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    This document summarizes key points about hypotonia in children. It notes that hypotonia refers to reduced muscle tension and resistance. The first step in evaluation is determining if the hypotonia is central or peripheral in nature. Central hypotonia is more likely to involve the axial muscles, have normal strength, and display hyperactive or normal reflexes. Other clues to central hypotonia include facial abnormalities, abnormal head or brain size, developmental delays, seizures, organ malformations, or signs of central nervous system problems. A diagnosis is usually made based on history and exam, but tests like imaging, genetics, and labs also contribute.

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    This document summarizes key points about hypotonia in children. It notes that hypotonia refers to reduced muscle tension and resistance. The first step in evaluation is determining if the hypotonia is central or peripheral in nature. Central hypotonia is more likely to involve the axial muscles, have normal strength, and display hyperactive or normal reflexes. Other clues to central hypotonia include facial abnormalities, abnormal head or brain size, developmental delays, seizures, organ malformations, or signs of central nervous system problems. A diagnosis is usually made based on history and exam, but tests like imaging, genetics, and labs also contribute.

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    10 views1 page

    Key Points

    Uploaded by

    sciboniustor
    This document summarizes key points about hypotonia in children. It notes that hypotonia refers to reduced muscle tension and resistance. The first step in evaluation is determining if the hypotonia is central or peripheral in nature. Central hypotonia is more likely to involve the axial muscles, have normal strength, and display hyperactive or normal reflexes. Other clues to central hypotonia include facial abnormalities, abnormal head or brain size, developmental delays, seizures, organ malformations, or signs of central nervous system problems. A diagnosis is usually made based on history and exam, but tests like imaging, genetics, and labs also contribute.

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    Contributors Sarah Risen MD, author. Dr.

    Risen of Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine has no relevant financial relationships to disclose. Michael Johnston MD, contributing editor. Dr. Johnston of Johns Hopkins University and Kennedy Krieger Children's Hospital has no relevant financial relationships to disclose. Publication dates Originally released July 12, 2006; last updated December 10, 2010; expires December 10, 2013

    Key points
    Hypotonia is reduced tension or resistance of passive range of motion. The first step in the evaluation of a child with hypotonia is determination of central versus peripheral hypotonia. Central hypotonia is more likely to be axial, with normal strength, and hyperactive to normal deep tendon reflexes. Other clues to central hypotonia include dysmorphic facies, macro or microcephaly, developmental delay (global, motor, or cognitive), seizures, malformations of other organs, altered level of consciousness, abnormal eye movements, abnormal breathing pattern, or other signs of central nervous system dysfunction. A majority of diagnoses arise from history and physical exam, but neuroimaging, genetic testing, and other laboratory evaluations are also important in diagnosis.

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