreeflasks(A,B,C)withcolorlesscontents.WhenEshaaddedcontentofflask AtothatofflaskB,contentsofflaskBturnedpink.ThensheaddedcontentsofflaskBto contentsofflaskCthencontentsofflaskCturnedcolourless.Nowsheaddedcontentsofflask DtocontentsofflaskE(whichiscommonsalt)andthecolourofsolutioninflaskEchanged togreen.AccordingtoyouwhatispresentinflaskA,B,CandD. Total:2Marks 62(a).Iceexistsat20Cuptoheighth=10cminauniformcylindricalvessel(withnoairgaps). WaterattemperaturexCisfilledinanotheridenticalvesseluptothesameheighth=10cm. Now,waterfromsecondvesselispouredintofirstvesselanditisfoundthatlevelofuppersurface fallsthroughh=0.5cmwhenthermalequilibriumisreached. Neglectingthethermalcapacityofvessels,changeindensityofwaterduetochangeintemperature andlossofheatduetoradiation,calculatetheinitialtemperaturexCofwater. Usedensityoficeas0.8g/cc. Total:2Marks 62(b).Aballofmass10kg,movingat50ms1inNEdirectionisforcedtomoveat10ms1inSE directionin10secbyanapplicationofaconstantforce.Findtheforcevector(magnitudeandangle withrespecttoeast). Total:3Marks 63.ABAC=BCC.Find,withproof,allpossiblevaluesofA,B,andCifdistinctlettersrepresent distinctdigitsinbase10i.ethepossiblevaluesofA,B,Cbelongtotheset{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}. Total:5Marks HomiBhabhaCentreforScienceEducation
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IndianNationalJuniorScienceOlympiad28/01/2012 64.DNAisthegeneticmaterialinprokaryoticandeukaryoticorganisms.Theflowofgenetic informationisdepictedasfollows:

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DNAformsdaughterDNAmoleculesbyreplication.ItalsodirectssynthesisofproteinsviaRNA. ThedistancebetweentwosuccessivenucleotidesinaDNAmoleculeis3.4nm.Theaveragemass ofonenucleotideis330Daandtheaveragemassofoneaminoacidis110Da. Nowanswerthefollowingquestions: i.WhatwillbemassofadoublestrandedDNAmoleculeoflength34cm? (1mark) ii.Howmanybasesitwillhave? (1mark) iii.WhatwillbethelengthofmRNAtranscribedfromthepieceofDNA? (1mark) iv.WhatwillbethemassoftheproteinsynthesizedfromthispieceofDNA? (2marks) (HereassumethattheentireDNAsequenceistranscribedtoRNAandthensubsequentlyis translatedtoproteinwithoutlossofanysequenceornucleotide). Total:5Marks 65.Sunitawascheckingchemicalpropertiesofsomecompounds.Duringherexperiments,she observedthatwhensheheatedanorangesolid'A',sheobtainedcopiousamountsofagreenresidue 'B',acolourlessgas'C'andsomewatervapour.Shepassedthedrygas'C'overheatedMg,and obtainedawhitesolid'D'.Whenshetestedthewhitesolid'D',shefoundthatitreactedwithwater togiveapungentsmellinggas'E',whichformeddensefumeswithHCl.Canyouidentifythe substancesA,B,C,D,E?Givechemicalreactionsinsupportofyouranswer. Total:5Marks 66.Amicroscopeisconstructedfromanobjectiveoffocallength1cmandaneyepieceoffocal length5cm.Anobjectisplaced1.5cmformtheobjective.Ifthefinalimageisavirtualimage25 cmfromtheeyepiece, i.Calculatethedistancebetweenthefirstimageandtheeyepiece. ii.Calculatemaximumpossibleangularmagnification. iii.Calculatethedistancebetweenthetwolensesforthissetting. Leastdistanceofdistinctvisionforunaided,normalhumaneyeis25cm. Total:5Marks HomiBhabhaCentreforScienceEducation
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IndianNationalJuniorScienceOlympiad28/01/2012

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67.Theprocessthroughwhichanewspeciesemergesinapopulationiscalledspeciation.This processisoneofthemainsourcesforbiologicaldiversity.Evolutionarytheoriestrytoexplainhow newspeciesoriginate&developthroughdivergenceofgenepools.Studyoffossilrecordscan revealthecumulativeeffectsofspeciationovervasttractsoftime. Biologically,aspeciescanbedefinedasapopulationoragroupofpopulationswhosemembers havethepotentialtoinbreedinnature&producefertile&viableoffspringbutareunabletodoso withmembersofotherpopulation.Thus,membersofabiologicalspeciesareunitedbybeing reproductivelycompatibleatleastpotentially. Twobasicpatternsofevolutionarychangescanbenoted. 1.Anagenesisorphyleticevolution:Itistheaccumulationofchangesthatgraduallytransforma givenspeciesintoaspecieswithdifferentcharacters. 2.Cladogenesisorbranchingevolution:Itincludessplittingofagenepoolintotwoormore separatepoolswhichfurthercangiverisetooneormorenewspecies. Asbiologicalspeciesaredistinguishedbasedonreproductiveincompatibility,theconcepthinges onreproductiveisolationexistenceofbiologicalfactorsthatimpedemembersoftwospeciesfrom producingviable,fertilehybrids.Sometimes,onlyonebarriermaynotblockallgeneticexchange betweenspecies,butacombinationoffactorscaneffectivelyisolateaspeciesgenepool.These reproductivebarrierscanbeclassifiedintotwomaintypes,whicharefurtherclassifiedintovarious subtypesasgiveninthefollowingtable: IsolatingMechanisms Habitatisolation Temporalisolation Behavioralisolation DescriptionandExample/s PrematingMechanisms A species in the same locale may occupy different habitats. e.g. Pogostemonaquaticus isfoundinstagnatedwaterbodiesaswellas marshlands Speciesreproduceatdifferentseasonse.g. Delonix regia(Gulmohar) ordifferenttimesofday. Reproduction in a species is governed by specific patterns of behaviour.Inanimals,courtshipbehaviourdiffersortheyrespondto differentsongse.g.severalbirdspecies,calls,pheromonese.g.antsor othersignals. Physical barriers in reproductive organs/mechanisms in a species to prevent reproduction. e.g. Genetalia unsuitable for one another, Differentdiametersofstylartubeinsomeplantspecies PostmatingMechanisms Spermcannotreachorfertilizeegg.e.g.RatmousegametesinInsitu environments Fertilizationoccurs,butzygotedoesnotsurvivee.g.InSantalumspp (Sandalwood)zygotesabort Hybridsurvivesbutissterileandcannotreproducee.g.Maleligers (crossbetweenTigerandLion) HybridisfertilebutF2hybridhasreducedfitness.e.g.Inmostofthe hybridvarietiesofgardenflowers HomiBhabhaCentreforScienceEducation
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Mechanicalisolation

Gameteisolation Zygotemortality Hybridsterility F2fitness

IndianNationalJuniorScienceOlympiad28/01/2012 Studyingthisconcept,answerthefollowingquestions:

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i.Whichofthetwobasicpatternsofevolutionarychangesfromthosegivenabove,doyouthinkwill promotebiologicaldiversitybyincreasingnumberofspecies? ii.Whichofthefollowingstatementsis/areincorrect? a) b) c) d) Anagenesisistheonlyprocesswhichcangiverisetoformationofnewspecies Splittingofgenepooltakesplaceonlyincladogenesis. Cladogenesisistheonlyprocesswhichcangiverisetoformationofnewspecies. Anagenesisaswellascladogenesiscangiverisetoformationofnewspecies.

iii.Writewhetherfollowingstatementistrueorfalse. Fivespeciesoffrog(Ranaspp.)inaparticularregionshowtheperiodofmostactivemating differentforeachspecies.Thisisanexampleoftemporalisolation. iv.Identifythetypeofreproductivebarrierslistedinthefollowingexamples. a) Malefirefliesarerecognizedbyfemalesoftheirspeciesbypatternsoftheirflashings. b) Intropicalrainforests,manyanimalspeciesarerestrictedtoaparticularleveloftheforest canopy. Total:5Marks 68.Provethatthereareinfinitelymanyperfectsquaresendingin444. Total:5Marks ***************************************** SpaceforRoughWork

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IndianNationalJuniorScienceOlympiad28/01/2012 SpaceforRoughWork

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HomiBhabhaCentreforScienceEducation
TataInstituteofFundamentalResearch