(.

)
2544

2 2

.
.

( )


(.)

3 ( 13) 4 ( 46)
2544
3 4
3
6 1
1 2 1 1 2 2
2 1 3 2 3

2 2 3

()

( )

2 2

1.

2.
3.



3
4.

1)


2)
6
3)

5.







6.

7.

1.

2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.


2
2

12

18

12

18

60

1.1

1.2

1.3

2.1

1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
5
6
13
26
26
27
27
27
27
27

2.2

2.3

2.4

3.1

3.2

4.1

28
28
28
29
29
29
31
31
31
31
32
44
47
47
48
48
48
48
48
49
49
49
49
52
57
62
62
63
63
63
63

4.2

4.3

4.4

65
65
65
66
67
67
67
69
69
69
72
91
94

 1
(12 )
1.1
1.2
1.3

(2 )
(5 )
(5 )

1.
2.
3.

1.1 (2 )

1.
2.

1.1

1.

2.

c2 = a2 + b2 a, b c


3.

c2 = 49 c c
c = 7
4. 1.1

1.2 (4 )

1.

2.

1.2 1.2

1.







1.2 1.2

2.

3.

4.
1

4
c a b
2
1
n 1 a = n b = n 1
2
2
c = n +1
2
a=n
3
5
7
9
11
13
.
.
.
2

2
n
c = 2+ 1
5
13
25
41
61
85
.
.
.

a:b:c
3:4:5
5 : 12 : 13
7 : 24 : 25
9 : 40 : 41
11 : 60 : 61
13 : 84 : 85
.
.
.

n 1 a = 2n b = n2 1 c = n2 + 1
n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
.
.
.

2
n
b = 2 1
4
12
24
40
60
84
.
.
.

a = 2n
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
.
.
.

b = n2 1 c = n2 + 1
3
5
8
10
15
17
24
26
35
35
48
50
63
65
.
.
.
.
.
.

a:b:c
4 : 3 : 5 3 : 4 : 5
6 : 8 : 10 3 : 4 : 5
8 : 15 : 17
10 : 24 : 26 5 : 12 : 13
12 : 35 : 35
14 : 48 : 50 7 : 24 : 25
16 : 63 : 65
.
.
.

1.3 (4 )

1.
2.

1.3

1.
13 13

3, 4 5

2.
c2 = a2 + b2 a, b c

3.

4.

5.

6. 1.3 3
7

6
7. 1.3

1.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

5
4
6.5
10
13

2.

1
2
3
4
5

a
3
2.4
2.5
6
5

b
4
3.2
6
8
12

c
5
4
6.5
10
13

a2
9
5.76
6.25
36
25

b2
16
10.24
36
64
144

c2
25
16
42.25
100
169

a2 + b2
25
16
42.25
100
169

c2 = a2 + b2

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

d2
x2
p2
102
252
x2

=
=
=
=
=
=

e2 + f2
y2 + z2
q2 + r 2
62 + a2
b2 + 242
52 + 122

1.1
1.
1) 15
3) 29
5) 1.3

2) 61
4) 1.7
6) 7 25 7.4

1) 16
3) 0.5

2) 25
4) 2.0

1) 36
3) 9

2) 132
4) 10.8

2.

3.

1. ABCD = a2
BEFG = b2
2.
D

c
3

A b H

G
2

4 F

1) HEF H E F
2) HE = a

AE = AB + BE
= a+b

AH = b
()

HE = AE AH
= a+bb
HE = a

3) EF = b
EF BEFG b
(...)
4) DAH HEF
5) HF = c ( )
3.

1) 1 = 2

( )

2) 1 + 3 = 90o
3) 2 + 3 = 90o

4) D H F = 90o
4.
3

C2

A
1)
2)
3)

4
4

F
b
E

G FI = EFH = 4

( G F I E F H )

G F H + E F H = 90o

()

G F H + G F I = 90o

()

H F I

9
4)

CDI = 1

A D C = 1 + H D C = 90o

H DI = CDI + H DC

()

H D I = A D C = 90o

()

H D I

(
)

5)

( C D I H D A )

FIG = 2

( F I G

EHF)

DIC = 3

( D I C

AHD)

FIG + DIC = 2 + 3

()

2 + 3 = 90o

( 3 3))

F I G + D I C = 90o

()

D I F

DHFI DHFI D H F = H F I = H D I = D I F = 90o

DH = HF = FI = ID = c
6. HEF DAH DHFI
ABCD BEFG

5.

C
c

10

PQRS = 12 12 = 144

1.2
1. 13
2. 7.2
3. 84
4.
1) 17
2) 60
3) 7.06
5. 22
6.
1) 6
2) 2.5
7. 24

1.
2.
3.

11

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

6
6
9
7
6
1.4
2 12
4

(7)

(8)

a +b

10
8
12 13
12 15
13 14
6.25 7.25
3.6 4
6 6 12
6.5 8.5

a2 + b2 c2

36 + 64
36 + 144
81 + 144
49 + 169
36 + 39.025
1.96 + 12.96
25 + 36
4
16 + 42.25

ABC

100
169
225
196
52.5625
16
169
4
72.25

1. c2 < a2 + b2 A C B < 90o

2. c2 > a2 + b2 A C B > 90o

1.3
1. 1) 4) 6)
2.
1) ABC

A
24

18

32

AB2 = 242 + 182 =

AC2 = 242 + 322 =

AB2 + AC2 = 900 + 1600 =

BC2 = (18 + 32)2 =

BC2 = AB2 + AC2

ABC

900
1600
2500
2500

12
2) ABC
A
60

25

=
AB2 = 252 + 602
AC2 = 602 + 1442
=

AB2 + AC2 = 4,225 + 24,336 =

BC2 = (25 + 144)2 =

BC2 = AB2 + AC2

ABC

144

3. 3) ABC
AD2 = AC2 CD2
C
= 32 2.42 = 3.24

AD = 1.8
3
4
BD2 = CB2 CD2
2.4
= 42 2.42 = 10.24
A
D
B

BD = 3.2
AB = AD + DB
= 1.8 + 3.2 = 5

AB2 = 25

AC2 + CB2 = 32 + 42 = 25

AB2 = AC2 + CB2

ABC
4.
5.
6.
7.

43.45
210
6

15

4,225
24,336
28,561
28,561

13

14

1.1

3 3

15

1.2

8
c a b
a, b c

1. 1
1 2
a

b
1

2. 1 2

16

1)
2)

3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

1 2
[]
1 2
[ a + b
]
1 2 [4 ]
1 2

[ ]
1 2 [c2 a2 + b2 ]

[c2 = a2 + b2]
6)
[]

a + b
1 = c + 4
(a + b)2
= c2 + (4 12 ab)
= c2 + 2ab
2 = a + b
+ 4
(a + b )2
= a2 + b2 + (4 12 ab)
= a2 + b2 + 2ab
1 2
c2 + 2ab = a2 + b2 + 2ab
c2
= a2 + b2 ()

1 2

17

1) 1 a
b a + b
[

1 + 2 = 90o 3 + 4 = 90o

E
4

a
B

1 5 3

a D

( 1 + 2 ) + ( 3 + 4 ) = 90 + 90
= 180o
ABC CDE

1 = 4 2 = 3

2( 1 + 3 ) = 180

1+3

1 + 3 + 5

180
2

= 90o
= 90 + 90
= 180o

BC CD B C D
BD a + b ]
2) 2 a
b a + b

1 = 90o (
a )

12

2 = 90o ()

1 + 2 = 90 + 90
= 180o

B a C

BC CD B C D
BD a + b
b

18

1.2

1.
2.

1
3

3. 2 O
4. 2 1 O

1
3
b
a

O
d
2

19
5. 2 a b c d
6. 3
7. 4 5 5 1

8. 1
[]

b
a

d
9.
[
]

20

1.2

1. ABC A C B
2.
E
D
F

3. IJ // AB AH J
4. EA A CG K
5. JN // AK BC N
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 5

21
E
D
A

F
1
G

2
N
K C 3

B
4

J
5
H

6. 1 2 3 4 5
AB
7. ABDE
[]

1
2

8.
[
]

22

1.3
1.
1) a
2) b

24

25

13

[a = 7]

[b = 12]

3)
ABC
C

4) c
13
4

12

[c = 3]

[12]

5) d 168

[d = 25]
6) c
16

12

15

[c = 25]

23
7)
15 .

[51 ]

8 .

2.

12

A
A

3.

34

16

30

4.

11

15

5.

C
H
E

ABF DCF
CF = 5 , CD = 3
AF = 12 AB BF
[9 15 ]
ABC AB , BC AC 16, 30
34 BD AC
BD
[ 14 172 ]
DFBC
DC = 11 , EF = 9
BC = 15 DFBC
[132 ]

16

3 .

21
12 G

AB = 16
BG = 21 FG = 12
AF
[29 ]

24
6.

ABC
AC = 17 , CB = 8
ACD AC = CD

[84.5 ]

B
8

A
7.

17

BCDE CD , AE
AC 8, 18 26

[96 ]

B
E
8.

ABC
A
5 12
12
ABC
5

B
C
[30 ]
[
BC BC
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 6

A
2

B
6

1 + 2 + 4 + 5 =

2 + 3 + 4 =

5
C
4

6
6

(
)

25
1 + 2 + 4 + 5 =

1 + 5
=

2 + 3 + 4 ()
3
(
)
ABC
12 5 12 = 30 ]

 2
(18 )
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

(3
(2
(7
(6

)
)
)
)

a a > 0

227
1.414 2

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.

8.
9.

27

2.1 (3 )

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

2.1

1.

2.
2.1

= 79
0. 7

43
0. 4 3 = 99

3
0.3 5 8 = 358
990
355 71
= 990
198

0. 9

0. 9 = 99 0. 9 = 1

0. 9 1
3.

28
4.
40

5. 2.1 5, 6 7


6.


7.

2.2 (2 )

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1.

2
2. 2
2



, 227 , 3.14, 3.141592

29
3. 2
2
2
1

4.

5.


128 129
1 2

2.3 (7 )

1.

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

1.

2 2 - 2
2
2.
81 81 - 81

30

3.

4. 2.3 3

x2 = 9
( (x) 9)
x = 5
( (x) 5
5)
5.

2 3
6.

7.
2
8.
n n = 5041 n
n2 5041 n 5041

9.

10.
1

11.

31
12.

13.

4
= 2 2 < 4
4 < 4
0
= 0 0 = 0
0 = 0
0.01 = 0.1 0.1 > 0.01 0.01 > 0.01

2.4 (6 )

1.
2. 3
3.
4.

5.
6.

2.4

1.
1.1 x x 3 x
x
1.2
2. 2.4 3

3

32
x3

= 216 ( (x) 216)

x = -7 ( (x) -7
-7)
3. 3 4096
n3
4096 n 3 4096
4.
12

3
8 = 2 2 < 8
3 8 < 8
3
0
= 0 0 = 0
3 0 = 0
1 1 > 1
3 1
3 1 > 1
=

3
3
27
27
27
27
5.

( 2 , 3 )
R ( 2 , - 3 )
2 3 2 3
2 3 R R ( 2 , - 3 )
4
6.

7. 2.4

1.
2.
3.

4. a 1a

33
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

ba

2.1
1.

2.

3.

1) 0. 6

3) 1.458 3

5) - 0.037 8

2) -1.875

4) 0. 5 4

6) 0. 4 0 5

1) 79
3) 16
33

47
2) 90
4) 13
55

1) 115
32
2) 13
3) 29
21

4) -8.37
5) 3.22
15
6) 14
7) -1156

34
-3
8) 30

4. 0. 3 0.33
5.

6.

1) 108. 3
2) 25

50 33 0. 3
3) 325 108.25 108.25 108.50
108.50 108.50 108.00 109 109 107

7.
1) 95 21.79
2)

1.
2.
3.
4.

45.75 15 4 60
6 15 686.2 5
45.75

35

1.
2.
3.

2.2
1.
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)

2. 153.1391 6

2)
4)
6)
8)
10)

1. 0, 1, 9, 16, 19 , 0.04, 6, 25
2. 1 -1
3 -3
5 -5
2 - 2
7
7
0.04 -0.04
1.1 -1.1
8 - 8

36

2.3
1.
1) 14 -14
3) 36 -36
5)

115 - 115

7) 115 - 115
9) 0.08 -0.08
11) 0.0116 - 0.0116

2) 27 -27
4) 110 - 110
6) 73 - 73
15 - 15
8) 207
207
10) 0.012 -0.012
12) 0.40 - 0.40

2.

3.

1) 25
3) 3.6
9
5) - 25
7) 12
17

2) -51
4) -0.06

1) 6 -6
3) 0

2) 0.09 -0.09
4) 81
6) 49

5) 0.0625

6) 19
8) -0.037

1.
1) 3
3) 11

2) 5
4) -15

1) 2.65
3) 5.57

2) 4.47
4) 7.28

2.

37

1.
1) 4
3) 17

2) 4.243
4) 18

1) 4.472
3) 76
5) 5.099

2) 39
4) 71
6) 31

2.

1. 25 5 -5
2. 25 5
3. -16
4. 14 = 12 12 > 14
5.
0.01 = 0.1 0.1 > 0.01
6.
0.04 = 0.2 0.0004 = 0.02 0.2 > 0.02
7. 2 1.414 3
1.732 2 + 3 1.414 + 1.732 = 3.146
5 2.236
8. 7 2 = 7 (-7) 2 = 7
9. - 2 2 = - 4 -4
10. x2 = 4 x = 2 x = -2
11.
32 = 9
12.
3
3

38

3,741

2.3
1.
1) 51
2) 55
3) 65
4) 70
5) 78
6) 90
2. 6 9
3. 15.8
4.
1) 27.71
2) -97.89
3) 2.87
4) -60.97
5. 4.12
6. 18
7. 35.36
8. 7.07
9. 18 4.24
4.224 2.12
10. 12.41
14

1. 3
2. OJ
3. 20

39

2.4
1.
1) 3
3) 8

5) - 43
7) 3 18
50
9)

0.05

2)
4)

3
3

40
650

6) 69
8) 0.2

10) 0.09

2.
1) 5
3) 2
5) - 83
7) -0.6

2) 7
4) 45
6) -0.2
8) 0.03

3.
1) 6
3) 0.3
5) 0
8
7) 125

2) 3 350
4) 3 - 0.49
6) -343
8) 2.197

1.
1) 2.759
3) 19

2) 22
4) 10,648

1)
3)
5)
7)

2) 12
4) -4.309
6) 16

2.
2.924
50
2.351
-22

40

1. 64 4
2. - 3 - 27 = 3
3.
8 2.83 3 8 = 2
4. 3 81 = 12 12 > 18
5.
3 0.064 = 0.4 0.4 > 0.064
6. 3 2 3 = 2 3 (-2 ) 3 = -2
7. 3 3 + 3 5 3.152 3 8 = 2
8. x3 = 2 x = 3 2
9. 3 x = 8 x = 83 = 512
10.
125 5
11. 3 16
12.
3
0 = 0

2.4
1.
1) -1
3) 3 116
5) 3 752
7) - 13
15

9) 0.07

2) 3 20
4) -12
6) - 73
8) -0.4
10)

0.180

2.
1) -6
3) 50
5) 0.04
3. 12
4. 3

2) 6.4
4) -39

41
5. 1 1
2 8

3
2 1.260
6. 33 = 27 43 = 64 33 30

1 1
-3

-4

-2

-1

Y
3
2
2
1

Q (- 3 , 2 )

-3

-2

-1

P( 2, 2)

-1
-

S (- 3 , - 3 )

-2
-3

R( 2, - 3)

42

10

26

23

15

25

19

16
21

13

27

11
22

3
14

7
12

17

24
8

20
4

18

43

44

2.1

1.

1
1) 0.1
9

2
2) 0. 2
9

3
3) 0. 3
9

4) 0. 4
.......................

5) 0. 7
.......................

6) 0. 8
.......................

12
1) 0.1 2
99

35
2) 0. 3 5
99

64
3) 0. 6 4
99

4) 0. 51 .......................

5) 0. 7 5 .......................

6) 0. 8 3 .......................

234 2
990
516 5
990
865 8
990

232
1) 0.2 3 4
990

511
2) 0.51 6
990

657
3) 0.8 6 5
990

4) 0.4 91 ..............................................

5) 0.7 38 ..............................................

6) 0.917 ..............................................

2. 1

2) 0.35 81
1) 0. 31 6


3) 3. 7 40 2
4) 1.3 4 5 6

45

2.1
1. 1 49 , 79
51 , 75
2 99
99
491
4
3 990
738 7
990
917 9
990
2.

1) 316
999
3) 3 7402
9999

89
83
99
487
990
731
990
908
990
3546
35
2) 3581

9900
9900
3453
4) 1 9990

3
1.3 4 5 6 = 1 + 3456
9990

46

2.4


1. 2

x2 = 3

x 2 = 3

3 -3

0.4 8 2

0. 4 8 2

2. 2
1
3. 1

4.

 3
(12 )
3.1
3.2

(3 )
(9 )

x
ax + b = 0 a, b a 0

1.
2.

48

3.1 (3 )

1.
2.

3.1

1.
3.1
2x = 7, - 12 x + 5 = 2x,
5(x 1) = 12 , -4.5x + 2 = 0

ax + b = 0 a, b a 0
a 0 a = 0 ax + b = 0



2.
5
6
1 ...

3. 3.1

4.

49

3.2 (9 )

1.
2.

3.2

1.
3.2

95

2.

10, 12, 14
-8, -6, -4
-2, 0, 2

3, 5, 7
1, -1, -3
-9, -11, -13
4

50
5
7
7 7 x 7 7 x

6 7
3.3
2 1

12

2.75

3.25
1 3.25 2.75 = 0.50
0.50 1
111 0.150 111 = 222
12
222 + 12 = 234

234 234 2.75 = 643.50
234 12 = 222 222 3.25 = 721.50
78 111
6
20

3
x3
1x
5

()
x
1x +3
5

5
x+5
1 x + 3 + 5 1 x + 8
5
5

51

3.

4.


4 5


5.



6.


7.

9
118

8.20 .

.
.
7.00 .
45 ./ .

7.03 .

8.15 .

150 .

8.

52

3.1
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
11.
13.
15.
17.
19.
21.
23.
25.

37
5
3
-1
- 72
1
7
0
4
12
-5
-5
-18
-1
1

7 25

2.

1
- 20

4. -16
6. 21

- 3 12

8. 4
10. 0
12.
14.
16.
18.
20.
22.
24.
26.

-6
1
12
2
-4
-7
-48
-28

1. a = 2, b = 3 c = 6
2. a = 4, b = 2 c = 4
3. a = 6, b = 2 c = 3

53

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

-86, -85 -84

-31, -29 -27
-50 -11
-10 -8
9 11
2.05 5.05
10 25
-5, -4 -3
85
33
15
36
7 11
140
4.25
129
50
15 9 14
2,500 3,000
35 10
2.17
49

639

abc
a + b + c = 18
c = 3b

a = 2b

54

1. 341
10 351
2.

1. 1,180

x
50 x + 40 x + 118
x = 100
100

2. 25 35

x
60 x
6

50( 60 x ) = 7
3. 42 70

x
120 120 5

2 100 x + 100 3 x = 268.8

4. 800

5. 280

x
90 125x
100 100 = 900
x
20 x + 64 + 50 80 x 64 = 200
100
100 100

6. 625

x
90 250 + 20 x
100
100 = 40

100
250 + x

55

30

x
8 50 x + 52x = 140 1200
100
100

1.
1) 36
60
2) 24
1
x
12( x + 24) = 20x

60
60
2. 12 65

3. 13.00 .

x
60x 60( x 2 ) = 20
13
11
x
10x = 5(x + 2)

4. 3 7.03 .

10x + 12x = 66
5. 100

x
10
x x + 20
60 80 = 60

56
6. 21 1 43
36 2 14

x
x 57 x

12 + 16 = 4
7.
1) 74
2) 87

2x + 23 (x 16) = 235
8. 13.30 .
300

x
150

60x = 40x + 40 60

9. 75

x
45 80 + 72 x = 150

60 60

1.
2.
3.
4.

80
10.00 .
2
3 26
1
x
x 20 = 20 3

57

58

3.1


3.1
1.

1) x = y
= y 10
2) 3x = -2 + 7 -2 + 7 = 5 3x =
3) 5x 7 = -3 (5x 7) + () = (-3) + (-2)
4) x 2 = 3a = 12 (3a)
5) 13 (x + 5) = x 1 3 13 (x + 5) =
1
1
6) 2 x 2 y = (x y)

7) y () = (y a) + (y b)
8) ( ) + (b c) = (a + b) c
2.

5x + 2 = -13
1) 7(x 2) = 21
2) 1.2 8x = -6
3) 5.5y + 3.5 = -2
4) 23 (x + 1) = 12
y+5
5) 2 = -3

5x + 2 2 = -13 2

5x = - 15
5
5

-3

59

3.1
1.
1) x 10
2) 5
3) -2
4) 12 (x 2)
5) 3(x 1)
6) 12
7) a + b
8) a c
2.

1) 7(x 2) = 21

7(x 2) 21
7 = 7

x2+2 = 3+2

2) 1.2 8x = -6

1.2 8x 1.2 = -6 1.2

- 8x = - 7.2
-8
-8

0.9

3) 5.5y + 3.5 = -2

5.5y + 3.5 3.5 = -2 3.5

5.5y
- 5.5
5.5 = 5.5

-1

4) 23 (x + 1) = 12

2 (x + 1) 3 = 1 3
3
2
2 2

x + 1 1 = 43 1

- 14

y+5
2 = -3

y +5
2 2 = (-3) 2

y + 5 5 = -6 5

-11

5)

60

3.2

3.2
/

/
1. 83 - 14
1)
2) 83
- 14
2. 65
21
1) 65
2)
3. 100

7
1)
2)
3)
4.

1)

x
1) ...
2) ...
x
1) ...
2) ...
x

1) ...
2) ...
3) ...
x
1) ...

2)

2) ...

3)

3) ...

61
/

5.

1)

2)

3)

1) ...
2) ...
3) ...

3.2
1.
2.
3.

1) 5x

2) 83 + 5x = - 14

1) 65 x

2) 65 x + 1 = 21

1) 2x
3) (100 x) 2x = 7

2) 100 x

1) 23 x
3) 23 x 15 = 7

2) 23 x 15

1) x 15
3) 23 (x 15) = 7

2) 23 (x 15)

4.

5.

 4
(18 )
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

(4
(4
(4
(6

)
)
)
)

1.
2.
3.

63

4.1 (4 )

1.
2.
3.

4.

5.
180

1.

2.
2
1)

P

PQ AB PQ P AB

64
2)

3.

4.
3 1 2


.1 2

180
5. 4
AB // CD // EF
AB, CD EF
6. 4.1

65

4.2 (4 )

1.
2.

1.

2.

1)

2)

3)

4)


(1)
(2)

66

(alternate interior angles)

EF AB CD
E
A

2 1
3 4
6 5
7 8

B
D

2 8 (alternate exterior angles)

1 7
3 5

4 6

1 = 3 ,

2 = 4 , 5 = 7 6 = 8

67

4.3 (4 )

1.

2.

1. 4.2

2.




E
A

1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8

AB // CD EF

1 = 5 , 2 = 6 , 7 = 3 8 = 4

68

AB // CD

()
= 180o

(
180o)

1+3

= 180o

()

1+3

= 5+3

5+3

()

1 = 5

( 3 )

2 = 6 , 7 = 3 8 = 4

E
A

X
Y

EF AB CD A X E = C Y X
AB // CD

A X E = B X Y

(
)

()

AXE = CYX

()
B X Y = C Y X

B X Y C Y X
AB // CD
(

)

69

4.4 (6 )

1. 180

2.

3.

4.

1.
180
3 4

()

()

3
1

3
2 3 1
1

70
3
1 3 2

172 177 1
2 2544 1




180


2.

...

... ...

71
3. x y

4.

()
5. 4.4 8
360
6. 4.4
n
n
n
7.

72

1.
2.
3.
4.

2
2
2
2

1. A E F C F E
B E F D F E

2. M X Y P Y X
N X Y Q Y X

1.
1) 180o

2) 180o

1) 180o

2) 180o

2.
3.
1)
180o
2)
180o

4.1
1.
1) 117 + 63 = 180o
3) 90 + 80 180o

2) 112 + 58 180o
4) 90 + 90 = 180o

73
2.
2) x = 88
4) x = 61

1) x = 79
3) x = 60
3.
1)
E

C D F = 148o

C 32o

2)
E

C D F = 50o
130o

4. A D C = 127o B C D = 109o
5.
K

PL // MN AB

M K L + K M N = 180o

()

(
180o)

74

B M N + K M N = 180o

()

B M N + K M N = M K L + K M N

()

( K M N
)

BM N = MK L

6. x = 90 y = 90
7.
180o

1.

1) A E F

DFE

BEF

CFE

2) A E F

DFE

BEF

CFE

1) A E F

DFE

BEF

CFE

2) A E F

DFE

BEF

CFE

2.

4.2

1. F A B = A B N BN // FM AB

2. M E A = E A K EM // KY NB

3. O B E = 126o

4. A C E = 131o

5. C D E = 40o

75
6.

B
C

D
E

AB // CD

()

A B C = B C D

(
)
()

BC // DE

B C D = C D E

(
)

A B C = C D E

()

7.
R

P
A

PQ // RS

P A C = A B S

A BS = R B C

P A C = R B C

()
(
)
(
)
()

76
8.

E
F

AD // CF

(
)

D A E = F B E

(
)
(E AB)

AE = BE

AED = BEF

(
)

AED B E F
DE = FE
9.

(...)
(
)
E

AE // HB

E A F = H B G
AF = BG
FE // HG

()
(
)
()
()

77

E F G = H G F

A F E + E F G = 180o
B G H + H G F = 180o

(
)
()
()

A FE + E FG = BG H + HG F

A F E = B G H

()

( E F G

H G F
)

AFE BGH

(... E A F = H B G , AF = BG,

FE = GH

A FE = BG H )
(
)

4.2
1.
1) AE // BC
3) SR // PQ

2) AD // BM
4)

2. x = 98 y = 60
3.
C

B
O

AO = BO

A OD = BOC

DO = CO

( CD AB O)
(
)
( AB CD O)

78
AOD BOC

(...)

A D O = B C O

(
)
(

)

AD // BC

4.

CAB = EBD

()

A B E + E B D = 180o

()

A B E + C A B = 180o ( E B D

CAB)

A B E C A B AB
AC BE
(
AC // BE

180o
)
BC // DE

1.

1) A R P

CSP

A RS

CSQ

BR P

DSP

BRS

DSQ

79

2) A R P

CSP

A RS

CSQ

BR P

DSP

BRS

DSQ

AEP

CFP

AEQ

CFQ

BEQ

DFQ

BEP

DFP

2.
1) 2)

4.3

1. A P Q = P R S B R S = R P Q

2. N S T = Q S M ( )
N S T = S T K ( )
N S T = L T P (
)

3. X Y D = 52o

4. E C D = 128o

5. D A B = B C D = 47o
A B C = A D C = 133o
6. x = 65

80
7.

AB // CD

B A C = D C E

AC = CE
CB // ED

A C B = C E D

ABC CDE

E
()
(

)
()
()
(

)
(...)

4.3
1.

1) DF // CB E A D A B C
BE
2) AB // MN M N C A B C
BC

3) AB // CD P B A B D C
PD 44o
4) MN // PQ

A D Q + 50 = 180

()

A D Q = 180 50
= 130o

A B N = 130o

()

81

A B N = A D Q = 130o
MN // PQ

()
(

QR // NP Q E F = N C D = 96o ()

2. D C E = 98o
3.
X

A
Q

YM // QR

P A M = P Q R

X YM = PQR

P A M = X Y M
YX // QP

M
R
()
(

)
()
()
(

82
4.

ABC DEF

B A C = B C A

E D F = E F D
BAC = E FD

(
)
(
)
()

B A C = E D F B C A = E F D ()
AB// DE BC // EF (

x y
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

= 48
= 75
= 130
= 54
= 107
= 56
= 25

y = 15
y = 110
y = 78
y = 68
y = 10
2x + y + 120
2x + y
y

=
=
=

180
60
60 2x

83

8. x = 15

2x y + 140
2x (60 2x) + 140
2x 60 + 2x + 140
4x
x

180
180
( y 60 2x)
180
100
25
60 (2 25)
10

y = 57.5
3x + 25 =
2x
=
x
=
(x + 55) + (2y 5)
15 + 55 + 2y 5
2y + 65
2y
y

9. x = 8 y = 12

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

=
=
=
=
=

x + 55
30
15
180
180
180
115
57.5

(5x + y) + (5x y) + 100

10x + 100
10x
x
100 + (5x + y) + (2x + y)
100 + (5 8) + (2 8) + 2y
100 + 40 + 16 + 2y
2y
y

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

( x 15)

180
180
80
8
180
180 ( x 8)
180
24
12

84
10. x = 12 y = 28

A E H = H G C = 48o

2x + 2y
= 32 + 48
= 80
5y 8 + 48
= 180
5y
= 140
y
= 28
= 80
2x + (2 28)
2x
= 24
x
= 12

m
n
p
q

=
=
=
=

26
50
86
22

r
s
t
u

=
=
=
=

36
72
118
44

4.4
1.

1. E C D , A C X , C D E , B D Y A B E

2. E A B = 68o
2. PQ // AD

B A P = 32 + 28

= 60o

B A P + D A P = 180o

()

85

D A P = 180 60
= 120o
PQ // AD

( B A P 60)
(

3.
4

D 5

BD

1 + 2 + 3 = 180o

36

(
180o)

4 + 5 + 6 = 180o

(
180o)

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 180 + 180

()

1 + ( 2 + 5 ) + 4 + ( 3 + 6 ) = 360o

B A D + A D C + D C B + C B A = 360o ()

360
4.

ABC

86

A B C = A C B

EF // BC

(
)
()

B A E = A B C C A F = A C B

B A E = C A F

(

)

()

5.
D

G
A

F
H

AB = EF
()
CG // DH AE ()

G BF = H FB

(
)

G B F = A B C H F B = E F D (
)

A B C = E F D
BC = FD
ABC EFD

()
()
(...)

C A B = D E F

(
)
(

)

AC // ED

87
6.

BD
AB// CD BD ()

A B D = C D B

(
)
AD // BC BD ()

ADB = CBD

BD = DB
ABD CDB

A = C

(
)
()
(...)
(
)

AC B = D
7.

A
E

ABC

A B C = B A C
CE // AB

E C D = A B C

()

(
)
()
(

88

B A C = E C A

(
)

B A C = E C D

A BC)

E C A = E C D

BAC)

CE A C D
8.
A 6
3

4 1

2 C
5

1 + 4 = 2 + 5 = 3 + 6 = 180o

()

1 + 4 + 2 + 5 + 3 + 6 = 180 + 180 + 180

= 540 o

()

= 180o

1+2+3

(
180o)

4 + 5 + 6

= 540 180 ()
= 360 o
ABC 360 o

9.

F
B

C
D

89

A + B + C = 180o

(
180o)

D + E + F = 180o

(
180o)

A + B + C + D + E + F = 180 + 180
= 360o ()

360o
10.
A

5
3G
1

F4
2

ABC BC

1 = 2

BC // ED

1 = 3 2 = 4
3 = 4

(
)
()
(
)
()

3 + 5 = 4 + 6 = 180o ()

5 = 6
EG = DF

EAG = DAF
AEG = ADF
AE = AD

()
()
()
(...)
(
)

90

F 1 2G
A

BDF

1 = B + D (

)
CEG

2 = C+ E

A + 1 + 2 = 180o (
180o)

A + B + D + C + E = 180o

( 1

B + D 2 C + E )

A + B + C + D + E = 180o

91

92

4.4

180

1.
1)
2)
3)
2. 1

3.

4. n

4.4
1.
1) 360
2) 540
3) 720
2.
1)

2)

3)

93
3.
2

4. n 180(n 2)