SECTI ON B STRENGTH ANAL YS IS

SECTION 81 JOINTS AND FASTENERS

TABLEOF CONTENTS Page Bl.O.O Joints and Fasteners

1.1.0

Mechanical Joints and Fasteners .•............... 1.1.1 Riveted Joints ..•........................... 1.1.2 Bolted Joints ........•...................... 1.1.3 Protruding-Head Rivets and Bolts 1. 1.4 Flu sh Rive t s ............•................... 1.1.5 Flush Screws 1.1.6 Blind Rivets 1.1. 7 Hollow-End Rivets .............•........•...• 1.1.8 Hi-Shear Rivets 1.1.9 Lockbolts 1.1.10 Jo-Bo1ts ....•........•.....•..•............ 1.2.0 Welded Joints................................... 1.2.1 Fusion Welding 1.2.2 Effect on Adjacent Parent Metal Due to Fusion Welding ........•................... 1.2.3 Weld-Metal Allowable Strength ...•........... 1. 2.4 Welded Cluster 1.2.5 Flash Welding............................... 1.2.6 Spot Welding 1.2.7 Reduction in Tensile Strengthof Parent Due to Spot We ing Ld 1.3.0 Braz ing 1.3.1 Copper Brazing.............................. 1.3.2 Silver Brazing .•...•........................

1 1 2 2 19 24 27 39 39 39 41 46 46 46 47 49 49 50 Metal 56 59 59 59

Bl-iii

Section B 1 25 September Page 1 B 1.0.0 B 1.1.0 B 1.1.1 Joints and Fasteners Mechanical Riveted Joints and Fasteners

1961

Joints

Although the actual state of stress in a riveted joint is complex, it is customary to ignore such considerations as stress concentration at the edge of rivet holes, unequal division of load among fasteners, and nonuniform distribution of shear stress across the section of the rivet and of the bearing stress between rivet and plate. Simplifying assumptions are made, which are summarized as follows: (1) The applied the rivets, ignored. load is assumed to be transmitted entirely by friction between the connected plates being

(2) When the center of cross-sectional area of each of the rivets is on the line of action of the load, or when the centroid of the total rivet area is on this line, the rivets of the joint are assumed to carry equal parts of the load if of the same size; and to be loaded proportionally to their section areas otherwise. (3) (4) The shear stress is assumed the rivet section. to be uniformly distributed across

The bearing stress be twe en plate and rivet is assumed to be uniformly distributed over an area equal to the rivet diameter times the plate thickness. The stress in a tension member distributed over the net area. is assumed to be uniformly

(5)

(6)

The stress in a compression member distributed over the gross area.

is assumed

to be uniformly is

The design of riveted joints on the basis of these assumptions the accepted practice, although none of them ia strictly correct. The possibility of secondary as the shearing or tearing out of plate or between adjacent rivets, of long rivets, or tensile failure staggered, are guarded against in summarized as follows: (1)

failure due to secondary causes, such a plate between rivet and edge of the bending or insufficient upsetting along a zigzag line when rivets are standard specifications by provisions

The distance from a rivet to a sheared edge shall not be less than 1 3/4 diameters, or to a planed or rolled edge, 1 1/2 diameters. The minimum rivet spacing shall be 3 diameters.

(2)

Section B 1 25 September Page 2 B 1.1.1 (3) Riveted Joints (Cont'd)

1961

The maximum rivet pitch in the direction of stress shall be 7 4iameters, and at the ends of a compression member it shall be 4 diameters for a distance equal to 1 1/2 times the width of the member. In the case of a diagonal or zigzag chain of holes extending across a part, the net width of the part shall be obtained by deducting from the gross width the Sum of the diameters of all the holes in the chain, and adding, for each gauge space in the chain, the quantity 82/4g, where S ~ longitudinal spacing of any two successive holes in the chain and g ~ the spacing transverse to the direction of stress of the same two holes. The critical net section of the part is obtained from that chain which gives the least net width. The shear and bearing stresses shall be calculated on the basis of the nominal rivet diameter, the tensile stresses on the hole diameter.

(4)

(5)

If the rivets of a joint are so arranged that the line of action of the load does not pass through the centroid of the rivet areas then the effect of eccentricity must be taken into account. B 1.1.2 Bolted Joints joints that are designed on the basis of shear and bearing in the same way as riveted joints. The simplifying assumpin Section B 1.1.1 are valid for short bolts where bending is negligible.

Bolted are analyzed tions listed of the shank

In general when bolts are designed by tension, the Factor of Safety should be at least 1.5 based on design load to take care of eccentricities which are impossible to eliminate in practical 'design. Avoid the use of aluminum bolts in tension. Hole-filling fasteners (such as conventional solid rivets) should not be combined with non-hale-filling fasteners (such as conventional bolt or screw installation) .

B 1.1.3

Protruding-Head

Rivets

and Bolts

The load per rivet or bolt, at which the shear or bearing type of failure occurs, is separately calculated and the lower of the two governs the design. The ultimate shear and tension stress, and the ultimate loads for steel AN bolts and pins are given in Table B 1.1.3.1 and B 1.1.3.2. Interaction curves for combined shear and tension loading on AN bolts are given in Fig. B 1.1.3-1. Shear and tension ultimate loads for MS internal wrenching bolts are specified in Table B 1.1.3.3.

Section B 1 25 September Page 3 B 1.1.3 Protruding-Head Rivets and Bolts (Cont'd)

1961

In computing aluminum rivet shear strength, the correction factors given in Table B 1.1.3,5 should be used to compensate for the reductions in rivet shear strength resulting from high bearing stresses on the rivet at Dlt ratios in excess of 3.0 for single-shear joints, and 1.5 for double-shear joints. The basic shear strength for protruding-head aluminum-alloy rivets is given in Table B 1.1.3.6. The yield and ultimate bearing stresses for various materials at room and elevated temperatures are given in the strength properties stated for each alloy or group of alloys, and are applicable to riveted or bolted joints where cylindrical holes are used and where Dlt < 5.5. Where Dlt > 5.5, tests to substantiate yield and ultimate bearing strengths must be performed. These bearing stresses are applicable only for the design of rigid joints where there is no possibility of relative motion of the parts joined without deformation of the parts. Yield and ultimate stresses at low temperatures will be higher than those specified for room temperature; however, no quantitative data are available. For convenience, "unit" sheet bearing strength for rivets, based on a stress of 100 ksi and nominal hole diameters, is given in Table B 1.1.3.7. Factors representing the ratio of actual sheet bearing strength to 100 ksi are given in Table B 1.1.3.8. Table B 1.1.3.9 contains unit bearing strength of sheets on bolts. For magnesium-alloy riveting, it is unnecessary to use the correction factors of Table B 1.1.3.5, which account for high bearing stresses on the rivet.

Table B 1.1.3.1 Ultimate Strength of Bolts Bolt

Size

Nominal Shank Area

Basic Minor Dia

Basic Area at Minor Dia .0175 .0326 .0524 .0309 .1090 .1486 .1888 .2400 .3513 .4805 .6464 .8118 1.0237 1.2602 1. 5212

10-32 1/4-28 5/16-24 3/8-24 7/16-20 1/2-20 9/16-18 5/8-18 3/4-16 7/8-14 1-14 1 1/8-12 1 1/4-12 1 3/8-12 1 1/2-12

.0283 .0494 .0767 .1l05 .1503 .1964 .2485 .3068 .4418 .6013 .7854 .9940 1.2272 1.4849 1. 7671

.1494 .2036 .2584 .3209 .3725 .4350 .4903 .5528 .6688 .7822 .9072 1. 0167 1.1417 1. 2667 1. 3917

I-' Steel Bolts Steel Bolts Al Alloy Bolts . Heat Treat 125,000 psi Heat Treat 160,000 psi Heat Treat 62,000 psi VJ Min Min Min "'d 'i Tension Single Tension Single Tension Single Bending 0 I"t Shear Shear Shear (in.lb) (lb) (lb) (lb) 1'1 c (lb) (lb) (lb) 0.... :::I 2,800 2,210 2,125 2,620 ~ 192 5,000 1,310 1,715 4,080 3,680 4,650 it 8,200 2,110 2,685 375 7,300 6,500 5,750 III 0647 12,700 10,500 3,870 10,100 8,290 3,260 ~ 17,100 14,300 4,400 5,250 13,600 11,250 1,028 ....

18,500 23,600 30,100 44,000 60,000 80,700 101,800 130,200

..........................

14,700 18,700 23,000 33,150 45,050

1,534 2,184 2,996 5,177 8,221

23,400 29,800 38,000 55,600 76,200 102,500 128,800 162,600 200,300 241,200

18,650 23,600 29,150 41,950 57,100 74,600 94,450 116,600 14LOSO 167,900

.............•

6,000

............... ...............
.................

6,850 8,700 10,750 15,500 21,050

<: ro
CIJ

r+ III

:::I 0..

to

............ .... ....~..........

,.,

58,900 12,272 73,750 17,470 91,050 23,970 ...... ..... ... ........ . ...........

27,500 ........•.•••• 34,500 ............... 42,500

..............

I"t CIJ

t-

rt

::l

'-'"

0..

Table

B 1.1.3.2 Shear and Tensile

Strengths,

Material Ultimate Ultimate tensile strength, shear strength, ksi ksi

Areas, and Moments of Inertia of Steel Bolts and Pins Low Carbon Heat-treated steel Steel 55 35 100 65 125 125 75

I-'

I-' L.U

Moment of Machine Size of pin sereI'!size, Area of 501 Ld iner tia of or bolt section, in.2 solid, in4 No. 1/16 0.003068 p.00000075 .006902 .00000379 3/32 0.112 .009852 .00000772 4 1/8 .012272 .00001198 0.138 .014957 .00001781 6 .01918 :/32 .00002926 0.164 .02112 8 .00003549 .02761 .00006066 3/16 0.190 10 .02835 .00006399 0.216 .03664 .0001069 12 .03758 7/32 .0001125 .04908 1/4 .0001918 .07669 .0004682 5/16 .1105 3/8 .9009710 7/16 .1503 .001797 .1963 1/2 .003069 .2485 9/16 .004914 .3068 S/8 .007492 3/4 .4418 .01553 .6013 7/8 .02878 .7854 1 .04908 1 1/8 1 1/4

Ultimate single shear Ultimate tens He strength at full strength diameter, Ib (in thread), Ib 107 230 199 518 242 449 640 345 739 430 798 920 523 972 1,122 671 1,247 1,438 739 1,372 1,584 966 1,794 2,070 992 1,842 2,126 2,210 1,282 2,381 2,748 1,315 2,442 2,818 1,717 3,190 3,680 4,080 2,684 4,984 5,750 6,SOO 3,868 7,183 8,280 10,100 5,261 9,770 11,2S0 13,600 6,871 12,760 14,700 18,SOO 8,697 16,lS2 18,700 23,600 10,738 19,942 23,000 30,100 15,463 28,717 33,150 44,000 21,046 39,085 45,050 60,000 27,489 51,651 58,900 80,700 73,750 101,800 91,050 130,200

75

AN standard bolt "d ~ des igna t ion 0 r+ specification ~ ~ MIL-B-1812 p_.

1-"

~I

I'D Pol

::r:
c,
:;tI

< I'D
Pol

1-"

r+
III

::l

p_. t::1O 0
III

AN-3

rt

I-'

AN-S AN-6 AN-7 AN-8 AN-9 AN-I0 AN-12 AN-14 AN-16

AN-18

AN-4

rn
0

::l rt

r---

p_.

AN-20

Section B 1 25 September 1961 Page 6 B 1.1.3 Protruding-Head Rivets and Bolts (Cont'd)

Interaction Formula

Where:
III Q.. .,-1

x
y

"d
til

a b

= =

= tension load

shear load

shear allowable tension allowable

0 ...:l

'.-1

s
III

!::l

E-I

(11

20

25

Shear Load, Kips Note: Curves not applicable where shear nuts are used. Curves are based on the results of combined load tests of bolts with nuts fingertight.

Fig. B 1.1.3-1 Combined Shear and Tension on AN Steel Bolts.

Table B 1.1.3.3 Mater ia1

Shear and Tensile

Strengths Material

of Internal Wrenching

Bolts

.
Heat-treated alloy steel (160-180 ksi) MIL-S-8503 and MIL-S-6049 Ultimate tensile strength (minimum) , Ib 5,000 8,200 12,700 17 ,100 23,400 29,800 38,000 Heat-treated alloy steel (160-180 ksi) MIL-S-8503 and MIL-S-6049

t-'

w
'"d 0 rt
'"'I

Specification

Specification NIL-S-5000

c MIL-S-SOOO ~I
rn

"1

0t-'.

::r:
III 0-

Size I 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8

r

Standard

Double shear strength (minimum) , 1b 9,300 14,600 21,000 28,600 37,300 47,200 58,300

5 ize

Standard

Ultimate tens i1e Daub le shear strength strength (min imum), 1b (minimum) , Ib 55,600 76,200 102,500 128,800 162,600 200,300 241,200 83,900 114,200 149,200 188,900 233,200 282,100 335,800

:::0

< rtl
rt

t-'.

Ul

1'1520004 M520005 M520006 H520007 M520008 1'1520009 MS20010

3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2

MS20012 1'1S20014 MS20016 MS20018 MS20020 1'1520022 MS20024

::l

ro

0-

tp 0
t-'

nUl

rn
0

::l
rt

~ote. Nuts deslgned to develop the u1tlrnate tenslle strength of the bolts are required in applications depended upon to develop the tabulated bolt loads.

r----

0-

Table B 1.1. 3.4 Ultimate Tension Loads For Solid Rivets 2024-T3 and 2024-T36 Alc1ad Sheet Universal Head 3/32 DIA. Head 296 Tension 130 016 .....,L0_2_0 145 .025 170 199 .032 .040 233 2')4 045 .051 .064 .072 .080 .091 .100 .102 .110 .120 .128 .130 .140 .150 5/32 .160 170 .180 3/16 .20 .25 1/8 521 160 175 210 248 290
317

All Flush Riveting 1/4 2695 5/16 4200 3/32 261 1/8 445 5/32 729 3/16 1445 1/4 2610 5/16 3642
DIA.

5/32 810

3/16 1506

220

75

Head Tension .016 .020

010:;

348 414 456 497

290 380 435 490 640 725

390 490 550 622 782 882 980 lll0 1220 1240 1340 1460

970 1020 1130 1195 1265 1355 1430 1446 1512 1598 1665 1680 1762 1845 1898 1930 2015 2095 2160 2265 2680

1175 1260 1495 1800 2065 2120 2350 2645 2877 2935 3220 3505 3700 3790

104 138 160 185 242

146 200 232 272 362 415

235 275 318 430 490 560 645 720

415 589 695 807 952 1075 1105 1218 1348

725 825 925 1062 1175 1200 1300 1427 1527 1552 1675 1802 1880 1925 2015 2095 2160 2265

1092 1270 1420 1450 1585 1752 1885 1920 2087 2252 2362 2420 2585 2750 2875 3080

.032 .040 .045 .051 .064 .072 .080 .091 .100 .102 .110 .120 .128 .130 .140 .150 5/32 .160 .170 .180 3/16 .20 .25

Table B 1.1.3.5 Diameter

of

Shear Strengths
Mat.

of Protruding 3/32

and Flush-Head 1/8 5/32

Aluminum-Alloy 3/16

Rivets
t--'

rivet,

(in. )

Code

1/16

1/4
1,450 1,550 1,760 1,970 2.120

5/16

3/8

w
'1:l "1

Shear strength, Ib : 5056, F su"'28 ksi 2117-13, F su= 30 ksi 2017-131, Fsu=34 ksi 20l7-T3, F su"'38 ksi 2024-T31, F su=41 ksi

AD
D

D DD

99 106 120 135 145 Single-shear

203 217 247 275 296

363 388 442 494 531

556 596 675 755 815 factors

802 862 977 1,090 1,180

2,290 2,460 2,790 3,110 3,360

3,280 3,510 3,970 4,450 4,800

rt "1
t-'.

c: c,
:::r:
1:0 c,
I

~
(t>

rive t strength

Sheet thickness,

<:
(Il
(j)

t-'.

:::0

, .... 0.964 0.018 .984 0.020 .996 0.025 ................................ 1.000 0.032 .••.•••....••..............••••..
II ................. '" • II .... ill ........ '" '" •••• • ............. '" II _ • til ....... '" '" '" ............. ............. II 11 ....................................... II .... '" ........ III ...... • ............ iii III ................. ill ... III ••• '" '" '" til ...

in. : 0.016 ................................

rt

III ::;l

o,

III

........... 0.040 0.964 ............. o . 045 ••.•••.••••....••••.•......•••... .980 ............ ............ .. '" ............... O. 050·· .•.......•.•..•.•............. .996 ............. .. .... .... '" ...... ,., ..... 1.000 0.063 .. .................. . ......... O. 071 ...................."'............. '..'""'............'""'.."'.. ............ .................... " .. .................. 0.080····............................. ............... .. .. .... .... .. .. ............ .. .. .... .... .. .... 0.090 ..·..·•• ......... .. ••• ··••• •••.• ...................... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. O. 100·· .••...........•....•..•••••.•. ....•..... .. .... .. .. .. .... .... ........... ........... ............ ........... 0.125······· .......... ·.............. 0.160 0.190 0.250
..... '" .... '" '" ... iI • 111............................... '" "' .......... "' ......... " ..

0", 036 ...

..............
... .

.......... .
'"

0.972 1.000

tJ:j

0.964 .980 .996 1.000

0
I-'

rt
(j)

f(:)
0.972 1.000
0 ::;l rt

..

..

....

oil

...........

..

................

01-

.. ................ .................. .. ................

'II

..................

...........

.......... .................... ..•....•..

0.964 .980 .996 1.000

0.964 .974 .984 .996 1.000

c, I'-'

0.972 1.000

Table B 1 1 3 5 Shear Strengths of Protruding Diameter of rivet, (in. ) 1/16 Double-shear Sheet thickness, in. : 0.688 0.016·· .... ·········· ... · ······ ... ········· .753 0.018 ............ ····· ..··· ... ······ ..··· .. .792 0.020············ ..····· ..············· .870 0.025·· ....·..············· ..············ 0 ... 32 ................ ,."........... ,......................... .935 0 0.0.3.6 .................................... .974 o ..040 ............................................................... .987 o . 045 ............................. 1.000
iii .........................

..

and Flush-Head 1/8 5/32 factors

Aluminum-Alloy 3/16 1/4

Rivets (Cont'd) 5/16 3/8

3/32

rivet strength

0.100·············· ..................... 0.125·· ..····· ..·.... ·.· ............... ·· 0.160····· ...... ······· ..·· ...·..... ······. 0.190 ......................... , .......
0.250 ..................................

o ~063 ............................... '" .............................. ............ o ~07 1 ........................................................ ... ..................... ........... .......... 0.080· .. ·............................... .............. .." ........ o . 090 ..................
.. .. II ............ II ...................

0.050 ......... ······••••

••. ·••··•·

..·•··

.......... ,. .........

0.714 .818 .857 .896 .922 .961 1.000

........... ......... ... ., .............. ...........

• .........

0.688 .740 .792 .831 .870 .935 .974 1.000

............ .......... ......... .......... •......... . .........

...... ...... .......... .......... ............... ............t- ........... ............. ...... ..... .... , ....... .......... ... ...... ... . •......••• . .........
l-

0.688 .740 .792 .883 .919 .948 .974 1.000

0.714 .818 .857 .896 .922 .961 1.000

0.688 .740 .792 .831 .870 .935 .987 1.000

0.688 .753 .792 .883 .935 .974 1.000

0.714 .818 .883 .935 1.000 the in table

Note: Values of shear strength should be mUltiplied by the factors D/t ratio is large enough to require such a correction. Shear values are based on areas corresponding 4.12.0.9, note e. Shear stresses available. in table 4.12.0.9 corresponding to the nominal

given herein whenever specified

hole diameters

to 90 percent probability

data are used wherever sheet in

Sheet thickness is that of the thinnest double-shear joints.

sheet in single-shear

joints and the middle

Ta bi eB Type ...........................................

I 1 3 6 U1timate

Shear

Strengt

h f or A 1 umi.num A 11o::l_ Rivets

Protruding-head rivetsa 2024 MIL-R-5674

Alloy ..........
Specification

, "..............
.......

, ......

••

'"

.......

of

....

2117

2017

5056

, .................•........ -T3 ;.......... ;.......... , A B \ -T31b A

B

Cond i t i on ..........•......•.•......•....•.•...• Basi sd, ~ ....... , ... , ..............

-T3c
A

-T31 B

-H321 B A
B

III Cl 0.. :;0

;:r::

~_
<
(J)

ksi: Ultimate Shear Strength, rivets) ..................... Fsue ( for driven (for undri veri rivets and rivet Fsu a The dri vcn head diameter shall b The 2017-131 designation heat-treated condition until refers to driving.

III r+

~,'ir e ) .... least

28 26 1.3 that

30

33 the been

34 nominal heat

35

29
times have

33
treated

38 37

37

37

:+1
38 of

27 24

28 27 rivet. in

be at

shank

diameter and then

the

i
the

r.> ::I 0..

t;J:l

rivets

maintained

o
(J)

r+

I-'

c The 2017-T3 designation refers to 2017 rivets whi ch are fully aged at room temperature for least 4 days after quenching, and then driven. (The higher strength properties of the 2017-T3 result from the co l d-wo rk i ng effects obtained when the rivets are driven in the aged condition.) d B is
_c..

at rivets

is the

the mechanical-property column based upon the minimum guaranteed mechanical-property column based upon probability data.

tensile

properties;

e Shear and bearing strength values for driven rivets may be based on areas corresponding to the nominal hole diameter, provided that the nominal hole diameter is not larger than the values listed belovo If the nominal hole diameter is larger than the listed values, the listed value shall be used. Standard Rivet Drill size, in .. , ........
~ ....
4 •••• It"

>,jNUl

'" CIQ
(I)

..... III ~ () Ul r+
(I) ...,.

Rivet-Hole 1/16
, •

Drill 3/32

Sizes

and Nominal 1/8 30 5/32 21 0.159

Hole Diameters 3/16 11 0.l9l

I'-' "0 1-'r1'::1

0
t;J:l I'-'

III
'l)

, .....
•••

1/4
F 0.257

5/16 P 0.323

3/8
W

:3

0' '1

No ~ . _ ....

51 0.067

41
0.096

Nominal

hole

diameter,

(in.)

..

0.1285

0.386

Section B 1 25 September Page 12

1961

B 1.1.3

Protruding-Head

Rivets

and Bo1ts

(Contrd)

1.0

.'\

1-1

.w
(J

0
!C

.9

'" -,

..-I tJ

t:: 0

'\

.w

.g
~
1-1 ttl

.8

1,\
~

CII

rtl

.7

-,
~

roo

.6

'"

I\.
400

100

200 Temperature

300 F

Fig. B 1 1.3·2 Reduction Factor for A110wables of Protruding Head. AN470-AD (2117-T3). Rivets at Elevated Temperature for Five Minutes

Section B 1 25 September Page 13 B 1.1.3 9 Protruding-Head Rivets and Bolts (Cont'd)

1961

8 Rivet Dia.
3/8

tI')

.J:l
oi-l
'lJ

~ ~ co c
5
j

.,.1

P-

/5/16/

/ [7 V/
/

1/

!/

H oi-l
Ul

C ......

OIl H ttl

~
......
.,;

'lJ

c ~

V -:VV 7 V
V

/' .... Ij I / 7V V V ~~V V VV / V -: /' V

./i

J 'L

/ /, V
V
/'

1/4/

7
/

V
/'

V.
/

,/

,/
/'
,/'

3/16

/'

~2/

,,/

./ ~

.:,rrif ~
.02

V
~

::::-

~
I--"

----~
.10 Sheet

V
~f-""

V"""

---~-----~2
~

1/16

.04

.06

.08

.12

.14 Thk.,

.16
ill.

.18

.20

.22

.24

.26

Fig.

B 1.1.3-3

Unit

Bl';lr ing

Strengths

o f Shee

ts

on Rivets

Fbr "" 100 ks i

r-------------------~------------------------------------------------------------------~ : Unit bearing strength for rivet diameter indicated, lba Sheet thickness (in.) r---~--~------~------~r-------'-------~-------T--------~------~ w 1/16 in. 3/32 in. 1/8 in. 5/32 in. 3/16 in. 1/4 in. 5/16 in. 3/8 in. ~------------------~------~--------~------~------~~------~------~--------~----~ ~ 012· ..·..··· ..··· 80 a ~. 0.016···· 107
t-'

Table B 1.1.3.7 Unit Bearing Strength of Sheet on Rivets, Fbr - 100 ksi

"d Ii

Ii

0111

I. .•.

0 ..018 0 ..020······ , I.. 0.025··· ...···················· · 0.032· .. ···· 0.036 o . 040

..

121 134 168 214 241 268

0.045 ···•. . ·•·•·•• .. ••·•·· 302 0.050.. 335

0.063·· 0.071 ..··········· ..···· ··········· 422 476 603 670
838

0.080
0.090····· o ..100-·

·· ·.. ····.. 536 .. ·..

II , II

..······· ..···········
, .......... ..........• ..

o . 125'"''

0.160 0.200······ 0.250

..··················

1072 1340 1670

960 1200 1536 2400

173 192 240 307 346 384 432 480 605 682 768 864

~I

321 411 463 514 578 643 810 912 1028

1157

W
~

509
572

636 716
795

1002 1129
1272

1920

1285 1606 2056 2570 3210

3970

1431 1590 1988 2544 3180

688 764 860 955 1203 1356 1528 1719 1910 2388 3056 3820 4770

-< It> 1285 1825 2056 2313 2570 3213 4112 5140 6420
1619

....
::t'

rt til

2035 2293 2584 2907 3230 4038 5168 6460 8070

2741 3088 3474 3860 4825 6176

7720

a Bear~ng values are based on areas computed using the nominal hole d~ameters spec~f~ed in table B l.1.3.6

Table B 1.1.3.8 Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate Bearing Factorsa (K = ratio of actual bearing strength to 100 ksi) A values Material 2024-142 treated (hea t us co ) .•.. r Thickness, B values
K (Yield) K (Ulitmate) K (Yie Id)

by

in.

K (Ul t imate)

e/IF2.0

e/IF1. 5 e/IF2.0 0.93 .96 .93 .98 .98 .95 1. 05 .93 .84 .89 .93 .90 .90 .95 .95 .92 .95 1. 01 .87 .92 .90 .93 .96 1. 00 1. 05 1.06 1.14 1.16 1. 08 1.10 0.64 .61 .61 .79 .74 .70 .96 .64 .54 .58 .61 .58 .73 .74 .74 .67 .88 .93 .59 .61 .75 .78 .90 .94 1. 04 1.09 1.06 1.07 1. 00 1. 04

e/IF1. 5 e/fF2.0 0.)6 .53 .53 .69 .64 .62 .84 .56 .48 .50 .53 .50 .64 .64 .64 .59

e/fFl.5

e/D=2.0

e/IF1.5

2024-T3 ••...........•.•. 2024-14' .....••......... 2024-T36 .. ··· ........... 2024-T4 (coiled) ..... Clad 2024-T42 ......... (he a t treated by user) Clad 2024-T3 .......... Clad 2024-14 .......... Clad 2024-T36-····· .... Clad 2024-T4 .......... (co iled) Clad 2024-T6 ........... ·

.250- .500 501-1.000 <.250 {-250- .500 .501-1.000 :::;'.500 <.250

<.210

I
I

Clad Z024-T81········· 2024-T8& .... ·....

I Clad

7075 -T6·················

<.06] .064- .249 .250- .499 .500-1.000 [- 010- .063 .064- .249 {.2S0- .499 .500-1.000 {'019- .063 .064- .500 {.OlZ- .062 .063 <.063 2.063 <.063 2:.063 <.063 2:.063

016.040.250.501-1.

.039 .249 .500 000

1.18 1. 22 1.18 1. 24 1. 24 1. 20 1. 33 1.18 1. 06 1.12 1.18 1.14 1.14 1. 20 1.20 1.16 1. 20 1. 27 1.10 1.16 1.14 1.18 1. 22 1. 27 1. 33 1. 35 1.44 1.49 1. 39 1.42

1.29 1.27 1. 29 1. 37 1. 26 1.10 1.16 1.18 1. 24 1. 24 1.24 1. 25 1. 31 1.16 1.20

1.02 1.01 1.02 1. 08 .99 .87 .92 .93 .98 .98 .98 .99 1. 04

0.82 .78 1.00 .66 .56 .68

.77

0.71 .69 .67 .88 .57 .49

.53

.77
.81 .52 .53 .66 .69 .78 .83 .91 .95 .94 .87 .90

.92
.95

.76 .78 .. 78 .74 .93 .96 .61 .64

.67 .69 .69 .64 .81 .84 .53 .56

I-dN QQ !ll

Vl
(J)

Cf.l to
()

to 1-''0

rt

~.
0 ::;l

\Jlrt

.92

1.48 1.50 1.42 1.47

1.17 1.19 1.10 1.15

1.10 1.12

1.04
1.08

.97 .98 .90 .94

ro :3 r::r
to 11

tr:I
I-'

""
0' J-'

I-'

Material

Table B 1.1.3.8 Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate Bearing Factorsa (K = ratio of actual bearing strength to 100 ksi) Cont'd A values B values Thickness) in. K (Ultimate) K (Yield) K (Ulitmate) K (Yield)

e/d=2.0 e/D=1. 5 e/D-2.0 e/D=l. 5 e/D=2.0 e/D=1. 5 e/D=2.0 e/D=l. 5 1.05 .98 .85 1.39 1.10 1.33 1.02 .90 1.01 .88 1.41 .040- .249 1.37 1.08 1.11 .91 1.04Clad 7075-T6··••••.•.••• .250- .499 1.33 1.30 1.01 .94 .84 1.04 .98 .82 .500-1.000 .96 .83 1.37 1.33 1.04 1.06 1.00 .87 .90 .78 1.22 1.22 .96 .90 .78 .96 { :;.039 Clad 2014-T6············ .81 .040-1.000 1.27 1.24 .98 .93 1.01 .84 .96 2014-T6 ........... .040-1.000 .96 .84 1.33 1.05 .87 1.29 1.02 .99 ·••• .................... .65 .34 .29 5052-H32 (1/4H)·... .50 ......................... ,........ .71 .38 .54 .34 5052-H32 (1/2H)........ .................... .78 .46 .41 .59 5052-H36 (3/4H)········ ...................... .82 .62 .53 .46 5052-H38 (H) ............ .26 .63 .48 .22 6061-T4-······•• •·••• .. .. • .58 .50 .88 6061-T6. ... ·..· ..•··•• ....... ....•............... .67

f016- .039

oil.

·.1-1

....

III ::l

•••••••

~ •••••••••

••

Q.

to

aFar e/D values between 1.5 and 2.0 bearing factors may be obtained by linear interpolation. distance, D == hole diameter).

(e == edge

!-' I't
(fj

"dNen
()Q

III

VI

CD
(')

CD
I-'

o-n::S
(l)

CD '0

en n

.....

0
b:I
I-'

CD t1

a cr

I-' \0

0-

.....

25 September Page 17
B 1.1.3 Protruding-Head Rivets and Bolts (Cont'd)

Section

B1

1961

28 Bolt

r or

Pin Dia

24

20
(j) IJ,.

VV /
V

VV
V
/

V1
7/8-I

'.-1

1/3/t+

~ .e 16 ~ be ~
v.l

... J.J
QJ

be '.-1

... ~
QJ

12

~ ~ •..l ~ ;::,

/' V l,/ V318I V 1/ __. ~ /' ~5/16 L.-o-"" V __........ ~ l..--" l--- .,.;;.;- ~/4 I »: p -.,--/ ~ _..3/16 ~
./"" ~ ~

V7 Y
V ./

/'

./

VS/IS-T

,.........1/2

i->

.04

-:

~ I---::: ~ ~

- =-.12
Sheet

::.--t:::: ;:::::::::
~
I-'

------ _e:::::
~ ~

~G/32~l/I;

-3/32._ -1/16
I

.08

.16
Thk,

.20

.24

.28

in
of Sheets on Bolts and Pins

Fig. B 1.1.

J-{~ Unit

Bearing

Strengths

Fhr

100 ks L

Table B 1.1.3.9 Plate sizes, in.

Unit Bearing

Strengths

of Sheets on Bolts and Pins; Fbr = 100 ksi 1b 3/4 in. 7/8 in. 1 in.

Bearing strength 1/16 in. 156 200 225 250 281 313 394 444 500 563 625 781 1,000 1,250 1,563 3/32 in. 234 300 338 375 422 469 590 665 750 845 938 1,170 1,500 1,875 2,344 1/8 in. 313 400 450 500 563 625 788 888 1,000 1,125 1,250 1,563 2,000 2,500 3,125

of plate for rivet size indicated, 1/4 in. 5/16 in. 3/8
in.

. w
t-'

I 5/32
in.

3/16 in.

1/2 in.

5/8 in.

~
!>1 0
I"t

C 0.

!>1

0.025 0.032 0.036 0.040 0.045 0.050 0.063 .0.071 0.080 0.090 0.100 0.125 0.160 0.200 0.250 Note:

,_..
500 563 625 704 781 985 1,110 1,250 1,407 1,562 1,953 2,500 3,125 3,916

tfJ
675 750 845 940 1,180 1,330 1,500 1,690 1,875 2,340 3,000 3,750 4,688
(1)

::r:
III

0.

1,250 1,575 1,775 2,000 2,250 2,500 3,125 4,000 5,000 6,250

"(1)

<:
(tl

~ ,_..

1,969 2,219 2,500 2,813 3,125 3,906 5,000 6,250 7,813

r+

2,663 3,000 3,375 4,500 3,750 5,000 6,250 4,688 6,000 8,000 7,500 10,000 9,375 12,500

III

::I 0.
tJj

7,812 10,000 12,500 15,625

r+
(tl

t-'

12,000 15,000 18,750

17 ,500 20,000 21,875 25,000

rn
0

::I r+

For intermed~ate

values see Fig. B 1.1.3-4

Section B 1 25 September Page 19 B 1.1.4 Flush Rivets

1961

Table B 1.1.4.1 through B 1.1.4.3 contain ultimate and yield allowable single-shear strength values for both machine-countersunk and dimpled flush riveted joints employing solid rivets with a head angle of 100°. These strength values are applicable when the edge distance is equa I to or greater than two times the nominal rivet diameter. Other strength values and edge distances may be used if substantiated by tests. The allowable ultimate loads were established from test data using the average failing load divided by a factor of 1.15. The yield loads were established from test data wherein the yield load was defined as the average test load at which the following permanent set across the joint is developed: (1) (2) 0.005 inch, up to and including 3/16 inch diameter rivets. for rivet sizes larger

2.5 percent of the rivet diameter than 3/16 inch diameter.

Table B 1.1.4.1

Ultimate and Yield Strengths of Solid 1000 Machine-Countersunk Strength, Ib

Rivets

R i ve t mater ia1 sheet mater ia1 Rh"<;'t diameter, (in.)

CL1J

2117 -T3

20l7-T3

2024-T31

. .po
t-'

2024-T3, 2024-T4, 2024-T6, 2024-T81, 2024-T86, and 7075-T6 5/32 3/32 1/8 3/16 5/32 3/16 1/4 1/4 3/16 Ultimate strength

ShLLt thickness (in.):ab

·111 .......................

I
i

0.020······· .. 132 163 0.025 •••...•.......•.••..••..••.•. 221 156 0.032 .....•...••...........•...•. 178 272 o . 040 •...••.......•.•.••. " •••...• 193 309 340 0.050···························· • 206 0.063 ........................................................ 363 216 ................ O.071 ..•................•...••..• 373 .... .. .... ... .. l1. 080............................................................. .. " ............ ....... O.090·..••....•.••.....•.••..••.•• ............... ........ ......... o . 100""" ................".............................. .. ....... .. .... ......... O.125····························· .. ...... O. 16O·.....•.•........••.•.....•.• .. ......

.. .............
.. .........

c250 c348 c418 c479 523 542 560 575

t

,.

0.190 ..................................
Shear ......................................

.. . ......... .. ....... .. .... ........ .......... ........

,.,

................. c525 c628 705 739 769 795 818 853 862

.....................

..........

....

.............

'iii

...

c726 c859 c917 c969 1,015 I·........ 1,054 .......... 1,090 .......... ...........

c476 c580 c657 690 720 746

•••...... .............
c1,200 cl,338 cl,452 c1,552 Ci,640 1,773 1,891 1,970 1,970

............

......... .........
755 1,090

217

388

596

c1,290 c1,424 c1,543 Ci,647 c1,738 1,877 . ......•. 2,000 .•...••.. 2,084 1,180 2,120
"'dNCf.I OQ t1l
~\,JlC'D

c324 c555 758 886 942 992 1,035 1,073 1,131

c97S

en ~
t1l
(tl

o~:::s

N"O

"".

t:rl C" t1l t-' 1'1

t-' \0

0'1

I-'

Table B 1.1.4.1

Ultimate

and Yield

Strengths

of Solid

1000 Machine-Countersunk Strength, 1b 2017-T3 2024-T81, 3/16

Rivets

(Cont'd)

Rivet material Clad sheet mater ial Rivet diamet:er, (. ) = ab In. 3/32

2117-T3 2024-T3, 1/8 Yield 2024-T4 ) 2024-T6, 5/32 3/16 5/32

2024-T31 and 7075-T6 3/16 1/4

.p.

2024-T86, 1/4

strength

0.020 .••......................•..• 1 91 0.025 ............................. 113 0.032 .................................... 132 o . 040· .................••••.....•• 153 188 0.050·····························1 213 0.063· .... ••..·..·······•... •• . ·•• 0.071·················· ..·········· ........

........... ........ 0.090 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. '" ...................... ........ .. 0 ..100 ............................................................................. .. ...... 0.125····..••........•..•.•...•.•• .... .. .. ....... ........ .. .... .. ..... ... .. ........ .. .... .... .... .... ........ .. .......... O. 160 ..••.••...•.•..••.•.••••••••. ......... ......... 0.190·· ..·..·..•••·· ..•·.... •..•• .... .... ...........

a ..080

.. .. ...... ............................................................. .. ................

. ...

...

98 150 198 231 261 321 348

110 200 265 321 402 453 498 537 ............

1- ........

.............
270 345 401 481 562 633

"

273 389 471 538 616 685 745 836

.. .. ................ '" ................. ...... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ....................

419 515 557 623 746 854 ~.......... ~,O18

............
610 706 788 861 1,017 1,313 1,574 1,753

. ..

.........

............

..........

............ ...........

204 362 538 614 669 761 842 913 1,021

594 811 902 982 1,053 1,115 1,357 1,694 1,925 from

Note: The values in this table are based on "good" manufacturing this will produce significantly reduced values.
a

practice,

and any deviation

Sheet gage is that of the countersunk sheet. In cases where the lower sheet is thinner than the upper, theshear-bearinga110wab1e for the lower sheet-rivet combination should be computed. Increased attention should be paid to detail greater incidence of difficulty in service. combinations design in cases where D/t >4.0 because of possibly values.

c Yield values of the sheet-rivet

are less than 2/3 of the indicated

ultimate

Ta hIe

B 114 2

Rivet Material Clad sheet material

U1' tl.mate S trengt h 0 f S o l'd 1000 D' 1ed R' 1mp 1 1vets Ultimate strength. 1b 2024-T6, 2024-T81, 2024-T86, 7075-T6 2017-T3 2024-T3, 2024-T86 and 2024-T4, 2024-T6, 7075-T6 and 2024-T81 2024-1 2024T3 T6 and I 20242024- T81, T4 2024T86, and 7075T6 1/4 1/4 2024-T31 2024-T3, 2024-T6, and 2024-T81, 2024-T4 2024-T86, and 7075-T6
~ .
.p..

2117-T3 2024-T3, 2024- 2024-T3, and 2024-T4, T86 2024-T6, 2024-T4 and 2024-T81

Rivet diameter 3/32 1/8 1/8 (in.) Sheet thickness, (in.):a O.016 ••. 177 0.020····209 299 302 0.025·.. 235 360 383 0.032·.. 257 413 454 · 0.040.. 273 451 505 '. ~ 0.050............ '" 484 548 ......... 0.063" . ........ ."' ...... '" ......... 0.071'" 0.081'" '" "' ........ '" .. ...... .. "' ......... 0.090" " ...... .. .. .. .. .......... '" ........... .. .. .... 0.100 ....
t ... ,..,

5/32 3/16

5/32 3/16

5/32 3/16

5/32 3/16

3/16

1/4

3/16

1/4

.
.

...

II

........

.......

............

II-

. ...... ........ ... ...

'" '" '"

474 568 635 693 736 755

...........

462 722 599 839 695 940 778 1,012 840 1,045 867 1,074 .. "' .. '" .... 1,098 .........
'" "' .. IeII ..... '"

'"

.....

iI

...

725 891 1,036 1,142 1,190 1,230 1,267

• .. + '" "' .. '"

........... ......

419 600 728 840 922 958 .. ..........

'"

...........
681 905 1,097 1,240 1,301 1,357 1,405
I

530 672 775 864 930 957,

.. '" ... II• .. ..... II '"

.. .. '" .........

......

'"

..

.. ......

822 1,000 1,153 1,267 1,315 1,358 1,398

'"

........
845 1,332 1,695 1,853 1,995 2,115 2,220

...

744 1,108 941 1,508 1,110 1,803 1,236 1,930 1,291 2,044 1,340 2,145 1,382 ............ 2,232 ~
II .... II •

..

........

'Ii

...

879 1,359 1,727 1,883 2,025 2,150 2,255

786 982 1,152 1,277 1,332 1,380 1,424

. ......

1,300 1,705 2,010 2,150 2,260 2,365 2,455

Note: The values a.nt.hs table are based on "good" manuf'ac l turLng practice and any deviation from this will produce significantly reduced values. ~he values apply to double dimpled sheets and to the upper sheet dimpled into a machine-countersunk lower sheet. Sheet gage is that of the thinnest sheet for double dimpled joints and of the upper dimple sheet for dimpled, machine-countersunk joints. The thickness of the machine-countersunk sheet mU3t he at least 1 tabulated gage thicker than the upper sheet. In no case shall al10wables be obtained by extrapolation for skin gages other than those shown.

Table B 1.1.4.3 Rivet imateria1 2117-T3 2024- 2024-T3, T3, 2024-T4, 2024- 2024-T6, and T4, ·2024- 2024-T81 T6, 2024T81, and 2024T86

Yield Strength of Solid 1000 Dimpled Rivets 2024-T31 2024-T6 and 2024-T81
to
I-'

2024T3, 2024Clad T4, sheet mater LaI 2024T6, and 2024T81

Yield st reng t h, 1b 2017-T3 2024-T86 2024-T3, 20242024-T86 and and T4, 2024-T6, 7075-T6 and 2024-T81 7075-T6

2024-T3, and 2024-T4

2024-T86 and 7075-T6

I-'

.p.. "'l
I-'

c
{Jl

::T

<: ro
(j)

:;d 1-"

rt

336 .... .. .. " " ........ 450 640 483 546 ....... 581 705 .. .. .. .. .. 582 " ......... 649 .. ........... 786 782 589 730 845 675 867 978 666 879 816 962 982 978 888 ,187 756 1,007~,508 738 1,308 905 681 961 1,30E 1,152 1,543 ~77 ~29 995 748 ~,006 ,415 816 1,111~,803 925 1,564 1,068 1,56~1,277 1,958 1752 ,034 778 ~,056 ,656 842 1,156~,930 ,045 1,711 1,US 1,711 1,332 2,140 .. .. .... ,070 0.080 ... ... " " " .. 1,196~,O44 ~,152 1,928 1,177 1,92E 1,380 2,260 ~, 102 ,870 ...... '" ...... ,100 ,. ........ 11 , 142D,057 ........ 1,231~, 145P.,246 2,121 1,324 2,121 1,424 2,365 0.090 .. · .. .... .. .. .... " ...... D,220 ..... .. ..... , ~,232 , .... 2,26t ..... , 2,455 0.100 ..• .. ...... " " .. .. .......... 2,255 Note: The values in this table are based on "goad" manufacturing practice and any deviation from this will produce significantly reduced values. aThese values apply to double dimpled sheets and to the upper sheet dimpled into a machine-countersunk lower sheet. Sheet gage is that of the thinnest sheet for double dimpled joints and of the upper dimple sheet for dimpled, machine-countersunk joints. The thickness of the machine-countersunk sheet must be at least 1 tabulated gage thicker than the upper sheet. In no case shall values be obtained by extrapolation for skin gages other than those shown.
II '"' ......... " '" • It " .. "

Rivet diameter 3/32 1/8 (in.) Sheet thickness in. :a 0.016.. 154 · 0.020.... 184 257 0.025.... 209 315 0.032· .. 231 367 0.040 ... 246 404 0.050 ... 436 0.063 ..... .... " .. , .. .. ........ " .. 0.071 •.•.. ......... ,_ ,. ............

rt

0 ::I

5/32 3/1E 5/32[3/16 5/3J 3/16

1/4 5/32 3/16 1/4

3/16

1/4

3/16

1/4

3/16

1/4

..
..

324 430 506 571 619 641

.... II

...... " 512 644 757 841 878 .. ......... 910

"
.....

~10 525 606

.......

" ....

. ..

10 ..

II ......

........

"

..

. :·~:·t::::

• • -to"

......

III

..

..

..

11 ..

.......

....

Section B 1 25 September Page 24 B 1.1.5 Flush Screws

1961

Table B 1.1.5.1 contains ultimate and yield allowable strength values for 1000 flush-head screws with recessed heads installed in machine-countersunk clad 2024 and 7075 sheet. These strength values are applicable when the edge distance is equal to or gr ea t er than two times the nominal screw diameter. Other strength values and edge distances may be used if substantiated by tests. These strength values may be used for the design of dimpled joints. Higher values may be used for dimpled joints if based on test results. The allowable ultimate loads were established from test data using the average failing load divided by a factor of 1.15. The yield loads were established from test data, wherein the yield load was defined as the average test load at which the following permanent set across the joint is developed: (1) (2) 0.012 inch, up to and including 1/4 inch diameter screws.

4.0 percent of the screw diameter 1/4 inch diameter.

for screw sizes larger than

The test specimens used were made up of two equal-gage sheets lap jointed and machine countersunk with washers to build up thickness to minimum grip. All joints had 2D nominal edge distance in the direction of the load and were either of the three-screws-across or the twoscrews-in-tandem type. For the latter type, the flush heads were placed on opposite sides of the joint to assure 2D edge distances.

Table

B 1.1.5.1

Ultimate

and Yield

Strengths

of 1000 Machine-Countersunk Strength, Ib screw with MS20365steel 1/2 strength 3/16 1/4

Screw Jointsab

Type fastener Sheet material Screw diameter

(in.J

3/16

Clad 2024-T3 1/4 5/16

AN 509 steel
3/8

nut
Clad 707s-T6

5/16

3/8

1/2

Ultimate Sheet 493··~········· O. 040 .••.••••..••• 65 7 761· O. 050· . . .. .. . .. . •. • 903 1 , 074 0.063·· .. ··· ··· d1,211 1,439 0.071 dl,392 d1,693 0.080 ••••· .. d1,567 dl,965 0.090 ~1,726 ~2,263 0.100 •• ••·· 1,877 2,576 0.125··· .. ··· .. ·.. d2,126 d3,054 0.160 .. · .... ·•.. ·. 2,126 d3,536 ·.. ·

~~~~;~~.~~.' ..~~:~.I

~:;~:::~~:::::::: ..~:~.~~ ~~~ ; :::::::::: .. ~; ~~:~~~ :

0.312·· .. ··
0.375 ..·· ··· ..····· "

•. .. . . .. 1 , 244 . . .. ••• 1,690 1,887 1,955 2,235 d2,288 2,600 ~2,679 3,022 3,105 ~3,519 d3,922 4,579 d4,772 d5,87S

.1 569 . 791 905 .. d1,080 1,277 d1,365 1,748 . d1,SOl ~2,006 2,252 . d1,632 dl,762 d2,488 3,690 dl,892 d2,723 4,292 2,126 d3,109 5,586 2,126 d3,5S1 7,482 3 ,680 d9,408 ........... ...................... d12,201 d8,280 d14,141 ,," 14,700

r·..·····..

• .

1,454 1,995 d2,386 ~2, 777 3,162 d3,536 d4,180 d4,8s8 dS,433 5,750

2,211 2,608 d3,10s d3,693 d4,222 d5,216 d6,193

d6,996
d8,280 8,280

4.263 5,100 6,791 8,673 10,202 d12,421 14,185 14,700

Table B 1.1.5.1 Type fastener Sheet material Screw diameter (in.)

Ultimate and Yield Strengths of 1000 Machine-Countersunk

Screw Jointsab (Cont'd)

3/16

Strength, Ib AN 509 steel screw with MS20365 steel nut Clad 2024-T3 Clad 7075-T6 3/8 1/2 1/4 5/16 3/16 I 1/4 5/16 3/8 Yield strength

\Jl
I'Jj I-'

I-'

1/2

c::. til
P'"
CIl

436 508 617 0.063 ............. 744 818 0..071······,······ 0.080 ............ 903 0.090·............ 989 0.100 ....• · ....... 1,084 0.125··· •·• · 1,296 .... .. 0.160············ 1,615 . O.19(). •.. .... •................ 0.250 ............... .... ............ ·· ... ··
It

............ .......... 732 t- .............. 931 * 854 1,035 ........... • ••••••••• 1,041 1,156 1,012 1,248 1,531 ........... 1,181 1,374 1,122 1,380 1,697 .......... 1,269 1,495 1,232 1,512 1,871 ............. 1,369 1,610 1,354 1,633 2,070 3,395 1,479 1,731 2,244 3,719 1,490 1,765 1,600 1,857 1,748 1,895 2,001 2,559 4,336 2,098 2,116 2,939 5,189 2,334 2,363 2,501 .......... 2,926 3,018 2,484 3,361 6,012 2,702 ... .............. .......... ..••.•.... 4,312 3,404 4,197 7,306 ......... ........... '" .......... ........... •........ .......... , 5,092 8,452 O. 312- ................. ........... 9,996 .......... ........... ...•...... 0,375 ...... ...·•• ... ............ ...•...... •··· •
I

032 ...................... 0..040-· .................... 0.050 .....................

...........

........ .... ..........

.••........

Ii

559 616 710 819 884 965 1,063 1,179 1,462 1,913

:E;

I'D

..........

1,722 1,887 .2,045 2,219 2,401 2,699 3,088 3,601 4,868 6,624

ro
0

til

::s

rt

3,925 4,292 5,145 6,085 6,835 8,041 9,437 ..•....... 11,686

t-

0.

NOTE: The values in this table are based on "good" manufacturing practice. and any deviation from this will produce significantly reduced values. a This table refers to recessed-head screws only. Values for sheet thicknesses above or below the range for which values are indicated shall not be determined by extrapolation. b Values for alloys in other physical conditions, for joint configurations other than that indicated in sectio~ B 1.1.5 or for section thicknesses outside the range for which values are indicated shall be substantiated by test data. c Sheet thickness of countersunk sheet. d The yield values of the sheet screw combinations are less than 2/3 of the indicated ultimate values.

Section B 1 25 September 1961 Page 27 B 1.1.6 Blind Rivets Tables B 1.1.6.1 through B 1.1.6.6 contain ultimate and yield allowable single-shear strengths for protruding and flush-head blind rivets. These strengths are applicable only when the grip lengths and rivet-hole tolerances are as recommended by the respective manufacturers, and may be substantially reduced if oversize holes or improper grip lengths are used. The strength values were established from test data obtained from tests of specimens having values of e/D equal to or greater than 2.0. Where e/D values less than 2.0 are used, tests to substantiate yield and ultimate strengths must be made. Ultimate strength values of protruding and flush blind rivets were obtained from the average failing load of test specimens divided by 1.15. Yield strength values were obtained from average yield load test data wherein the yield load is defined as the load at which the following permanent set across the joint is developed: (1) (2) 0.005 inch, up to and including 3/16 inch diameter rivets. 2.5 percent of the rivet diameter for rivet sizes larger than 3/16 inch diameter.

For tables B 1.1.6.2 and B 1.1.6.3 the ultimate rivet shear strength was based on the comparable rivet shear strength of 2117 solid rivets, as noted in table B 1.1.6.3. Test data on which the strength values of these tables were based were obtained using standard degreased clad 2024-T4 specimens. In view of the wide variance in dimpling methods and tolerances for aluminum and magnesium alloys, no standard or uniform load allowabIes are recommended. Allowables for ultimate and shear strengths of blind rivets in double-dimpled or dimpled, machine-countersunk application should be established on the basis of specific tests. In the absence of. such data, allowables for blind rivets in machine-countersunk sheet may be used. Since blind rivets are primarily shear-type fasteners, they should not be used in applications where appreciable tensile loads on the rivets will exist. Reference should be made to the requirements of the applicable use of blind rivets, such as the limitations of usage on Drawing MS33522.

Table B 1.1.6.1

Ultimate and Yield Strengths for Blind Monel Cherry Rivets in Corrosion-Resistant Sheet Strength. lba 0 Doubled dimpledD 100 100%'chine CR 562 18-8 (l/2 hard_l 1/4 1/8 5/32 3/16 1/4 1/8 countersunkc

t-'

t-'

Installation Rivet type Sheet material Diameter of rivet _tin._)_ d Sheet thickness, in.
O. 012· ....•··•· ........

Protruding heat CR 563 1/8 5/32 3/16

0'

t:C

.... ::l
t-'

0-

5/32

3/16

1/4

Ultimate strength

<!

....
~
I'tI
00

r+

242 O.020 .•........... 402 O. 025· ........................ 456 0.032········ ..·..··.. 522 580 O~O40····,········· 0.050··· •• •..635 .... .. 678 0.063.~············ 7 0.071·.. •....····• 01 · 0 ..080~........................... 717 O. 09 0· ...........................735 o. lOQ.· ................... 747 o 12S ........................... 772 e Rivet shear strength 775
of

a. 008··........ ··..........150

178·· •..•..... ....... " 286 335-" ......... 620 .. ........ 530 785·• ......... 621 712 1362 937 810 1050 1615 903 1200 1845 980 1325 2090 2220 1013 1385 1050 1438 2340 1081 1486 2450 1100 1540 2540 2710 1147 1605 1190 1720 3110

f'.....
........

560 705 808 963 1110 1240 ............. 1330 ........ 1375 ......... 1420 ........ ........ .. ..................

252 302 415 482 543 585 628

327 428 542 642 750 833 910 964 993

fO 0
::l
rt

l:...

....... ." ...... ......... ............ ........ .......... ....... ........ .......... .......

1135 1230 1400 1660 1940 2175 2275 2360 2440

...... 387 480 554 585 612 637 662 697 775

0-

607 744 793 862 910 952 1012 1190

912 1013 1109 1196 1270 1380 1720

1570 1743 1915 2180 3110

~V1!t1 OQ I'tI tn I'tI

'1:INtn
0
M"

N"C

....

eo

M"

I'tI

0 ::l

E!

C' I'tI t-' 11

t-' \0

t:C

0'
t-'

Table B 1.1.6.1

Ultimate and Yield Strengths for Blind Monel in Corrosion-Resistant Sheet (Cont'd)

Cherry

Rivets

Installation Rivet type Sheet material Diameter of rivet (in.)

Protrud1ng head CR 563 l/S 5/32 3/16 1/4 l/S

Stren_g_th. lba 100 Double dim~ledbllOOo Machine' countersunkc CR 562 1/2 hard) 18-8
0

5/32 Yield

3/16 strength

1/4

}/8

5/32

3/16

1/4

O. 008.·.·· .......• 150 0.012 .... ..·.. 242 •••• 0.020·············402 0.025 ........ •.... 456 0.032· .... •.... ··· 522 O. 040 ......•••••.•80 5 0.050············ 635 . 0.063 .... •........ 678 0.071·············701 0.080 .............17 7 0.090··· ..•...... 735 • 0.100 .............47 7 0.125-..••.... •..• 772

17S' 286 530 621 712 810 903 980 1013 1050 1081 llOO 1147

..........

...

.....

II

.......

III

.....

335 620 785 937 1050 1200 1325 1385 1438 1486 1540 1605

.. ...iii" .........

....................

..................
1338 1615 1845 2090 2220 2340 2450 2540 2710
..

151 252 412 473 497 582 620

...........

.................. ....... ........ ......... ....... ........ ........... ....... ....... ... ............... .. ................. .......... ........

185 291 535 637 743 827 900 958 977

344 793 653 800 1072 963 1395 1090 1650 1220 • 1930 1315 2145 1360 2250 1395 2350 ............ 2425

236 364 457 500 534 565 597 635

393 572 643 720 774 834 917

628 757 877 972 1075 1212

995 1242 1460 1800

a The strength values listed are based on the results conditions and should be used with caution. b In dimpled installgtions, those shown. values

of laboratory

tests conducted

under optimum

shall not be obtained

by extrapolation

for skin gages other than

c In the case of machine-countersunk joints where the lower sheet is thinner than the upper, the beating allowable for the lower sheet-rivet combination should be computed. d Sheet gage is that of the thinnest sheet for protruding-head and double-dimpled installations. For machine-countersunk installations, sheet gage is that of the upper sheet. e Rivet shear strength computed using nominal hole size and the following values for rivet and pin materials: Rivet - R monel, annealed - Fsu = 55 ksi, Pin - R monel, cold worked - Fsu ; 65 ksi.

t-' 1.0 t-'

'"

Table B 1.1.6.2

Ultimate and Yield Strengths for Protruding-Head (MS-20600 and MS-20602) Aluminum-Alloy Blind Rivetsab Strength, lb Universal MS-20600 AD (2117) 1/8 5/32 Ultimate strength and/or Brazier head MS-20602 AD (2017) 3/16 1/4

~nstallation ~ivet type ~heet material ~ivet diameter (in.) Sheet thickness, Ln , :c
0.020· .... ······ ..············ ·

For clad 2024-T4 and higher strength aluminum sheet materials

o ~032

......................................... 0 ... 040············ ..········· 0.050 ..................................... 0.063 .....................................

0.025·················· ..···

186 233
277

.. O. 080 ........................................................................................ •••.....•.•..••.•. ~ ......................... ~ 0.090 04 100 ........................ ............................

0.071 ............................................

321 386 388

388
.. ...........

..
oil

.. ...........................
,.. .................... II ............

286 368 425 506 596 596

445 544 643 753 823 862

862

601 750 961 l,nO

1,200

011 .........

0.125 ......................

........................... ......... ~.........•••

••

••

••••

••••••

... ••

Ii

...........

..................................

r··················r ••.

1,305 1,415 1,548 1,550

Tab le B 1. 1. 6 .2

Ultimate

and Yield Strengths for Protruding-Head Aluminum-Alloy Blind Rivetsab (Contld) Strength, 1b Universal and/or MS-20600 AD (2117) For clad 2024-T4 and higher strength

(MS-20600 and MS-20602)

.
Brazier head MS-20602 AD (2017 ) aluminum sheet materials 3/16 1/4

~nstallation ~ivet type f3heet mater ial ~ivet diameter (in. )

t-'

t-'

'"
to t-'
1-'-

::;

Po

1/8 Yield

5/32 strength 271 356 406 475 560 596

:;0 1-"

<!

(t)

I
I

rt
Vl

o . 020 .......................................
0.025 .......................................... 0.032···........... ,.•••••• o . 040 ••••......•...••..••.. 0.050 ......................
O. 063 .....
11' ................................

O. 071···..·•·· ..•·· ..••• ..• ............................ 0.080········"'············ ...................................................... 0.090 ... , ................... .. ............................................... ............................ ................•........ o plOO ............................................ ~~ .................... 0 ..125······· ..··············
.. ......... II .......................................

180 226 264 304 362 388 388

8 0
431 523 610 709 771 862 862 572 720 925 1,058 1,135 1,230 1,330 1,450 1,550
::;
rt

......

~ •• l •••••••••

~••••••••••••

. ...................... .......................
purposes.

aprotruding-head

blind-rivet

yield values

are included

for information

bVa1ues for alloys in other physical conditions for joint configurations other than that indicated section B 1.1.6 or for section thickness outside the range for which values are indicated shall be substantiated by test data. cThickness of thinnest sheet.

in

Table B 1.1.6.3 Ultimate and Yield Strengths for 1000 Countersunk-Head OMS-2060l and MS-20603) AI' unu.num- All oy Bl'~n d Ri ve t sab Strength. Ib 10Qu Countersunk head Installation MS-20601 AD MS-20603 AD Rivet type (2017) (2117) Sheet material For clad 2024-T4 and higher strength aluminum sheet materials Rivet diameter (in.) 1/8 5/32 3/16 1/4 Ultimate strength Sheet thickness, in.C

I-'

I-' 0\ I;d I-'

.....
<:

=' Q. ,0

.....
(fl

(tI f't

o ,.. .... 040

I-

159 236 327 0.071··················· .................... 360 o .080 ....................................................................... 388 o 090 ......... 388
II ... III• II............

oil 11- ....

I-

.............

I-

........

0.050 ......................................... o ... 63 .. 0

I........... I...... II.. I...

1- ........................................

I-

I-

.................

I-

I-

...................

o . 100 o • 125

1- .................

I ................................................

I-

...............................

I-

I-

....

I-

...........................................

I-

......

I-

........

.•................ ...................

258 369 439 511 561 596 596

n 0
398 485 577 684 768 862

e
654 795 945 1,270

=:s
rt

OQ

I;jNcn III VI !b I'IIcnrt !b ..... w"O 0

Nrt='

!b

S
(tI

0"
I'i

I;d

I-'

I-' >.0 0\ I-'

Table B 1.1.6.3 Ultimate Installation Rivet type Sheet material Rivet diameter (in.)

and Yield Strengths for 1000 cougtersunk-Head (MS-20601 and K -20603) (Cont'd) Aluminum-Alloy Blind Rivetsa Strength, Ib 100u Countersunk head MS-20601 AD MS-20603 AD (2117) (2017) For clad 2024-T4 and higher strength aluminum sheet materials 1/8 5/32 3/16 1/4 Yield strength d185 308 384 468 524 592 596

o . 040 ..•••••....••........••••.••••••.•..• <1110 o .063······................•.......•••••• . 300

0.O5()· ..···•·. . ···••••... . •.... ·•••••••••• 198 d296 391 497 614 709 862 d456 621 793 1,150 shall not be 336 0.071················ ..···················· 0.080 .................................... 377 o .090 •..•....••.•.•..•..•.•••.•••••••••.. 338 ....••.•......•..•• o . 100 .......•.....•..........•....••.•.•• .................... O. 125 .................................... a Values for sheet thicknesses detennined by extrapolation. above or below

the range for which values are indicated

b Values for alloys in other physical conditions, for joint configurations other than that indicated in section B 1.1.6 or for section thicknesses outside the range for which values are indicated, shall be substantiated by test data. c Sheet thicknesses of countersunk sheet. combinations are less than 77 percent for information (i.e., Average yield x 1.5 purposes. d These yield values of the sheet-rivet 1.15) of the indicated ultimate values. The remaining countersunk-head

blind-rivet

values are included

Table B 1.1.6.4 Ultimate and Yield Strengths for Blind 5056 Aluminum Rivets in Magnesium Sheet Installation Rivet type Sheet material Rivet diameter (in.) Protruding head m-20600 MS-20602 1/8 5/32 3/1611/4 Strength. lb Machine countersunk MS-20601 MS- 20603 1/4 1/8 5/32 3/16

t-'

AZ31A-0 1/8 5/32 3/16 1/815/3213/16 Ultimate strength

Sheet thickness, in.

a 134 165 210 268 311 363 210 260 324 410 481 524
......

318 435 391 535 494 667 607 837 ......... 665 930 0.071 .......... ···· ..······ ..· 0.080···· .................... ....... ..... 556 720 ~040 .....•.... .. .. .. .. ~785 ~140 O. 090"'·. ....... 802 ~240 1-- ........... O. 100 ............................ •..•..... ........ ....... ~440 0.125· ... ·················· ..
0.032·········· ..·········· 0.040-·········· ..········· 0 ..050 .... ... · ·..............·•·•··• · O. 063 ....................................
II ..............................

0.025··················· ..

0.020······· ..·············

....... 161 186

261 354 440 497 ..... 521 ..... ~........... ..... .. .......... 220 272 309 322

..

iii

....

,.

.. .... ......

.... ........ ....... .....

334 391 490 633 670 720 725

197 248 307 344 385 417

...... ....
...

310 385 427 482 537 596 637

......

oil

.....

470 523 584 654 895 723 992 895 1130

...... 290 465 ...... 336 503 ...... ..... 545 796 ..... .......

652 "750 756

Table B 1.1.6.4

Ultimate

and Yield Strength

for Blind 5056 Aluminum (Cont 'd) Stren th, Ib head MS -20602

Rivets

in Magnesium

Sheet

Installation Rivet type Sheet material Rivet diameter

Protruding MS-20600 (in.) 1/8

Machine MS- 20601

countersunk MS-20603 1/4 1/8 5/32 3/16

5/321 3/16

1/4

AZ31A-O 1/8 5/32 3/16 1/8 5/32 3/16 Yield strength

0.020 .................. ..,....... . 100 O. 025 ...................... 120 157 .'" ...... 0.032 ••......••.••.....•.•• 150 192 238 o. 040 .......,., .......... '" "....... '".... ' 183 233 286 0.050·····.... •..···•• .·.. 213 290 354 . 0.063 ...................... 241 326 431 b259 0.071 ...................... 350 456 01 080 ............................... "'...... b259 b375 485 b O. 090 ..'".......... '"'"'".......... 300 402 519 0.100· ..•.... .... .... 300 432 b559 ···· ·· O. 125 .... ·................. 460 642
III lit ...... '"

. ....

"' 116 336 137 396 161 194 495 600 226 677 229 746 235 800 240 852 b248 950 b263

162 188 b237 b 76 218 278 b b148 ....... 260 325 Il7 b124 b16l b 184 b 197'" .,. b 312 382 170 b b I b 217 240···· .. b185 342 416 197 b b b b 362 457 228 263 288 317 b200 b266 b306 b343 b390 b216 372 502 381 511 298 b356 b405 b470 235 399 533 340 448 b540 b640 275

oil

.........

b 236 b Z54 b275 b296 b321 b372

345 b370 b400 b457

b320

a Sheet gage is that of the thinnest sheet for protruding-head applications, and that of the upper sheet for machine countersunk applications. In the case of machine countersunk joints where the lower sheet is thinnest, bearing allowable for the lower sheet-rivet combinations should be computed.
b

"Of'..)C/) 1bV1(1)
()Q () tI)

(1)

r1"
I-'-

Yield values values.

of the sheet-rivet

combinations

are less than 2/3 of the indicated

ultimate

w"d 0 Vlr1"::l
(I)

(I)

8
11

(1)

0-

b;j t--'

...0 0\

......

......

Table B 1.1.6.5

Ultimate and Yield Strengths for Protruding and Flush Head Blind A-286 Rivets Strength, 1bs
I-'

Installation IManufacturer Rive t type Sheet mater ial lI'emperature !Rivet diameter (in. ) 1/8

Protruding head Cherry ~R-6636. soft stem

Flush head CR-6626. soft stem

Protruding head Dupont

Flush head

0>

4130 Steel 4l-43Rc

RT

A-286 Age hardened 5/32 3/16 1/4 1/8 5/32 3/16 1/8 5/32 3/16

5/32

3/16

1/4

l/S

Ultimate strength Sheet thickness:

O. 020" ..........."' ..... . O. 025 ........................ ..... ·
II ......

O. 040 ..• .......... ...... ........ • •

0.032 ................................. 800

530 675 890 960 970

........

0.050···············" 0.063 ..................... 0 ... 71 ............................. 0

oil

0.156 ................

3340 ....... ....... 0.080 •• "............... 3510 o ~090··· ..·............. ...... ....... 3650 o. 100 ............ '* ...... ........ ...... ......... 3800 ........ 3900 ~ 0.125···,..,· ..•• ..••••·• ..

....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ......... 440 825 ....... ....... ...... ....... ...... ........... 512 1060 1285 ........ ...... ....... ~...... ........ 562 1220 1570 2125 475 ~..." ...,. ....... ........ .. ......... 1360 1820 2700 640 760 ...... ........ ~...... 1465 2000 3160 860 1015 1120 ........ .......
1490

617
712

...... .- ...... .... ..... .

j. .........

...... ...... ....... ..••.. ..... ... ........ ...... ....... ......
1. ........

........

2080 2150

960 915

1165 1320 1490

1330 1540 1750 2010 2160

1650 1950 2240 2540 3270 3900

... " 766 ....... ........ 808 ...... ......... ........ 853 ...... ......... ....... ..... 904 .......... ....... ....... ".. ..... 910 ...... ....... 1- ••••••• ..... .......
...

829 910 .. _" .....

... .........

....

791 895 1040 1203 1265

"

>

.........

435 477 529 560 562

703

999 1049 1103 1157 1224 1265

Table B 1.1.6.5

Ultimate

and Yield

Strengths

for Protruding

and Flush Head Blind A-286 Rivets

Lb s

(Contld)
t:t:I

Strength, Installation Manufacturer Rivet type Sheet material Temperature Rivet d Larne ter (in. ) 1/8 5/32 3/16 1/4 1/8 5/32 3/16 CR-6636, Protruding head Cherry soft stem Cr-6626, Flush head

Protruding

head

Flush head

Dupont soft stem A-286 Age hardened RT 1/4 1/8 5/32 3/16 1/8 5/32 3/16

4130 Steel 4l-43Rc

.......... 0.020 ..•....•....... .. ... ... . 0.025 ............... 0.032··············· •.......... .. O.040········· ...•......... ... ....... 0.050 ............... ............ 0.063· .... .. ·•· ••.... 0.071 .......................... .. .. O. 080 ................. '" ~ .... ..... 0.090 ............... ....... 0.100·· .. •..••• •.. .. 0.125 ................. ........ 0.156 ...............
aYield strength
b

.. .............. ........ .. .... ...... ...... ........ .. ......... . .... .. ...... ........ ....... .......... ....... ..... .. .......... ........ ........ ........ .........

......... ...... .......

.. ........... l1li

. ......

.........

Yield

strength

....

oil

........

......... b275 .. ........... .......

-

....... .. ...... ....... .. ...........

430 595 700 825 950 b445 b670 800 950 1120 b660 bS60

........ ........ .......

.......... a37S ........ a430

.. ............

........

- ...... ....... . .........

...........

.... ... .. ....

a474

.......

........ ...... .......

........

.........

.. .. ........

.. ....... ...... .. ........ ........

or higher. combinations

........ ...... ..~" ...1- ........ ........

.......

. ...... 1040 b1l20 b1410 . ...... ...... ......... ....... 1240 1300 1460 b1680 ...... ........ . ...... ...... 1460 1935 2310 ........ ...... ........ ....... ........ ....... 3140
ultimate

"b;~·~ ...... ..........

.. ....

....... . ......

aS37 a704 a606 a775 a696 aSSl a767 alO05 ....... al067
• •••• ·4

308 358 .......... 417 451 ........ 474

•

.....

499 575 620 672 727 767

722 775 837 899 976 1667

'"dN(I)
Q) V1 (D ('l (D

is 80% ultimate

OQ
(D

Yield values of the sheet-rivet

are less than 2/3 of the indicated

values.

.....rt==' (D
a
(D

(I) r+ I"'" w"d 0

t1' P1
t-'

t:J:I
t-'

\0

0t-'

Section B 1 2S September 1961 Page 38 B 1.1.6 Blind Rivets (Cont'd)

Table B 1.1.6.6

Explosive Rivets, DuPont Extended Cavity

Ultimate Rivet Load, Lb/Rivet Rivet Size 5/32 3/16 .025 320
--

.032 410
495

Sheet Gauge .040 .051 513 620 610 796

.064 610 880

.072 610 880

.081

-880

Section B 1 25 September Page 39 B 1.1.7 Hollow-End Rivets

1961

If hollow-end rivets with solid cross sections for a portion of the length (AN 450) are used, the strength of these rivets may be taken equal to the strength of solid rivets of the same material, provided that the bottom of the cavity is at least 25 percent of the rivet diameter from the plane of shear, as measured toward the hollow end, and further provided that they are used in locations where they will not be subjected to appreciable tensile stresses. B 1.1.8 Hi-Shear Rivets

The allowab Le shear load for "Hi-Shear11 rivets is the same as that specified for the standard aircraft bolts heat treated to 125 ksi and given in table B 1.1.3.2. B 1.1.9 Lockbolts

Lockbolts and lockbolt stumps shall be installed in conformance with the lockbolt manufacturer's recommended practices, and shall be inspected in accordance with procedures recommended by the manufacturer or by an equivalent method. The ultimate allowable shear and tensile strengths for protruding and flush-head Huck lockbolts and lockbolt stumps are contained in table B 1.1.9.1. These strength values were established from test data and are minimum values guaranteed by the manufacturer. Shear and tensile yield strengths and ultimate and yield bearing strengths will be added when available. For all lockbolts but the BL type (blind) under combined loading of shear and tension installed in material having a thickness large enough to make the shear cutoff strength critical for the shear loading, the following interaction equations are applicable: Steel lockbolts - Rt + RslO = 1.0, 7075-T6 lockbolts - Rt + RsS where Rt and Rs, are the ratios of applied load to allowable load in tension and shear, respectively.

1.0,

Table B 1.1.9.1

Ultimate Single-Shear and Tensile Strengths of Protruding and Flush-Head Lockboltsa and Lockbolt Stumps
t-'

Heat treated alloy steel Tensile strength, lb Lockbolt diameter. in. Single-shear strength, lb Standard-type Stumps 5/32-······ ...................... .............. • 2,620 2,210 3/l6~.. ·•·•• 1/4-, ....... ·. 4,080 4,650 6,500 7,300 5/16-········ 3/ 8a---_••••.•• 10,100 10,500 aLockbolts are pull-gun driven:
b

7075-T6 Aluminum alloy Single-shear Tens ile strength, lb strength, lb . Stumps and pull gun p ans b

-.0

t'"' 0

Shear-type Stumps and pull gun pins

.. ....................... lit

00
t-' rt

~
en

Pull-gun pins

'D 0
::l r+

..................
2,210 4,080 c4,225 d5,050

1,105 2,040 3,750 5,050

995 1,330 2,280 3,620 5,270

850 1,375 2,535 4,025 6,275

lockbolt stumps are hammer or squeeze driven.

Collars are heat-treated 606lS. Huck designation is R-l02B or R-l029. All other collars are heat-treated 2024S.

dCollar material is heat-treated 6061S.

Section B 1 25 September 1961 Page 41 B 1.1.10 Jo-Bolts

The ultimate and yield allowable shear strengths for flush-head steel and aluminum Jo-Bolts in clad aluminum-alloy sheet are given in Tables B 1.1.10.1 and B 1.1.10.2.

Table B 1.1.10.1

Allowable Ultimate Machine-Countersunk Aluminum Alloys

and Yield Shear Strengths of Steel Jo-Bolts Joints in Clad 2024-T3 and Clad 7075-T6

in
t-' t-'

Shear strength, Type Sheet

• 11" ..........

1b F 312 Clad 7075-T6 Clad 2024-T3 Clad 7075-T6

c.....

o
I

41"

II

..

.........................

F 200
II ........

F 260 Clad 7075-T6 Ultimate Clad 2024-T3 strength

b:I t-'

o
(/J

..........

'III

II

.........................

Clad 2024-T3

no

Material

ill

.........................

-II

............

Sheet thickness, in. : 0.032 0.040 ...................................... 0.050 ....................................... 0.063 ,., .- .......... 0.071 .......................... '" ....... 0.080 .............................. 0.090 0.100 0.125 ..................................... " ................. 0.160 ................... 0.190 ..................................... 0.250 0.312 0.375
.................... 'III .............. ................................ II .. ,. ...... II ................... III ........ .. II' .............. II .. ,.. ........ '" .. .............. iii .....................

.-

....

,.

420 445 a580 alOOD al220 al380 a1520 a1650 a1890 2160 2400 2620

520 545 a700 a1200 a1360 alSOO a1620 a1740 1960 2200 2420 2620

.....

01

...............................

aS20 a620 a1040 a1300 a1580 a1900 a2250 a2940 a3390 a3730 a4260 4650

580 a700 a1230 a1540 a1870 a2260 a2700 a3220 a3570 a3860 4320 4650

......................

'III

...............

alS40 alS80 a1660 al780 a2060 a2720 a3600 a 4490 a5550 a6020 6500

al720 a1760 a1860 a2130 a2440 a3080 a3940 a 48l0 a6110 6500 6790

Table B 1.1.10.1

Allowable Ultimate and Yield Shear Strengths of Steel Jo-Bolts Machine-Countersunk Joints in Clad 2024-T3 and Clad 7075-T6 Aluminum Alloys (Cont'd) Shear strength, lb

in o
t..., 0
I-'

Type ~. . ~ Sheet

. ..
.........

...

.. .. ..

. .. .. ..
II

...

.. .. .. ..

.. .. ..

.
Clad

F 200

F 260

F 312

IJ:;I I-' rt UJ

......................

...................

Clad 7075-T6 Yield

Clad 2024-T3

Clad 7075-T6

Clad 2024-T3

Clad 7075-T6

Material

II

..........................

2024-T3

n
0

::I

rt

strength

I=lo .._..

Sheet thickness, in. : 0.032 0.040 ..................................... 0.050 0.063 ..................................... 0.071 .................................... 0.080 .................................... 0.090 .................................... 0.100 0.125 0.160 .................................... 0.190 ..................................... 0.250 ...................................... 0.312 ................................... 0.375 .....................................
.. ~ .. .. .. .. .. .. • .. .. .......... 4 ........................ , .................. iii ...................................

..

..

..

..

..

..

II

..............

01-

310 320 340 610 685 770 870 980 1200 1500 1800 2400

390 400 430 770 850 930 1025 1130 1350 1640 1960 2550

320 340 690 780 880 990 ll20 1380 1700 2010 2600 3200

400 430 790 870 980 1110 1280 1600 2050 2470 3190 3880

rooo
1090 1200 1440 1820 2200 2950 3690 4450

870 930

950 1000 1070 1160 1280 1540 1980 2520 3710 4830 5790

OQ (t)

a Yield values are less than 2/3 of the indicated

ultimate values.

Table B 1.1.10.2

Allowable Ultimate and Yield Shear Strengths of Aluminum Jo-Bolts in Machine-Countersunk Joints in Clad 2024-T3 and Clad 7075-T6 Aluminum Alloys Shear strength, lb FA-260 Clad 7075-T6 Ultimate strength Clad 2024-T3 Clad 7075-T6

t-'

c...
0 b:l 0 rt
[J)

Type

........................

II

..............

FA-200 Clad
•

t-'

Sheet .......................................... Material

.. tII ..............................

2024-T3

8 0
rt

::1

Sheet thickness, in. : 0.032 .............................. 0.040 0.050 ................. "' .............. 0.063 ............................... 0.071 ................................ 0.080 0.090 ................................ 0.100 ................................ 0.125 ................................ 0.160 0.190 0.250 ................................
............................ .. It ............................. ................ III •• It .. ,.. ............ til • oil ..

til

...

III

110

....

390 420 500 640 790 1040 1270 1450 1595 1595

450 500 590 750 880 1060 1270 1450 1595 1595

III

110

oil

..

620 790 1010 U50 1310 1480 1680 2010 2300 2520 a2790

740 940 1170 1310 1480 1650 1850 2250 2650 2790

()Q
(1)

III

Table B 1.1.10.2

Allowable Ultimate and Yield Shear Strengths of Aluminum Jo-Bolts in Machine-Countersunk Joints in Clad 2024-T3 and Clad 7075-T6 Aluminum Alloys (Conttd) Shear strength, lb FA-260 Clad 7075-T6 Yield strength Clad 2024-T3 Clad 7075-T6

o
t..., 0
I

......

Type Sheet

. ~~. . . . . . ~. . . . . . .. .. ..

.. ..

FA-200 Clad 2024-T3

rt

......
(n

tJ:l 0

............................

rn
0 rt

Material

. . . . . ~.. . . . . . . . . . .

f.-.-

Q...

Sheet thickness, in. : 0.032 · .............. .. 0.040 ....................... 0.050 "' .................... 0.063 · ................. 0.071 · ...... 0.080 0.090 .................... 0.100 ....... " 0.125 ..... "' ................. 0.160 ..................... 0.190 4-. 0.250 .....................
;.

.............
." ..............

;.

A"

.........
;00 .... ;00 .....

380 420 500 630 740 860 990 1130 1340 1540

390 430 520 700 800 915 1040 1180 1420 1590

t"

....

450 520 705 820 940 1080 1230 1550 1980 2420

590 720 910 1020 1160 1300 1460 1790 2240 2700

""j ()Q (!)

III

+"

a Extrapolated

value.

Section B 1 25 September Page 46 B 1.2.0 Welded Joints should be so designed

1961

Whenever possible, joints to be welded the welds will be loaded in shear. B 1.2.1 Fusion Welding - Arc and Gas

that

In the design of welded joints, the strength of both the weld metal and the adjacent parent metal must be considered. The allowable strength for the adjacent parent metal is given in section B 1.2.2 and the allowable strength for the weld metal is given in section B 1.2.3. The weld-metal section will be analyzed on the basis of its loading, allowables, dimensions, and geometry. B 1.2.2 Effect on Adjacent Parent Metal Due to Fusion Welding stresses

For joints welded after heat treatment, the allowable near the weld are given in Tables B 1.2.2.1 and B 1.2.2.2.

For materials heat treated after welding, the allowable stresses in the parent metal near a welded joint may equal the allowable stress for the material in the heat-treated condition as given in tables of design mechanical properties of the specific alloys.

Table B 1.2.2.1 Allowable Ultimate Tensile Stresses Near Fusion Welds in 4130, 4140, 4340, or 8630 Steelsa (Section thickness 1/4 inch or less) Ultimate tensile stress, ksi b 90 80

Type of joint

Tapered

joints of 30° or less

All others

a Welded after heat tr.eatment or normalized after weld. b Gussets or plate inserts considered 00 taper with center

line.

Table B 1.2.2.2 Allowable Bending Modulus of Rupture Near Fusion Welds in 4130, 4140, 4340, or 8630 Stee1sa Type of joint Tapered joints of 300 or 1essb Bending modulus of rupture, ksi Fb' figure B 1.2.2-1 for Ftu = 90 ksi 0.9 of the values of Fb from figure B 1.2.2-1 for Ftu "" 90 ksi line.

All others

a Welded after heat treatment or normalized after weld. b Gussets or plate inserts considered 0° taper with center

Section B 1 25 September 1961 Page 47 B 1.2.2 Effect on Adjacent Parent Metal Due to Fusion Welding (Cont'd)

..til'

h--~::--~-""'::---f"'-....::~~.......".-ko'
1-3oo:-....p __ ,........Jf----+--____::::::t: _

,
__:~

Iu.

260 k., 240 kll

Ftv' 220 hI

.. Iu' 200 kit

"lu'

"0

kll

FIu,t50k.1

l--+_::::j~;;+==::;::::;==J.... p
501G.U............ __ .

til' 125 k ,I ,. ",' 95 kll

~_-1.._--L

__

..J.._

F til' 90 hi

10

20

30

DIt

40

50

60

Fig. B 1.2.2~1

Bending Modulus of Rupture for Round Alloy-Steel Tubing.

B 1.2.3

Weld-Metal Allowable Strength

Allowable weld-metal strengths are shown in Table B 1.2.3.1. Design allowable stresses for the weld metal are based on 85 percent of the respective minimum tensile ultimate test values.

Table B 1.2.3.1

Strengths

of Welded

Joints
N

Material Carbon and alloy steels ..

Heat treatment subsequent to welding None ~ ..

Welding

rod or electrode

Fsu' ksi 32 32 43 50 and

Ftu' ksi 51 51 72 85

w
:;::
OJ
t-'

. . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. ..
......... f .................

c,

.. .. ..

MIL-R-5632, class 1 classes MIL-E-15599, MIL-R-5632, class 2

E-6010

and E-60l3

OJ

::s::

r+
III
t-'

Alloy steels Alloy steels

.....

11'1

.............

None

> t-'
III rr' OJ
t-'

...............

to

Stress relieved

.........

MIL-E-6843, class 10013 MIL-E-18038, classes E-lOO15 E-lOO16 MIL-E-18038, E-120l6 classes E-120l5

a ~

t-'

rt

en
11 OJ

Alloy steels

........................

Stress

relieved

..

II'

••

and

60

100

rt

::J

Steels

...................
........... +

,.

...........

Quench and temper 125 ksi .. ............. 150 ksi .. ............... 180 ksi ................

. ..
MIL-E-8697, classes HT-4130, HT-4140, and HT-4340 63 75 90 105 125 150

8 0

4130 4140 4340

..................

e
rt

:J

......

111

........................

..........

.....................

OQ

'"c'NCIl III V1 I'D 0 ~ til rt OJ ..... ~"'d 0

OOrt:J
I'D

S
I'D I"t

0"

tJ;j t-'

t-' \0

0\
t-'

25 September Page 49
B 1.2.4 In a allowable stress by tube that B 1.2.5 Welded Cluster

Section

B1

1961

welded structure where seven or more members converge, the stress shall be determined by dividing the normal allowable a material factor of 1.5, unless the joint is reinforced. A is continuous through a joint should be assumed as two members. Flash Welding

The tensile ultimate allowable stresses and bending allowable modulus of rupture for flash welds are given in Tables B 1.2.5.1 and B 1.2.5.2. Table B 1.2.5.1 Allowable Stress for Flash Welds Tubing Normalized tubing - not heat treated (including normalizing) after welding. Heat-treated tubing welded after heat treatment. Tubing heat treated (including normalizing) after welding. Ftu of unwelded material in heat-treated condition: < 100 ksi 100 to 150 ksi >150 ksi Ultimate Tensile in Steel Tubing Allowable ultimate tensile stress of welds 1.0 Ftu (based on Ftu of normalized tubing)

1.0 Ftu (based on Ftu of

normalized tubing)

0.9 Ftu 0.6 Ftu + 30 0.8 Ftu

Section B 1 25 September 1961 Page 50 B 1.2.5 Flash Welding (Conttd) Table B 1.2.5.2 Allowable Bending Modulus of Rupture for Flash Welds in Steel Tubing Tubing Allowable bending modulus of rupture of welds (Fb from Fig. B 1.2.2-1 using values of Ftu listed) 1.0 Ftu for normalized tubing 1.0 Ftu for normalized tubing

Normalized tubing-not heat treated (including normalizing) after welding. Heat-treated tubing welded after heat treatment. Tubing heat treated (including normalizing) after welding. Ftu of unwelded material in heat-treated condition: < 100 ksi 100 to 150 ksi > 150 ksi

0.9 Ftu
0.6 Ftu

0.8 Ftu

+ 30

B 1.2.6

Spot Weldin&

Design shear strength allowables for spot welds in various alloys are given in Tables B 1.2.6.1, B 1.2.6.2, and B 1.2.6.3; the thickness ratio of the thickest sheet to the thinnest outer sheet in the combination should not exceed 4:1. Table B 1.2.6.4 gives the minimum allowable edge distance for spot welds, these values may be reduced for nonstructural applications, or for applications not depended upon to develop full tabulated weld strength. Combinations of aluminum alloys suitable for spot welding are given in Table B 1.2.6.5.

Section B 1 25 September Page 51 B 1.2.6 Spot Welding (Cont'd) Spot-Weld Maximum Design Shear Strengths Uncoated Steelsa and Nickel Alloys Material ultimate strength, 1b 150 ksi and above 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 ............. til. 0.020 0.025 0.030 , 0.032 0.040 ................. ,., .... 0.042 0.050 , ........... 0.056 ............... 0.060 0.063 ......................... 0.071 0.080 .................... 0.090 ........................... 0.095 ................... 0.100 ................ 0.112 0.125 ................................
I .......

1961

Tab le B l. 2 •6 .1

for

Nominal thickness of thinner sheet, in.

tensile

70 ksi to 150 ksi 57 85 127 155 198 235 270 310 425 565 623 850 920 1,205 1,358 1,558 1,685 2,024 2,405 2,810 3,012 3,200 3,633 4,052

Below 70 ksi

"

...........

...

til

...

•••••••

of.

.........

til

......

11

........

......

••••

tII

.........

............

.....

,...

II

01

•••

..........

til.

"'

•••

til

••

..

tII

...

'

....

til

tII

........

..

·.. ..................
..... tII ............... 11 ............ .... I ................

....

til

••••

ill''''

til

tII

.......

...

tII

.........

·
I tII

....

til

•••

til

.....

,.

til

......

tII

......

.......

· ·
·

,..

.
,.

...........

'II

.....................

70 120 165 220 270 320 390 425 580 750 835 1,168 1,275 1,700 2,039 2,265 2,479 3,012 3,540 4,100 4,336 4,575 5,088 5,665

iI

..............

70
92

120 142 170 198 225 320 403 453 650 712 955 1,166 1,310 1,405 1,656 1,960 2,290 2,476 2,645 3,026 3,440

aRefers to plain carbon steels containing not more than 0.20 percent carbon and to austenitic steels. The reduction in strength of spotwelds due to the cumulative effects of time-temperature-stress factors is not greater than the reduction in strength of the parent metal.

Section B 1 25 September 1961 Page 52 B 1.2.6 Spot Welding (Cont'd) Table B 1.2.6.2 Spot-Weld Maximum Design Shear Strength Standards for Bare and Clad Aluminum Alloysa Material ultimate tensile strength, lb Above 56 ksi 60 86 112 148 208 276 374 539 662 824 1,002 1,192 1,426 1,698 2,490 28 ksi to 56 ksi 52 78 106 140 188 248 344 489 578 680 798 933 1,064 1,300 20 ksi to 19.5 ksi 27.5 ksi and below 24 56 80 116 168 240 321 442 515 609 695 750 796 840 16 40 62
88

Nominal thickness of thinner sheet, in.

0.012 ........ " ............. 0.016 0.020 0.025 0.032 ............................... 0.040 0.050 0.063 0.071 0.080 " ,. ......... 0.090 ............................... 0.100 0.112 0.125 0.160
.............

............................
III III ....... " ... oil .... .................

............

................

110

..........

-to

..........

Ii

.........

....................

I-

,.

....

........

.................
l1li ................... ..... , .......... , ....

II

......

·...........................
......... ,. .... ............... ,.

..........

132 180 234 314 358 417 478 536 584 629

....

II

.....

aSpot welding of aluminum-alloy combinations confonning to QQ-A-277, QQ~A-355. and QQ-A-255 may be accomplished. The reduction in strength of spotwelds due to cumulative effects of time-temperature-stress factors is not greater than the reduction in strength of the parent metal.

25 September
Page 53 B 1.2.6 Spot Welding Table B 1.2.6.3 (Cont'd) Spot-Weld Maximum Design Shear Strength Standards for Magnesium A110ysa Welding Specificatlon MIL-W-6858 Design shear strength lb

Section B 1

1961

Nominal thickness of thinner sheet in. 0.020 0.022 0.025 0.028 0.032 0.036 0.040 0.045 0.050 0.056 0.063 0.071 0.080 0.090 0.100 0.112 0.125

72
84 100 120 140 164 188 220 248 284
324-

376 428 496

572
648

720
in any

aMagnesium alloys AZ31B and HK31A may be spot welded combination.

Section B 1 25 September 1961 Page 54 B 1.2.6 Spot Welding (Cont'd)

Table B 1.2.6.4

Minimum Edge Distances for Spot-Welded Jointsab

Edge distance. E in. 3/16 0.016 3/16 0.020 · . .. . . . .. . .. ~.. ..... .. 0.025 · ......... 7/32 ,.. ............ .. 0.032 1/4 0.036 1/4 0.040 9/32 5/16 0.045 5/16 0.050 3/8 0.063 3/8 0.071 13/32 0.080 7/16 0.090 ........................... 7/16 0.100 .............................. 9/16 0.125 5/8 0.160 .............. " ................ alntermediate gages will conform to the requirement for the next thinner gage shown. bFor edge distances less than those specified above, appropriate reductions in the spot-weld allowable loads shall be made.
.. <I .........

Nominal thickness of thinner sheet, in.

. ..
11' •• oil ...........

.............

...
...

,..

.............

'III

....

iii

..

iI

..................

'III

•••

III

,..

<II

.......................

............

..................

II

••

...

"

.............

iI

................

.......

II

,.

.......

II

................

............................

<II

....

......

II

...

III

11

..................

..........................

<II

...

~ i·

JEi!r

Fig. B 1.2.6-1

Edge Distances for Spot-Welded Joints.

Table B 1.2.6.5

Acceptable

Aluminum

and Aluminum-Alloy

Combinationsa
..0

for Spot Welding

,,-..
..oj" N

t-'

,...
..oj" N

'"'
..oj" N

,...
..oj" N

'"'
LJ)

.-...

Material

N
LJ)

.-..
N
LJ)

.-...
.--l

N aJ h

0
LJ)

LJ)

'-'"

'-'"

'.0 0 '.0 ..._,

I'Q ..._,

rc

..._,
LJ) If')

(1j I'Q

CJ I-i

..-..
M

"

'"'
LJ)

.-...
-::t 0
N N "lj .--l

,,-..
..oj" .--l

.-..
...::t 0
N (I) t:Q

0 0

-e

.-..
0 0

,-...
.--l

.--l

C1

M .._,

U .._,

..._,
.--l

.--l .--l

0 0

"lj ('j
r-I

"
U

"
r-,

,...,

<1"

N "lj

.._,
r-I

,...,

I-i PO ..._,
(1j

ell

.........

t:Q

CJ I-i <tl

<Il

<Il
r-I

'-"

U '-"
(1j

Cl ..._,

I-i OJ

rt (p t-'

'-"

::E:;

I.f'\

Specification
....... t

No.
..
t;' f ••

Specification No Material
t

r-I

.--l

co

M I

M I

N
C")

.......
I I

..oj"
LJ) C")

0\
LJ) C")

00'

00'

0' 0-

~ I

M I

'.0 M

N I I

0' 0-

0' 0'

< I

<r

r-I

'.0
LJ)

I I

I I

co

r--.
I I

r-, N

"
I I

If') LJ)

~
00-

M I

N '.0 <"1

If') LJ)

r-I

0' 0-

00'

0' CY

00'

00'

~ I

I I

'.0 N

'.0 '.0 "0

I I

I I

C~
(1j

N I I

pS f(;
r+
0 ::;I p.

1-"

P.

00'

0CY

0' 0'

0' 0'

0' 0-

QQ-A-3l5 QQ-A-3l8 QQ-A-327 QQ-A-354 ............ QQ-A-355 QQ-A-359 QQ-A-362 QQ-A-411 ............... QQ-A-56l .. ~. . . .. ... QQ-A-287 QQ-A-277 QQ-A-355 QQ-A-362a ............ QQ-A-255 QQ-A-26l and QQ-A-266
• • ~ • t
of .. • • • • •

·
.........

til

••

II

..

.........

II

•••

;,

..........

.,..

til

••

....

.........

·. .
.. I ...... ..........

..
•••

;.

••••

It;,

...

••

.......

•••••

oJ

.....

••

(5052) (52S)(5052) (61S)(606l) (Bare 2024) (Bare 2024) (3003) (Clad 2024) (1100) (1100) (Clad 7075)b (Bare 7075) (Bare 2024) (Clad 2024) (Clad 2014) (Bare 2014)

f.-'

(*) U,)
(*) (*)

(*) (*)
(*) (*)

(*) (*)

(*) ('k)

(*) U,) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*)

(*) (*) (*) (*)

(*)

(*)

(*)
(*)

(*)
(*)

(*) (*)
(*) (*)

(*)

oe

'"
fll
(p V1

Ln

aThe various aluminum and aluminum-alloy materials referred to in this table may be spot welded in any combinations except the combinations indicated by the asterisk (*) in the table. bClad heat-treated and aged 7075 material in thicknesses less than 0.020 inch shall not be welded.

Section B 1 25 September 1961 Page 56 B 1.2.7 Reduction in Tensile Strength of Parent Metal Due to Spot Welding

In applications of spot welding where ribs, intercostals, or doublers are attached to sheet, either at splices or at other points on the sheet panels, the allowable ultimate strength of the spot-welded sheet shall be determined by mUltiplying the ultimate tensile sheet strength ("A" values where available) by the appropriate efficiency factor shown on Figures B 1.2.7-1 through B 1.2.7-4. The minimum values of the basic sheet efficiency in tension should not be considered applicable to caSes of seam welds. Allowable ultimate tensile strengths for spot-welded sheet gages of less than 0.012 inch for steel and 0.020 inch for aluminum shall be established on the basis of tests.

Section B 1 25 September 1961 Page 57 B 1.2.7 Reduction in Tensile Strength of Parent Metal Due to Spot Welding (Conttd) 0.012 in. 0.020 in. 0.032 in. 0.040 in. 0.050 in. 0.063 in • •080 in. 0.090 in. 0.125 in. sheet gage 60L---~----~--~----~--~~--~ 1.5 2.5 o O.S 1.0 2.0 3.0 Spot Spacing (Center to Center)t inches Fig. B 1.2.7-1 Efficiency of the Parent Metal in Tension for Spot-Welded 301-1/2 H Corrosion-Resistant Steel .012 in. 0.020 in. 0.032 in. 0.040 In . .050 in • .063 In. 0.080 in. 0.090 in. 0.125 in . •heet gage

SO~ __ -L

~ __~
1.0

~~

o
Fig.

0.5

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Spot Spacing (Center to Center), inches

B

1.2.7-2 Efficiency of the Parent Metal in Tension for Spot-Welded 301-H Corrosion-Resistant Steel

Section B 1 25 September 1961 Page 58

B 1.2.7

Reduction in Tensile Strength of Parent Metal Due to Spot Welding (Cont'd) 100 0.012 in. 0.020 in. 0.032 in. 90 0.040 in. 0.050 in. ". ~ / 0.063 in. IL"" 80 0.080 in • ~ 0.090 in. 0.125 in. 70 sheet gage

fij/

----

..--

--

~:

60

2.0 2.5 3.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 Spot Spacing (Center to Center), inches

Fig. B 1.2.7-3 Efficiency of the Parent Metal in Tension for Spot-Welded 30l-A, 347-A, and 301-1/4 H Corrosion-Resistant Steel

100 90 80 70 60 50

r:--'::;~I-I---r:;;iiiiiiiiii~ .020 in .
. 032 in. .040 0.125 .100 0.090 0.080 O. 071 0.063 0.050 Sheet

.160

in .
in in. in. in. in. in.

gage

0.5

1.5

2.5

Spot Spacing (Center to Center), inches Fig. B 1.2.7-4 Efficiency of the Parent Metal in Tension for Spot-Welded Aluminum Alloys

Section B 1 25 September
Page 59 B 1. 3. a Brazing

1961

Insofar as discussed herein, brazing is applicable only to Brazing is defined as a weld wherein coalescence is produced by to suitable temperatures above 8000 F and by using a nonferrous metal having a melting point below that of the base metal. The metal is distributed through the joint by capillarity.

steel. heating filler filler

The effect of the brazing process upon the strength of the parent or base metal shall be considered in the structural design. Where copper furnace brazing or silver brazing is employed the calculated allowable strength of the base metal which is subjected to the temperatures of the brazing process shall be in accordance with the following: Material Heat-treated material (including normalized) used in "as-brazed" condition Heat-treated material (including normalized) reheat-treated during or after brazing B 1.3.1 Copper Brazing shall be 15 ksi, for all Allowable Strength of

Mechanical properties normalized material

Mechanical properties corresponding to heat treatment performed

The allowable shear stress for design conditions of heat treatment. B 1.3.2 Silver Brazing

The allowable shear stress for design shall be 15 ksi, provided that clearances or gaps between parts to be brazed do not exceed 0.010 inch. Silver-brazed areas should not be subjected to temperatures exceeding 9000 F. Acceptable brazing alloys, with the exception of Class 3, are listed in Federal Specification QQ-S-561d.

Section B 1 25 September 1961 Page 60 Reference: (1) MIL-HDBK-5, Strength of Metal Aircraft Elements, Armed Forces Supply Support Center, Washington 25, D.C., March 1959.