livelihood

No. 12(v), February 2009 www.cifor.cgiar.org

Cc bn tin ca chng trnh sinh k CIFOR cung cp cc thng tin chnh xc, c th v c hi ng kim duyt thng qua tp trung vo nng cao i sng con ngi

CIFOR

Mt t v thng nhiu:
Xy dng nng lc hng ti cn bng gia bo tn v pht trin ti lu vc sng M kng

Bin son bi Mai Hong Yn v Terry C. H. Sunderland

Cn bng mc tiu bo tn v pht trin: mt t v thng nhiu

c a vo cc d n bo tn v pht trin ti lu vc sng M kng mc no, v nhng g phi cn nhc trong thit k v thc thi d n bo tn v pht trin. xem xt cc phng php tt nht trong thit k v thc thi d n, mt lot cc ti liu c r sot cng nh cc phng php phn tch a yu t trn din rng c p dng nhm tm hiu b cc gia im d n, thit k d n, cc hot ng ca d n v qun l d n. lm r hn, mt nghin cu im chuyn su s dng phng php nh tnh c thc hin ti Vn Quc Gia Ct Tin, Vit Nam nhm tm ra mt hng tip cn tm hiu cc yu t c th nh hng ti kh nng ngi dn k tha v gn kt vi c ch Chi tr dch v mi trng (PES), v t gip thit k c ch. Cc phng php tt nht s c nng cao thng qua tuyn truyn c s tham gia ca gii truyn thng v thng qua cc s kin trn cc din n khu vc v quc t v bo tn v pht trin. Trong khun kh d n, hai ti tin s v mt ti thc s nghin cu v cc vn lin quan v ang c cc nghin cu sinh ti trng i hc Charles Darwin, xtrylia thc hin nhm xy dng k nng v kin thc v hot ng bo tn.

Cc trng hp i bn cng c li, trong t c c hai mc tiu v bo tn v pht trin, dng nh ch l trng hp ngoi l ch khng mang tnh qui lut nht nh. Ngi dn khai ph rng v rng mang li thu nhp cho h, trong khi , bo v rng c th phi tr gi bng vic xo b cc li ch ca ngi dn. Vin cnh i bn cng c li, rt him thy, v cn bng gia nhng g c v mt trong bo tn v pht trin cn phi c nhn nh. Nhm xem xt nhng g c v mt trong bo tn v pht trin, cng nh tm hiu cc hng tip cn v cng c c th p dng sao cho mi cn bng ny c r rng v qua ln k hoch cho chng, Trung tm nghin cu Lm nghip Quc t (CIFOR) ang tin hnh mt d n nghin cu ko di ba nm (2006-2009) ti cc quc gia lu vc sng M kng (Campuchia, Lo v Vit Nam). Mc tiu ca chng ti nhm pht trin tt hn na cc cng c lng ghp bo tn v pht trin vi mc tiu h tr cc t chc trong qu trnh thit k v thc hin cc d n bo tn v pht trin cp cnh quan hiu qu hn. D n c thc hin thng qua hc hi cc thnh cng cng nh tht bi ca cc trng hp i trc v tm hiu mi cn bng v b tr ln nhau gia mc tiu sinh k v bo tn.

Cc im d n ca chng ti

Phng php tip cn

Mt trong nhng hot ng ca d n l nghin cu nhm xc nh cc phng php tt nht trong qu trnh thit k v thc thi d n c s lng ghp gia bo tn v pht trin (ICDPs). Nghin cu ny nhm nh gi xem cc phng php tt nht c nhiu ngi cng nhn

Nghin cu ny bao trm ba quc gia ti lu vc sng M kng, trong c Campuchia, Lo v Vit Nam (Hnh 1). Chng ti ang lm vic ti 15 khu vc cnh quan c bo tn, vi 5 im ti mi quc gia ti Campuchia, Lo v Vit Nam. iu kin chn im bao gm: a) t nht mt phn mc tiu bo tn tp trung vo rng; b) Qui m khu bo tn phi ln hn 10000 hcta; c) Phi c mt hoc nhiu d n qun l khu bo tn v lin i ti cc vng m; v d) im phi c d n hot ng t nht trong

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vng 5 nm tr li y (2003-2007). Cc th im c chn da trn kh nng tip cn v tin hnh thc a, thin lin kt ca cc t chc, v c s liu. Mt trong nhng im nghin cu nu trn, Vn Quc Gia Ct Tin Vit Nam, c chn nghin cu chuyn su v nhng g cn phi cn nhc khi p dng hng tip cn c s tham gia vo c ch PES, mt trong nhng cng c lng ghp bo tn v pht trin. Cc m hnh m phng, s dng chng trnh phn mm STELLA, cng s c s dng nhm tm hiu cc vin cnh c th xy ra trong tng lai cho bo tn ti 2 im, Vn Quc Gia Ct Tin ti Vit Nam v Khu bo tn a dng sinh hc Seima ti Campuchia. Nhng vin cnh ny s c tm hiu xem d n bo tn v pht trin mang li nhng li ch g v xut cc hng tip cn, v d nh bo tn da vo cng ng, hay l cc hng tip cn bo tn v chi tr cho cc dch v mi trng.

Vn Quc Gia Virachey, Campuchia nh: Luke Preece

Cc cnh quan bo tn c chn: Campuchia, Lo v Vit Nam

Vn Quc Gia Ct Tin, Nam Vit Nam Khu Bo tn thin nhin Sng Thanh, Trung Vit Nam Vn Quc Gia Bch M, Trung Vit Nam Vn Quc Gia Tam o, Bc Vit Nam Khu Bo tn thin nhin Vn Bn, Bc Vit Nam Khu Bo tn a dng sinh hc Seima, ng Campuchia Rng Bo tn min Trung Cardamom, Ty Nam Campuchia Rng Bo tn Mondulkiri, ng Campuchia Khu Bo tn ng vt hoang d Phnom Samkos, Ty Nam Campuchia Vn Quc Gia Virachey, ng Bc Campuchia Hnh lang a dng sinh hc Dong Hoa SaoXe Pian, Nam Lo Khu Bo tn Quc gia Nakai-Nam Theun, ng Lo Khu Bo tn Quc gia Nam Kading, Trung Lo Khu Bo tn Quc gia Nam Et-Phou Louey, Bc Lo Khu Bo tn thin nhin Bokeo, Bc Lo Hnh 1. Cc im nghin cu: 15 khu bo tn rng trong lu vc sng M kng

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Kt qu nghin cu ca chng ti
Thit k d n Cc phng php tt nht trong thit k d n lng ghp bo tn v pht trin ti Campuchia, Lo v Vit Nam
Cc kt qu t nghin cu cho thy, ni chung cc d n trong khu vc p dng tt cc ng dng trong thit k d n. D n thnh cng nht trong khu xc nh mc tiu cui cng, cho php cng ng s dng ti nguyn thin nhin, ghi nhn cc him ho t bn ngoi, v m bo chnh sch c mt ng h d n. Tuy nhin, cc d n thng khng ti s cn bng, t coi trng vic cung cp bng chng v sc kho v li ch kinh t bn vng cho cng ng a phng hoc t thy m t vic p dng phng thc qun l thch ng. Cc

No. 12(v)

February 2009

Da vo r sot ti liu v tin hnh phng vn, mt b gm 20 phng php tt nht (Hp thng tin 1) c s dng cho phn tch thit k d n.

Hp thng tin 1. Cc bin s c dng trong phn tch

1.

Xc inh r rng, cc mc tiu c th lng c 2. Lm r mc tiu cui cng: bo tn v/ hoc pht trin 3. Cp cnh quan 4. Lu ti cc yu t c v mt 5. t c cc li ch r rng v kinh t bn vng hoc sc khe cng ng 6. Cc him ho t bn ngoi 7. Lm vic vi nhiu cp khc nhau 8. Cc him ho a phng v hng gii quyt 9. Ln k hoch a ngnh 10. Chnh sch ng h can thip

11. S tham gia nhiu hn ca cng ng 12. Xy dng nng lc vi cc t chc v on th a phng 13. Ghi nhn tnh khng ng nht ca cng ng 14. Hiu bit r v sinh k a phng 15. Cho php s dng cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin 16. Tip cn th trng 17. Nhp c 18. Qun l thch ng 19. di d n 20. Gim st v nh gi

Hnh 2. im trung bnh cho cc bin s

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d n cp cnh quan c xu hng lu ti cc him ho t bn ngoi nhm trin khai h thng gim st v nh gi hiu qu, xong vn khng t c mt s cc kha cnh sinh k trong thit k d n bo tn v pht trin. Cn bng gia bo tn v pht trin ch mi c cp ti bi cc d n bo tn gn y (Hnh 2).

Cc hot ng chnh ca cc t chc

C ba hot ng chnh m cc t chc ti cc im nghin cu ang tin hnh l: Bo tn (thc thi lut php, phn chia ranh gii, vvv), Pht trin (sinh k, gio dc, pht trin c s h tng) v Xy dng th ch (lut php, iu l, qui hoc s dng t v xy dng nng lc chuyn mn) (Hp thng tin 3).

Thng ip: Cc d n cn lu cc phng php tt nht ny trc khi trin khai d n mi, c th t c thnh cng hn na trong lng ghp nhim v bo tn v pht trin ca mnh.

Tp trung ca d n

Thc thi d n Cc chin lc cn bng gia bo tn v pht trin ti Campuchia, Lo v Vit Nam
Mc tiu trc tin ca cc t chc bo tn l bo tn a dng sinh hc thng qua gim thiu cc mi him ho (Hp thng tin 2). Tuy nhin h phi hot ng trong mt mng li cc bn lin quan khc nhau vi cc k vng khc nhau. Do , thc hin ng thi cc chng trnh pht trin v m phn thnh cng vi cc nhm quan tm l vn thit yu.

Kt qu bc u ca chng ti cho thy cc d n tp trung c bit vo bo tn hoc pht trin thng c xu hng thnh cng hn cc d n lng ghp (Hnh 4). T cho thy tp trung vo mt hot ng c th tng cng kt qu (mt chin lc chuyn mn ho). Khi d n tp trung t hn vo bo tn, kt qu nhm vo cc mc tiu bo tn gim st, tng t vi cc d n tp trung hn vo bo tn, kt qu nhm vo cc mc tiu pht trin suy gim. Cc d n pht trin cng cho kt qu ging nh vy. Hot ng ca cc d n chuyn mn ho bo tn hoc pht trin khng b dn tri ging cc d n thc hin c hai mc tiu. Nhng d n nh vy thng c xu hng thc hin nhiu hot ng cng mt lc v do h tp trung rng hn vo mt chui cc kt qu u ra ca d n.

Hp thng tin 2. Cc him ho chnh i vi a dng sinh hc ti 15 im nghin cu Sn bn c xp hng cao nht trong 15 im d n, tip theo l cht ly g, xm ln ly t cho nng nghip, pht trin c s h tng v ho hon. Khai m v p ngn nc xp hng thp hn nhng ti mt s khu vc li chim v tr kh cao, c bit ti mt s im ti Campuchia v Lo. Cc him ho mang tnh quc gia c xp hng thp nht; trong Vit Nam i mt vi vn nhim v cc loi mi xm nhp, v Campuchia l cc vn v tc ot t (Hnh 3).
i m trung bnh cc hi m ho trong 15 i m nghin c u 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0

Hnh 3. im xp hng trung bnh cc him ho ti tnh a dng sinh hc ti 15 im nghin cu, vi lch tiu chun. Tnh ton da trn thang 1-10 im; 1 = t u tin nht; 10 = u tin nht

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Hp thng tin 3. Cc chin lc m cc d n ti im p dng nhm khc phc cc him ho ti tnh a dng sinh hc Bo tn: l u tin hng u trong vic kim sot khai thc lm sn (v d nh sn bn, cht ly g, xm ln ly t cho nng nghip v thu hoch lm sn ngoi g). Mt s cc t chc lm vic ti cc im hu nh ch tp trung vo bo tn, h tin hnh cc hot ng nh o to thc thi php lut, bo tn v gim st mi trng v cc loi tp trung. Pht trin a phng: bao gm cc hot ng gio dc (u tin vo gio dc mi trng v nng cao hiu bit), h tr sc kho, pht trin c s h tng, to thu nhp cho ngi dn a phng thng qua cung cp cc hot ng to thu nhp khc v o to cc thc hnh nng nghip v qun l ti nguyn. Xy dng th ch: th hin qua cc bin s nh qui hoch s dng t v pht trin th ch, cng l mt b phn quan trng trong hot ng ca cc d n. Cc chng trnh thng hot ng nhm pht trin cc lut l cp quc gia v a phng v kim sot cc hnh vi mua bn ng vt hoang d v g, qui hoch s dng t v cc quyn s hu t cho ngi dn a phng (vi mc tiu gim hin tng tc ot t), v xy dng nng lc chuyn mn cho cn b nh nc.
l v m phn. Nh nc gi vai tr qun l ti c 15 im, h thng lin kt vi cc t chc quc t, nhng ngi cung cp h tr chuyn mn v ti chnh. 14 trong s 15 d n bo tn ti im lin kt vi cc t chc phi chnh ph. Qun l gn kt vi bo co, c ch gim st v nh gi. m phn, bao gm tham gia ca ngi dn a phng, lin kt vi cc t chc khc v tham vn vi nhiu bn lin quan khc nhau.

No. 12(v)

February 2009

3 B ot n i m trung bnh cc k t qu Pht tri n

B ot n

B o t n_ Pht tri n

L ng ghp

Pht tri n_ B ot n

Pht tri n

Hnh 4. Cc kt qu ca mc tiu bo tn a dng sinh hc v pht trin sinh k ca cc d n tp trung vo bo tn, pht trin hoc kt hp c hai

Cc hot ng cn bng bo tn v pht trin

Cc chin lc ca cc d n ti lu vc sng M kng c xu hng cn bng gia bo tn v pht trin. Nu d n thc hin cc hot ng pht trin in hnh nh pht trin h tng c s, cung cp cc khuyn khch kinh t a phng v gio dc, h dng nh t thc hin cc nghin cu, thc thi php lut hoc cc hot ng trc tip v bo tn. Tuy nhin, bo tn v pht trin v thc cht lun gn kt vi nhau do bt k hot ng bo tn no ca cc t chc cng c nh hng ti sinh k ti a phng v ngc li.

Thng ip: Cc t chc bo tn, cc t chc pht trin thng t c cc mc tiu m h ra, nhng h t t c kt qu khi phi kt hp c hai mc tiu do h phi dn tri trn nhiu lnh vc v thc hin nhiu hot ng cng mt lc. lng ghp thnh cng bo tn v pht trin trn cp cnh quan, mt c ch m phn trong c s tham gia, hp tc v tham vn cn phi c lng ghp vo qu trnh, c kt t chuyn mn, hoc chuyn ngnh, ca cc bn lin quan.

Lng nghe ting ni t a phng v PES: mt nghin cu in hnh ti Vit Nam v lm th no v cn nhc kha cnh no t cng ng a phng khi thit k c ch PES v ngi ngho

Kt qu ca d n nhm t c cc mc tiu
Kt qu ca cc d n trong nghin cu ca chng ti ph thuc vo cc vn lin quan n qun

PES c coi l mt trong nhng cng c tim nng cung cp cc khuyn khch cho bo tn. Trong nhng nm gn y c nhiu mi quan tm nhit tnh ti khi nim PES. N c coi nh mt hng tip cn yu cu v kim sot khc

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trong qun l ti nguyn thin nhin. Trong khi c coi nh mt la chn khc cho cc hng tip cn gin tip, v d nh lng ghp bo tn v pht trin, nhng c ch nh vy c tin on s l cng c duy nht nhm t c c hai mc tiu bo tn v pht trin. Mc du vy, nng cao c hi lng ghp bo tn v pht trin, tham gia ca ngi dn mt cch c ngha l mt trong nhng tiu ch. Vic loi tr cng ng dn ngho trong thit k nhng c ch nh vy, bao gm PES, c th dn ti khng t c hiu qu v tht bi.

Khu Bo tn Quc gia Nam Et-Phou Louey, Lo nh: Terry Sunderland

Thn 3

Mt nghin cu c s tham gia c thc hin ti Vn Quc Gia Ct Tin, ni m c ch pht trin PES c cn nhc. Nghin cu tp trung vo mt x ti vng m v mt x ti vng li (Hnh 5) nhm tr li cu hi lm th no v nhng kha cnh no t cng ng a phng nn c cn nhc khi thit k c ch PES v ngi ngho. Cch nhn nhn v thng tin thu thp t nhng ngi cung cp dch v tim nng c th c ch i vi cc t chc ang xem xt kh nng gii thiu v thc hin c ch PES ti Vn Quc Gia Ct Tin, v c th ti nhng khu bo tn khc. Thu thp v phn tch kt qu nghin cu da vo phn tch ba c cu nh gi ngi dn a phng v: Kh nng tham gia vo PES (bao gm nng lc v ngun lc ca cng ng); Thin tham gia vo PES; v Gn kt vi PES1 (Hp thng tin 4). Hiu qu

Thn 4

Hnh 5. Bn Vn Quc Gia Ct Tin v a im ca hai x trong nghin cu (Ngun: Vn Quc Gia Ct Tin)
1 C ch th nht c c kt t M hnh Sinh k bn vng ca Carney 1998 (Carney, D. (1998). Sustainable rural livelihoods: what contribution can we make?, DFID, London (1998)). C ch th hai c rt ra t mt l thuyt v nhn thc pht trin bi Leeuwis 2002 trong (Leeuwis, C. (2002) Making explicit the social dimensions of cognition. In Leeuwis and, C. and Pyburn, R. (eds) Wheelbarrows full of frogs. Social learning in rural resource management, Koninklijke Van Gorcum, Netherlands. 391-406).

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Thi n tham gia (d a vo quan i m c a ng i dn) Nng l c & ngu n l c c ng ng (v d cc ngu n l c c ng ng )

No. 12(v)

February 2009

m phn & tho hi p v cc l a ch n v i u ki n c a ng i dn

Kh nng tham gian vo PES

Cung c p h tr t bn ngoi (nh m pht tri n nng l c & ngu n l c c ng ng)

Th c thi c ch PES

- nng l c & ngu n l c tho ng - nh n c cc l i ch (& nh gi l i ch)

- t c cc mong mu n/l a ch n

Kh nng g n k t

Hnh 6. Cc yu t nh hng ti kh nng gn kt ca ngi cung cp tim nng vi PES

ca thit k c ch PES c th c nng cao thng qua phn tch kt qu t cc c ch ny. y, chng ta c th ch r cc yu t kim ch, cng nh cc yu t cho php, hng dn nhng ngi xut PES nhm m bo thit k hp nht cc qu trnh v cc c im nng cao kh nng gn kt lu di vi PES v do , nng cao tnh bn vng ca cc chng trnh PES (Hnh 6). Nghin cu xut: m phn trc v sau khi thc hin PES l quan trng nhm gii thch r rng v cc n p v iu kin, mong mun t cc bn, nhm gip ngi dn gn kt hn vi PES;

Mt c ch PES c th hot ng tt hn nu ngi mua l cng ty hoc t chc c nhn, hn l nh nc nhm trnh suy ngh rng PES l mt hnh thc phc li; Cc bn trung gian ng vai tr quan trng trong cung cp cc h tr t bn ngoi trong c ch PES; PES v cc d n lng ghp bo tn v pht trin c th b tr cho nhau kh tt trong bi cnh v ngi ngho, do nhng yu t cn tr ngi dn a phng tham gia vo PES thng ging vi nhng yu t c u tin trong cc hng tip cn gin tip nhm pht trin.

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Hp thng tin 4. Cc c ch nhm tm hiu ting ni ca ngi ngho tham gia vo PES Kh nng tham gia vo PES (nng lc v ngun lc ca cng ng) t c ci nhn su rng vo hng lot cc yu t kim ch hoc cho php kh nng (v iu kin) ca ngi dn tham gia vo PES. iu ny c th t c thng qua xc nh su ngun lc (c kt t m hnh sinh k bn vng): thin nhin (v d nh cht lng nc v mu m ca t); con ngi (v d nh gio dc v sc kho); x hi (v d nh cc t chc truyn thng v mc lng tin); c s vt cht (v d nh nh ca v ng x); vn ho (v d nh tm linh, gn kt vi thin nhin, bn sc vn ho); v ti chnh (v d nh tip cn vn, tit kim v dng tin mt). Thin ch tham gia vo PES Mt lot cc quan im c bn lin quan n nhu cu, mong mun v gi tr cng ng c th nh hng ti thin ch ca ngi dn tham gia vo PES. Thin ch bao gm nhng yu t lin quan ti nng lc v ngun lc cn thit cho PES, li ch t PES, v hiu bit ca ngi dn v PES. Nhng quan im v hiu bit ny v PES c th, ngc li, hnh thnh nhng thch v mong mun c tham gia vo PES v t l thin ch tham gia. Gn kt vi PES Kh nng gn kt c quyt nh mt phn bi nng lc v ngun lc thc t c trong cng ng. Mc du vy, gn kt cng ph thuc rt nhiu vo quan im ca ngi dn v nng lc v ngun lc m h c, v nhng n p v yu cu v thi gian v cc ngun lc khc ca h (phn nh bi thin ch tham gia). Sau khi tham gia, thin ch ca ngi dn c th suy gim hoc tng ln, do thay i quan im ca h v cc yu t trn, v d cc n p, nng lc c nhn v cc ngun cn thit. Gn kt vi PES cng c th ph thuc vo khu thit k c lng ghp cc h tr nng cao nng lc cng ng hoc cc ngun lc hay khng trong nhng khu vc nhn thy cn phi c h tr trc khi bt u c ch.

Khu Bo tn Quc gia Nam Et-Phou Louey, Lo nh: Luke Preece

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Hp thng tin 5. Mt s cc cn nhc khi thit k PES ti Vn Quc Gia Ct Tin Cc yu t kim ch m ngi dn c hai thn (c bit l vng li) cho l cn thiu, c lit k sau y: Quyn t qun ca cng ng v c lp; Chuyn mn, k nng c vit v m (v thng thng/qun l tin bc); Trao quyn; Quyn quyt nh; Tip cn vi th trng; Ngun vn; Mng li bn ngoi; Ni i din cng ng; Nim tin vo cn b v nhm on th nh nc; Tip cn vi trang thit b v cng c; T lnh hi mt cch hiu qu. Cc yu t cho php: c th bao gm tnh mun c thay i ca ngi dn; ci m trong thay i cc hot ng sinh k; gn kt vi thin nhin v gi tr rng v cc loi ng vt hoang d; v cc hot ng o l tch cc. iu kin tham gia vo PES ca cng ng a phng Cc iu kin quan trng nht Khng phi di ri n cc khu vc khc (c bit l ngi tham gia vng m); Mi ngi mong mun c tch cc to thm k sinh nhai (khng mun ngi chi); Tip tc tip cn vi ti nguyn rng cho s dng trong gia nh - mc thp; Mt c ch PES phi to ra thu nhp (v vic lm ti x vng m) hn l ch thng qua cc hot ng sinh k. iu kin quan trng tip theo Tin nn c giao cho mt ngi ng tin cy (c chn bi ngi a phng); t nhm v tng lp nn tham gia; Tng cng trao i v minh bch gia cng ng v cn b; Ngi bn a c ting ni v quyn quyt nh hn; n p nn kt hp cc loi khuyn khch (tin v cc loi vt cht khc, nh go); n p nn c tr thng xuyn. Cn cu hiu qu Ngi dn mun c bn rn v nu h c c hi vic lm, h s t c kh nng c thi gian (hoc nhu cu tin bc) tham gia vo cc hot ng rng tri php.

No. 12(v)

February 2009

Thng ip: Kt qu nhn mnh tm quan trng ca ba yu cu chnh trong thit k c ch PES v ngi ngho, trong cn c: 1) tin hnh cc nghin cu su rng - tm hiu bi cnh v cc quan im thng thng ca ngi cung cp a phng; 2) tp trung vo nghin cu cht lng c kt t cc cng c c s tham gia v bi hc t x hi v pht trin nng thn; v 3) cn nhc kh nng lai tp c ch PES (nh trong c ch kt hp khi nim PES vi cc hng tip cn gin tip nh cc d n lng ghp bo tn v pht trin.)

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l i ve l i ho o d
Hng i tip theo
Mt th h mi ca cc d n lng ghp bo tn v pht trin, p dng cc hng tip cn khc nhau gi l tip cn cnh quan v tip cn h sinh thi, ang c thc hin nhm ch ra cc vn lin quan n bo tn a dng sinh hc v ci thin sinh k. Tuy nhin, cn phi c nhng suy ngm su sc v thit k v thc thi d n sao cho chc chn t c kt qu bo tn v pht trin mt cch thnh cng. Da vo cc kt qu nu trn, chng ti xut cc d n nn: 1. c thc hin cc cp khc nhau; 2. ch ra c vn cn bng bo tn v pht trin thng qua xc nh chng, cung cp nn tng cho m phn cc bn v s dng cc cng c nh chi tr cho dch v mi trng (PES) nhm to khuyn khch cho bo tn; 3. ch trng hn vo kha cnh t chc v th ch trong thc hin; 4. quan tm nhiu hn ti cc yu t dn ti thay i t khu vc bn ngoi v khng a phng; 5. s dng phng thc qun l thch ng (tng ng vi cc hng tip cn bi hc x hi); v 6. lng ghp cc tip cn hnh ng c s tham gia. Kt hp, kt qu, thi gian, hnh thi v cht lng ca cc can thip ti cc qui m khc nhau s l quan trng gy nh hng ti u ra sn phm. CIFOR v cc i tc lm vic v ti ny rt quan tm ti vic khm ph cc trng hp trong c th iu ho cc mc tiu bo tn v pht trin ti cc cnh quan rng, c bit l ti cp sinh thi hoc cnh quan. Nghin cu ca chng ti tp trung vo xc nh cc trng hp i bn cng c li, cc bi cnh khin chng c th pht trin song song, v lm th no nhn rng.

Li cm n

Bn tm tt ny c bin son t nghin cu thc hin bi Elizabeth (Betsy) Hill, Lisa Petheram, Luke Daniel Preece, Barbara Herrero Cangas, Ramadhani Achdiawan, Terry Sunderland, Manuel Ruiz Perez, Bruce Campbell v Natasha Stacey.

Vn Quc Gia Bch M, Vit Nam - nh: Luke Preece

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li veli h ood
i tc v cc bn lin kt
Tn im Vn Quc gia Ct Tin (CTNP) Khu Bo tn thin nhin Sng Thanh (STNR) Vn Quc gia Bch M (BMNP) Vn Quc gia Tam o (TDNP) Khu Bo tn thin nhin Vn Bn (VBNR) Khu Bo tn a dng sinh hc Seima (SBCA) Khu Bo tn rng Trung Cardamom (CCPF) Khu Bo tn rng Mondulkiri (MPF) Khu Bo tn ng vt hoang d Phnom Samkos (PSWS) Vn Quc gia Virachey (VNP) Hnh lang a dng sinh hc Dong Hoa Sao-Xe Pian Quc gia Vit Nam Vit Nam Vit Nam Vit Nam Vit Nam Campuchia Campuchia Campuchia Campuchia Campuchia Lo Qun l d n Ban qun l CTNP Ban qun l STNR Ban qun l BMNP Ban qun l TDNP Ban qun l VBNR Ban iu hnh rng Ban iu hnh rng Ban iu hnh rng B mi trng v Ban qun l PSWS D n a dng sinh hc v qun l bo tn (BPAMP) WWF thng qua sng kin hnh lang a dng sinh hc ca ngn hng pht trin Chu thi bnh dng (tn im - BCI) Ban qun l ngun nc v bo v Nam Theun 2 (WMPA) Cc Lm nghip Cc Lm nghip Gibbon Experience Wildlife Conservation Society Wildlife Conservation Society GTZ Fauna and Flora International Wildlife Conservation Society Conservation International WWF Campuchia Fauna and Flora International WWF Qung Nam H tr k thut

No. 12(v)

February 2009

Khu Bo tn Quc gia NakaiNam Theun (NNT) Khu Bo tn Quc gia Nam Kading (NKD) Khu Bo tn Quc gia Nam Et-Phou Louey (NEPL) Khu Bo tn thin nhin Bokeo (BOK)

Lo Lo Lo Lo

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February 2009

No. 12(v)

l i ve l i ho o d

y l d n nghin cu trong vng ba nm (2006 2009) do Trung tm nghin cu lm nghip Quc t thc hin ti cc quc gia lu vc sng M kng (Campuchia, Lo v Vit Nam). D n ny c ti tr bi qu MacArthur. Xut bn: Trung tm nghin cu Lm nghip Quc t (CIFOR) Bn quyn: Trung tm nghin cu Lm nghip Quc t (CIFOR) Thit k v trnh by: Vidya Fitrian, CIFOR Bogor, Innxia In ti: Cng ty trch nhim hu hn Sao Thy (Deejsc), H Ni Thng tin c th c tm ti:

Tr s chnh CIFOR

Jl. CIFOR Situgede P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD Bogor 16000 Indonesia in thoi: +62 251 8622 622 Fax: +62 251 8622 100 Hm th in t: cifor@cgiar.org

Vn phng CIFOR Vit Nam

Phng 302, 17T5 Trung Ha Nhn Chnh H Ni, Vit Nam in thoi: +84 4 62510830 Fax: +84 4 62510830 a ch hm th: icraf-vn@cgiar.org

Trang in t: www.cifor.cgiar.org

Vic chn cc im a l trong bn tm tt ny, v cc ti liu trnh by, khng c ng no khc v lut php ca bt k quc gia, lnh th hoc khu vc, hoc quyn lin quan n vic phn nh ranh gii hoc ng bin ca cc vng lnh th quc gia , v khng th hin bt k kin no khc ca CIFOR hoc cc t chc tham gia lin quan.

CIFOR
Trung tm nghin cu Lm nghip Quc t (CIFOR) thc y cc tin b con ngi, bo tn mi trng, v cng bng thng qua tin hnh nghin cu cung cp thng tin v chnh sch v cc ng dng nh hng n lm nghip ca cc quc gia ang pht trin. CIFOR l mt trong 15 trung tm thuc Nhm t vn nghin cu Nng nghip Quc t (CGIAR). Tr s chnh ca CIFOR t ti Bogor, Innxia. Trung tm cng c vn phng ti Chu , Chu Phi v Chu M La Tinh. CIFOR hot ng trn 30 quc gia trn ton th gii v c mng li lin kt vi cc nh nghin cu ti 50 t chc quc t, khu vc v trong nc. www.cifor.cgiar.org

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