+

Vdd +
Resistor Voltage source (any Vdd type) DC Battery source AC voltage source Typically, i = 0 when reverse biased Polarized capacitor capacitor inductor
In resistive DC circuits, current and voltage don't change; therefore, V and I are capitalized. When voltage, current and/or other values change, lower case variables are used: i(t), etc.

Diode IC Supply Voltage: also VEE,VCC, VSS Current source Single pole switch

X A Buffer A 0 1 X 0 1

A B AND Gate
A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 X 0 0 0 1

A B OR Gate
A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 X 0 1 1 1

Crystal
Property Current Voltage (potential difference) Energy Power Resistance or Impedance Capacitance

Iron core transformer

Symbol I E (source) V (load) W P Z (impedance) R (resistance) C L Farads Henries Units Amperes (A) Volts (V) Joules (J) Watts (W) Ohms () I = Charge/time V= Energy/charge E = Fd P = E/t R = Volts/Current

A Inverter A 0 1 X 1 0

A B NAND Gate
A 0 0 1 1 A B 0 1 0 1 B 0 1 0 1 X 1 1 1 0 X 0 1 1 0

A B NOR Gate
A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 X 1 0 0 0

Inductance

Fundamental Laws of Electric Circuits Ohm's Law Kirchoff's Voltage Law Kirchoff's Current Law Power Law V=IR V= 0 I= 0 The voltage and current in a circuit are proportional to the resistance or impedance offered by the circuit components. The voltage rises (sources) and drops (loads) around any closed path in an electric circuit ALWAYS add to zero. The voltage rises (sources) and drops (loads) around any closed path in an electric circuit ALWAYS add to zero. Power in a circuit is proportional to Current times Voltage. Ohm's Law can be used to manipulate this equation: P = I2R, P = V2/R

A B XOR Gate

0 0 1 1

P = IV

Circuit Ground, reference point V=0

C = Charge/Voltage L = Mag. Field/Amperes

Semiconductor circuits require a bias voltage for proper operation.

BJT transistor BJT transistor is current gain, ic ie

CMOS transistor

Vdd

Operational amplier

GOLDEN RULES: V- = V+ Rin = Rout = 0 A = (open loop gain) Denition 1A = 1C/1s 1V = 1J/1C 1J = 1kgm2/s2 1W = 1J/s 1 = 1V/1A 1F = 1C/1V 1H = 1 Weber/1A