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Kinh nghim lp rp my tnh ******

Khi t rp my vi tnh PC, bn s c li nhiu hn l mua my rp sn. Nhng n cng i hi bn nhiu th trong quan trng nht l lng ham m tm hiu v nu thiu c tnh ny bn s mau b cuc khi gp trc trc (l chuyn thng xy ra). Bi vit ny c mc ch khuyn khch cc bn tr t rp my hay t nng cp my bi v ch c qua vic lm ny cc bn mi hc hi c nhiu v cu trc my, cch hot ng cng nh cch x l khi c h hng. Tuy nhin chng ti xin khuyn bn no khng ham thch v k thut l ng nn t rp my v trong qu trnh rp my c v s vn phc tp xy ra ch khng n gin h rp l chy u. u im: Tit kim cho bn rt nhiu tin, theo kinh nghim ca chng ti l khong 10% tr gi my. Linh kin do bn t chn la nn hp vi tnh hnh kinh t ca bn v cht lng mn hng cng do bn quyt nh. Ngoi ra do mua l nn bn s c y cc sch hng dn, a driver v bao b cho tng linh kin. Cc thao tc lp rp s c tin hnh k lng hn ngoi tim v cch sp xp trong my cng hp hn. Bn hiu r v my ca bn hn v mnh dn sa cha my khi c trc trc nh nh: lng chn Card, lng chu cm, cc mi ni tip xc khng tt... Sau khi rp th mt ln, bn s c hng th gip bn b v t nng cao trnh v phn cng my tnh. Khuyt im: Tn nhiu cng sc i lng mua linh kin cho va , thi gian rp my nu cha c kinh nghim c th ko di c ngy. l cha k linh kin khng dng c phi em i. i hi phi c kin thc cn bn v phn cng, phi c tnh k lng, kin nhn khi lp rp. Phi bit cch x l nhng va chm gia cc linh kin vi nhau. Th d: Ngt, a ch, DMA... Sau y l phn trnh by theo th t thc t bn d tip thu. Lp rp cc phn c bn test my: Kim tra b ngun:

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Bn ni dy in ngun (dy cp b mu en c 4 dy con) n cng tc Power, ch l c 2 loi cng tc l nhn v bt ln xung, bn phi xem s hng dn trn nhn b ngun ni cho ng v cch xp t chn 2 loi khc nhau. Ni dy cp in 5VDC cho mt hin s (xem cch ni trong t giy hng dn km theo thng my). Sau ng cng tc ngun, qut ca b ngun phi quay v bng hin s phi sng (bn khng iu khin c do cha ni dy vo mainboard) nu b ngun tt. B ngun khng c pht ting ng l nh: h, rt, lch xch... Rp a: Rp cc a mm, a cng, a CD-ROM vo thng my, gn cc dy cp tn hiu cho chng nhng khoan gn cp cp in. Rp MAINBOARD: Rp mainboard ln ming st bn hng thng my. Gn y cc cht m bng nha. C gng bt 2 con c c nh cho mainboard, tt nht l nn lt thm ming lt cch in cho phn c v c xit trnh chm in khi mainboard x dch. Cn c vo sch hng dn, bn kim tra v set li cc Jumper cho ng vi loi CPU ca bn. Bn cn quan tm ti Jumper Volt v nu set sai CPU s n trong 1 thi gian ngn (thng in th ca Pentium l 3V). Rp RAM: Mainboard 486 cho php bn s dng t 1 cy SIMM n 4 cy (c 4 bank). Mainboard Pentium bt buc phi gn 1 cp 2 cy SIMM cho 1 Bank (c 2 bank). Bn xc nh chiu gn SIMM bng cch t u chn khuyt cnh ca SIMM vo u c g chn ca bank. Bn khng nn trn ln va EDORAM va DRAM, ch nn xi 1 loi cho "bo m". Rp cc dy cm ca thng my: Bn nn rp cc dy cm ca thng my ln mainboard trc khi rp Card trnh vng v khi rp card bn d chn Slot hn. c k sch hng dn ca mainboard cm cc u y cho ng. i vi n bo khi khng ln bn ch cn xoay ngc u cm li, khng s h hng. i vi nt Turbo khi nt c tc dng ngc, bn cng lm nh trn. Dy Reset v dy Loa khng phn bit u, cm sao cng c. Ch l c mainboard khng c u ni cho nt Turbo (Turbo vnh vin), c khi bn phi tch dy n Turbo t bng n cm trc tip vo u cm Turbo Led trn mainboard. Rp CARD: Bnh thng my cu hnh chun ch c card mn hnh PCI. Bn cm card vo slot no trong 4 slot PCI cng c. Cc card b sung nh: Sound, Modem, Netware, MPEG, thng l cm vo 4 Slot ISA. Trc khi cm bn ch t card vo Slot xem th c khp khng, nu khng phi x dch mainboard hay ming st cho khp ri mi cho phn chn n su vo Slot. Nn lun phin t u mt cho d xung. Chng ti khuyn bn nn rp ch mt mnh card mn hnh cho d bn c nhiu card . Sau khi my khi ng tt bn mi rp cc card khc tip tc.

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Rp CPU: Gn CPU vo qut trc khi gn CPU vo mainboard, ch cm cnh khuyt ca CPU vo ng cnh khuyt ca cm (cnh khuyt l cnh thiu 1 chn hay l gc vung). Khi cm, bn so khp chn vi l ri th nh nhng CPU xung. Khi CPU khng t xung c th do cn gt cha gt ln ht c hay chn CPU b cong cn phi nn li. Nu cm cn mi, bn ch cn nh tay l xung. Tuyt i khng c dng sc CPU xung khi n khng t xung c, bn c th lm gy chn CPU (coi nh b !). Rp cp tn Hiu ca a: Bn ch cn ni cp cho a mm khi ng trc test my. Bn cm cp tn hiu vo u ni FDD trn mainboard hay trn Card I/O ri. Phi ch u cho ng u dy s 1 ca cp vo ng chn s 1 ca u ni. Rp dy cp cho a: u tin ch nn rp dy cp cp in cho a mm khi ng Test my. Sau khi my chy tt mi ni cho cc a cn li. Rp cp cp in cho mainboard: Khi ni cp cp in cho mainboard, bn ch l 4 dy en phi nm st nhau v nm gia. Rp ngc cp c th lm h mainboard hay cht cc con chip. LINH TINH: Tm gn cc dy nh li thnh tng b, ct v c nh vo ch no gn. Trnh dy chm vo qut gii nhit ca CPU, to khong trng ti a cho khng kh lu thng d dng trong thng my. Khi ng ln u tin: y l thi im quan trng nht trong qu trnh rp my. Bn kim tra ln cui cng ri bt my. Nu mi vic u n, trong vng 10 giy, mn hnh phi ln v Bios tin hnh kim tra my. Nu trong 10 giy , mn hnh khng ln l c chuyn gay go, bn phi lp tc tt my v kim tra li cc thnh phn sau: Jumper: Kim tra li cc jumper tc mainboard, tc CPU, in th CPU c ng cha? DRAM: Coi chng Ram cha cm khp vo , cm li Ram tht cn thn. y l li thng xy ra nht. CPU: Kim tra li chiu cm ca CPU, kim tra xem c chn no cong do c nhn xung khng? Li ny him nhng vn xy ra cho nhng ngi t kinh nghim. Khi nn li chn phi nh nhng v dt khot, trnh b i b li nhiu ln s lm gy chn. Card mn hnh: Kim tra xem chn card mn hnh xung c ht khng?, hay th i qua Slot khc xem sau. Trng hp card mn hnh b h hay ng mainboard rt him.

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Nu tt c u ng nhng my vn khng khi ng c, bn cn lin h vi ni bn mainboard v xc xut li do mainboard l cao nht trong cc thnh phn cn li. C trng hp mainboard b chm do 2 con c khng c lt cch in. C trng hp cn phi set cc jumper khc vi sch hng dn (ch c ngi bn mi bit). C khi bn phi m c thng my ra ch bn mainboard nh kim tra dm. Nu my khi ng tt l bn mt v tin hnh rp hon chnh my. Ch trong giai on ny bn nn s dng xc lp mc nhin (default) trong Bios, khi no my hon chnh v chy n nh mi set Bios li sau. Rp b sung hon chnh my: Ni cp tn hiu v cp in cho cc a cn li. Ni cc cng COM v LPT. Ch l phi s dng b dy c cung cp km theo Mainboard, dng b dy khc c th khng c do thit k khc nhau. Ni Mouse v my in. Rp cc Card cn li: Nguyn tc chung khi rp cc Card b sung l ch c rp tng Card mt, khi ng my, ci t cc driver iu khin. Nu Card hot ng tt mi rp tip Card khc. Cch lm ny gip bn xc nh chnh xc Card no trc trc trong qu trnh rp, khng phi on m. Trc khi rp Card b sung cn cn thn kim tra cc jumper so vi sch hng dn trnh b ng ngt, i ch, DMA... Khi ng li my v kim tra k lng: Sau khi rp hon chnh, cc bn cho khi ng my. Tin hnh kim tra cc thit b ngoi vi nh sau: Kim tra a mm: Cch kim tra trit nht l Format chng 2 hay 3 a mm cn mi v bn bit chc l tt sau ghi th ln a v em qua my khc c. C trng hp a mm c, ghi bnh thng nhng khng format c hay khi format bo a h nhiu. C trng hp a ghi bng my mi khi em qua my khc khng c c hay a mi khng c c a my khc y l do u t b lch so vi cc a khc. C trng hp a hot ng bnh thng nhng khng th khi ng my c, thay a khc vn nh vy - y l do Mainboard. C trng hp a c ghi c mt thi gian ri bt u pht ting ku ln v khng c c a na hay lc c lc khng - a h cn thay khc, ng c xi s h a mm. Kim tra cc thnh phn khc: Dng chng trnh PCCHECK cha trn a mm kim tra ton b my, k c a CDROM. LINH TINH: Tin hnh Fdisk v format a cng. Ci t h iu hnh:

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Ci t h iu hnh vo a cng chm dt tnh trng khi ng bng a mm. Theo kinh nghim ca chng ti h iu hnh dng xc nh cht lng my tt nht l Windows 95 v Windows NT. My no ci c coi nh c xc nhn cht lng cao. Trn thc t, cc my rp linh kin r tin v khng chun s kh lng ci Windows 95 ch ni g n Windows NT. C nhiu ch bn my "dm" khng dm ci Windows 95 khi c yu cu ca khch v h s khng ci c. Bn ch cn ci th kim tra cht lng my ri xo ch khng cn s dng lun, y cng l dp cho bn th h iu hnh mi ngoi Dos v Windows 3.xx. Sau khi ci h iu hnh xong, bn mi c th tin hnh vic tng tc my v set li Bios theo bn

X CC G HDD BNG DM KHI TU MI MT G A CNG (HDD) hay b virus khng b khin phi tt n lm li c a, bn chng c li thot no khc hn tin hnh nh dng (format) v phn vng (chia partition) cho HDD. Nu khng c sing hay c g xi ny, ngi ta thng nh v ti cng c FDISK ca MS-DOS. Nhng nu mun x HDD cho trit v ti u, bn nn s dng cng c ci t HDD (nh Disk Manager) do tng hng sn xut HDD cung cp. DISK MANAGER (DM) l mt chng trnh chy ngoi MS-DOS. V th, n hon ton khng b l thuc hoc b gii hn chi i vi Windows. Nh vy, bn c th d dng ci t mt a cng mi vo h thng, ph linh hn v th xc n cho CMOS ca mainboard qun l, trc khi ci t Windows. iu ny thit tin li khi bn gn cng mi, rp my mi hay trong trng hp Windows b tan tc i hoa v virus. Ch vi mt a mm, bn c th boot my v chy DM x l cng, nh nh dng, phn vng,... Ngoi ra, gii quyt cc hn ch v BIOS cc my hi b xa ri Dim, DM chia a cc k nhanh. c bit l n nh dng HDD vi dung lng chnh xc nht v c coi l ti u trong chuyn x cc g HDD c dung lng khng l. Th nhng c mt iu lu cc k quan trng: Mc d hu ht cng c DM u c xut x mt l l Ontrack nhng chng u c nhng thay i khc nhau cho ph hp vi cc thng s v tiu chun k thut ca tng nh sn xut HDD. Bi vy, bn ch c s dng DM ca ng nhn hiu cng. HDD Seagate th xi DM Seagate. Bn c th ti cc phn mm DM ny t cc website ca hng sn xut HDD. * Seagate (DM 9.56a, dung lng http://www.seagate.com/support/disc/download/dmgr956a.exe * IBM (DM 9.61, dung lng http://www.hgst.com/downloads/DMDISK.EXE * Maxtor (Max Blast 3, dung lng http://www.maxtor.com/en/support/downloads/files/maxblast3.exe * Western Digital (Data Life Guard 10.0, dung lng http://support.wdc.com/download/dlg/dlginstall_10_0.exe To a mm chy phn mm nh dng HDD c kh nng boot: Bn np mt a mm trng vo . Kch hot file phn mm DM v bt u lm theo cc 1,1MB): 1,7MB): 1,8MB): 1,4 MB):

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bc c hng dn trn mn hnh. Tt c cc d liu c ang c trn a mm ny s b xa sch. Sau khi hon tt, bn c trong tay mt a mm DM x g HDD ca mnh. s dng n, bn ch vic np vo v khi ng li my. nh dng v phn vng HDD: 1. Disk Manager cho cc HDD IBM, Seagate v Quantum: Giai on ban u ca mi DM tuy c th khc nhau, nhng phn c bn cng tng t nhau. Hin nay, hu ht cc a mm DM u t boot v t chy. Sau nhng th tc ban u, bn chn chc nng Install HDD. DM ca IBM, bn phi chn ngay tc v cn thc hin. Nu mun nh dng HDD, bn nhn phm s 2 chn tc v DM. * Menu Disk Manager Main Menu c bn mc: - (E)asy Disk Installation: nh dng n gin. - (A)dvanced Options: Cc ty chn nng cao. - (V)iew/Print Online Manual: Xem v in hng dn s dng on-line. - Exit Disk Manager: Thot khi DM. Bn chn mc 2 (A)dvanced Options nh dng HDD. * Menu Advanced Options gm bn mc: - (A)dvanced Disk Installation: Ci t a nng cao. - (M)aintenance Options: Cc ty chn bo dng. - (U)pgrade Disk Manager: Nng cp DM. Bn chn mc 1 (A)dvanced Disk Installation ci t HDD nng cao. * DM nhn din HDD ang c trong h thng ca bn. Chn Yes xc nhn. Khi trong my c ti hai HDD, bn phi cn thn chn ng HDD mnh mun x. * Trn mn hnh chn loi h iu hnh, bn chn loi d nh s dng. C cc ty chn: - Windows 95, 95A, 95 OSR1 (FAT 16) - Windows 95 OSR2, 98, 98SE, Me, 2000 (FAT 16 or 32) - Windows NT 3.51 (or earlier) - Windows NT 4.0 (or later) or OS/2 - DOS/Windows 3.1x (FAT 16) - Other Operating System Bn nn chn mc 2 Windows 95 OSR2, 98, 98SE, Me, 2000 (FAT 16 or 32) cho n rng ng binh sau ny. * DM hi bn c ng cho n format HDD bng h thng file FAT 32 hay khng? Nn chn Yes. * Trn menu Select a Partition Option, bn chn mt ty chn phn vng (hay gi l chia partition) m mnh mun. * Nu mun nguyn HDD lm mt partition, bn chn OPTION (A). Nu DM chia thnh bn partition bng nhau, bn chn OPTION (B). Cn trong trng hp mun phn cc vng c dung lng khc nhau theo mnh, bn chn OPTION (C). Xin lu : Khi chia HDD ra cng nhiu vng, bn s cng mt nhiu ti nguyn cho chuyn qun l tng vng v tc HDD s b chm li. Vi cc HDD c dung lng ln, dt khot bn phi chia vng nhng phn mm h thng c chng b sc, c th nhn din c; ng thi khi cn xa phn mnh (defragment), cng c ny chy nh hn v nhanh hn. Bn ln lt g dung lng tng vng vo hp Size of Partition (tnh bng MB). u tin l a gc C:. Sau , bn cp mt bng ln lt cho tng vng khc.

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* Xong xui, bn chn mc Save and Continue lu cc thit t li. * Mt menu mang tnh cnh bo xut hin. N bo rng tt c cc d liu ang c trn HDD s b xa sch. Bn c yu cu kim tra li tn HDD xem chnh xc cha h th bt hun. Chc nh bp ri th bn nhn t hp phm ALT+C cho DM bt u x HDD. * Bn nn chn Yes hp thoi Fast Format DM nh dng nhanh. * Chn Yes s dng gi tr cluster mc nh. * Trc khi tin hnh xa HDD, DM hi li bn ln na. Chn Yes tip tc. Sau khi DM hnh x xong, vic thit lp cc partition hon tt. Sau khi bn boot my, mi partition ny s c truy xut nh mt tn lun l (logical drive letter), hay cn gi l k t a. By gi th HDD ca bn sn sng s dng, c th ci t h iu hnh. 2. Max Blast 3 cho HDD Maxtor: Giao din ca Max Blast 3 (MB3) mang tnh ha, thn thin, ging nh mt ng dng Windows. Sau khi khi ng v MB3 c np, bn chn bc Partitioning and Formatting phn vng v nh dng HDD Maxtor. Nhn nt chn a mun x. Bn chn h iu hnh m mnh tnh ci t. Bt lun th no, nn chn sn l Windows 98 or ME. C hai ty chn: - Standard Partitions (cc vng tiu chun). Hnh thnh s partition ti thiu m h iu hnh cho php. - For Advanced Users (dnh cho nhng ngi dng hi b c ngh). Cho php bn ty bin qu trnh nh dng HDD. Trn mn hnh Drive Information, bn nhn nt ADD nu mun chia thm cc partition. MB3 tuyt hn DM ch cho php bn ko thanh trt xc nh dung lng tng partition. C mi ln nhn nt ADD, bn c th to mt partition mi. Bn c vic lm theo hng dn tng buc ti khi kt thc. 3. Data Life Guard cho HDD Western Digital: Data Life Guard (DLG) cng c giao din ha thn thin, nhng khng c mu sc nh Max Blast. Sau khi np ln MSDOS, n yu cu bn chn tc v ci t a hay cc cng c x l a. Lm theo hng dn tng bc ca DLG PARTITION MAGIC (PHIN BN 8): BU BI CA NHNG NGI THCH... VC PARTITION MAGIC (PM) l mt phn mm khng th thiu trong ti cn khn i vi nhng ngi lm cng tc bo tr my tnh hay cc vc s ti... gia. y l mt phn mm chuyn dng phn chia v ti... phn chia cng m khng lm mt d liu c trong cng (d nhin l theo l thuyt). Phn mm ny c th lm vic vi gn nh mi h iu hnh hin c v chuyn i cc dng thc phn vng cng mt cch d dng. Nu phn tch t m mi tnh nng ca phn mm ny, chc phi vit thnh mt cun sch

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dy. y, e-CHP ch xin cp n nhng tnh nng cn bn v quan trng, cc bn c th t nghin cu thm lm ch phn mm ny. Ch : PM s c mt phin bn cho DOS bao gm tt c cc file nm trong th mc Program Files\Power Quest\PartitionMagic 8.0\Dos. Bn c th chp cc file ny ra a mm hay a CD chy c lp. Cch s dng phin bn cho DOS v cho Win hon ton ging nhau. 1. To phn vng (partition) Trn mt a, bn c th to bn phn vng Primary, hay ba phn vng Primary v mt phn vng Extended. Trong phn vng Extended, bn c th to bao nhiu phn vng con (logic) cng c. Cch lm: Chn a, chn Partition/Create, chn Logical Partition hay Primary Partition, chn Partition Type, t tn (Label), ch nh kch thc (Size), chn v tr u hay cui a (Beginning of unallocated space hay End of unallocated space) v bm OK. 2. Nhn bn (Copy) phn vng Bn c th to phn vng mi l bn sao ca phn vng ang c. Chc nng ny c dng khi: Di chuyn nhanh ni dung ca a ny sang a khc. Sao lu d phng. Thay i v tr phn vng... Cch lm: Chn a v phn vng, chn Partition/Copy, chn v tr, bm OK. 3. Chuyn i (convert) phn vng - FAT sang FAT32 (Windows 9x/Me/2000/XP). FAT sang NTFS (Windows NT/2000/XP). - FAT32 sang FAT, FAT32 sang NTFS (Windows 2000/XP). - NTFS sang FAT hay FAT32. Ch : Khng th chuyn i c nu phn vng NTFS c s dng nhng tnh nng c bit nh: compressed, sparse, reparse points, encrypted hay c li a nh: lost clusters, cross-linked... - Primary thnh Logical v ngc li. Cch lm: Chn phn vng, bm Partition/Convert, chn dng thc cn chuyn. 4. Sp nhp (Merge) phn vng Bn c th sp nhp hai phn vng FAT, FAT32 hay NTFS gim bt s lng phn vng ang c m khng lm mt d liu. Bn cng c th sp nhp phn vng logic vo primary. Ch : Gia hai phn vng cn sp nhp khng c c phn vng th ba. Bn khng th sp nhp phn vng FAT/FAT32 vi phn vng NTFS. Cch lm: Chn a v phn vng, chn Partition/Merge m hp thoi Merge Adiacent Partitions, chn phn vng mun sp nhp trong phn Merge Option. Ni dung ca phn vng ny s tr thnh th mc (folder) trong phn vng kia. t tn cho th mc lu tr ni dung ca phn vng b mt khi sp nhp trong phn Merge Folder, chn kiu bng FAT cho phn vng sau khi sp nhp, OK. 5. Chia tch (Split) phn vng Bn c th chia mt phn vng FAT hay FAT32 thnh hai phn vng c cng nh dng. Bn c th chn d liu t phn vng gc a sang phn vng mi, chn kch thc, v tr cng nh t tn cho phn vng mi. Cch lm: Chn phn vng, chn Partition/Split, chn bng Data, chn file/th mc cn

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di chuyn, t tn cho phn vng mi, chn dng thc, chn bng Size,ch nh kch thc, chn OK.
[u trang]

6. Thay i kch thc/Di chuyn (Resize/Move) phn vng Bn c th thay i kch thc hay di chuyn phn vng vi mt s ch sau: - Khng th thu nh phn vng nu trong phn vng khng cn khng gian trng. - Khng th m rng phn vng nu khng c khng gian trng k bn phn vng. - Trong thi gian iu chnh kch thc hay di chuyn phn vng NTFS, nu c trc trc phn vng ny c th b h hng. Cch lm: Chn a v phn vng, chn Partitiopn/Resize/Move, dng chut iu chnh khong trng u a/cui a qua thanh cng c Partition Map (hay g s dung lng vo cc kch thc). Di chuyn phn vng qua v tr khc bng cch a chut vo gia ri bm, gi v ko chut i. 7. Giu (Hide) phn vng Bn c th giu phn vng a hay cho hin (unhide) nu bn... thch. Ch : Nu bn c nhiu phn vng Primary, ch phn vng khi ng hin cn cc phn vng khc s t ng n. Cch lm: Chn a v phn vng, chn Partition/Advanced/Hide Partition hay Unhide Partition, OK. 8. Phc hi phn vng b xo (Undelete) Bn c th phc hi phn vng FAT, FAT32, NTFS v Linux. Ch : Bn ch phc hi khi khng gian ca phn vng b xo cha c s dng. Bn phi phc hi ln lt nu c nhiu phn vng b xo v chng trnh ch hin th danh sch tng phn vng mi ln chy. Bn khng th phc hi nu phn vng b xo c li h thng file. Bn khng phc hi c phn vng primary nu a c n bn phn vng primary. Cch lm: Trn disk map hay danh sch phn vng, chn phn khng gian trng (unallocated space), chn Partition/Undelete, chn phn vng cn phc hi, OK. 9. Ci H iu hnh mi Partition Magic cn c chc nng gip bn ci t thm h iu hnh (HH) mi chy song song vi HH ang c. Chng trnh s gip bn tnh ton dung lng sao cho ph hp vi HH v to phn vng Primary mi t khng gian ly cc phn vng ang c. Ch : Bn phi t ci t HH ln phn vng mi v ci t trnh qun l Boot nu cn thit. 10. Thay i thng tin a cho phn mm Trong b PM8 c khuyn mi phn mm Drive Mapperv c chc nng t ng thay i tn a, trong cc file lu tr thng tin v a ch ca cc phn mm chy trong Windows. Th d: Bn c nhiu phn mm ci trn a D, nay v gn thm mt cng nn D b i thnh F, tt c s khng cn chy c do sai a ch. Phn mm ny s t ng thay i tt c a ch lu tr t D (c) thnh F (mi) cc phn mm ny tip tc chy. Chc nng ny c bit c ch khi bn chia li (thm, bt, di chuyn...) phn vng trn

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cng, thay i s lng cng trong my m khng mun ci t li cc phn mm. Khi chy chng trnh, bn c chn la: - Typical Operation: Cho php bn thay i k t a theo mun. - Merge Operation: Cho php bn thay i k t a bng ng dn n mt th mc. - Split Operation: Cho php bn thay i k t a bng ng dn n mt file hay th mc. LP RP V S DNG CNG Lp rp My tnh c nhn (PC) hin nay cho php bn s dng bn a cng c giao tip IDE/ EIDE cng lc. phn bit cc a trn cng mt cp tn hiu, chng ta phi xc lp bng cch ni tt cc chn cm c quy nh c th trn tng a (set jumper). Nh sn xut lun cung cp s set jumper km theo a ca mnh v nu thiu, ch c cch l set m hay da trn a khc. (Ch : a CD-ROM theo chun giao tip IDE cng c tnh vo tng s ny.) Nu mun s dng trn bn a trong mt my, bn c th mua card Ultra ATA gn vo Slot PCI cn trng trn mainboard. Mi card Ultra ATA cho php gn thm bn a cng v mainboard s qun l cc a ny tng t cc a SCSI. Ch : Bn phi ci driver dnh cho tng phin bn Windows ca nh sn xut cung cp km theo card. Cc quy c khi lp rp, kt hp a: - Dy cp: Cp tn hiu ca a cng IDE/EIDE (40 dy) c ba u ni ging y nhau. Mt u gn vo u ni EIDE trn mainboard, hai u cn li gn vo u ni trn hai a cng. Khi cm dy, ch cm sao cho vch mu cnh cp ni vi chn s 1 ca u ni. Thng chn s 1 c quy c trn mainboard l cnh c ghi s 1 hay c du chm trn, hoc du tam gic. Trn a l cnh c ghi s 1, hay cnh nm st dy cm ngun. C hng sn xut nga trng hp cm ngc cp bng cch b bt mt chn u ni trn mainboard, v bt mt l tng ng u ni trn cp. Khi ni cp, c gng xoay tr u cp sao cho on dy i t mainboard n a cng l ngn nht. Thm ch, bn c th ni u gia ln Mainboard, hai u ba ln a cng. Ch : i vi cp Ultra ATA (80 dy) ta phi cm ng quy nh ca nh sn xut (thng cc u cm phn bit bng mu sc). Gia hai nhm a 1, 2 v 3, 4 phn bit bi hai dy cp gn vo hai u ni Pri (th nht 1, 2) hay Sec (th nh 3, 4). Gia a 1, 2 hay 3, 4 phn bit bng cch set Jumper trn mi a l Master (1, 3) hay Slave (2, 4). - Trn a c cc set sau: Master (single): a chnh duy nht. Master (dual): a chnh nhng c kt hp vi khc. Slave: a ph. Cable Select: Xc lp master hay slave bng v tr u cp. C mt s mainboard bt buc a khi ng phi c set l Master v c gn vo cp Pri (1). C mt s mainboard i mi cho php bn vo BIOS xc lp khi ng bng a no cng c hay t ng d tm a khi ng theo th t do bn quy nh trong BIOS ( mm, CD ROM, SCSI, cng C hay D, E, F...). C trng hp hai a khng chu chy chung vi nhau khi gn cng mt cp. Bn phi s dng hai cp cho hai a ny.

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S dng s dng c a cng vi h iu hnh DOS/Win, bn phi tin hnh cc th tc sau: Fdisk: Phn vng a. Format: nh dng a. Trong trng hp bn mi rp my hay lm li a, bn phi khi ng bng a mm ri dng chng trnh cha trn a mm tin hnh thao tc vi a cng. Cch lm a mm khi ng nh sau: * a a mm vo a A, nh lnh Format A: /S * Chp ti thiu cc file sau ln a mm: Fdisk, Format, Sys. Bn c th chp thm NC, cc chng trnh chng Virus, cc chng trnh tin ch...tu theo nhu cu v dung lng a mm cn trng. FDISK Khi bn nh lnh Fdisk, mn hnh u tin s hi bn c s dng FAT32 hay khng (DOS 7 h tr FAT32) ri n mn hnh c cc mc di y: 1. Create DOS partition or Logical DOS Drive 2. Set active partition 3. Delete partition or Logical DOS Drive 4. Display partition information 5. Change current fixed disk drive Gii thch: * Create DOS partition or Logical DOS Drive: To khu vc trn a (c th l mt phn, c th l ton b) v to a Logic Dos. Trong mc ny cn c cc mc con: a. Create Primary DOS Partition b. Create Extended DOS Partition c. Create Logical DOS Drive(s) in the Extended DOS Partition * u tin, bn phi tin hnh mc a tc l to Partition DOS th nht. Vng ny c c im l ch cha mt a duy nht c dung lng chim ton b khng gian vng v ch a ny c php khi ng. Nu bn khng chia nh a cng vt l th bn cho vng ny chim ton b v qu trnh fdisk k nh hon tt, Fdisk s t ng ch nh cho a ny l khi ng. Nu bn mun chia nh a, bn ch nh kch thc c th cho vng ny ri tin hnh mc b. * Mc b to vng a m rng dnh cho DOS. Dung lng l khng gian cn li ca a vt l hay ch mt phn nu bn mun d tr mt vng ring ngoi tm kim sot ca DOS (dnh cho h iu hnh khc) gi l vng Non DOS. Vng DOS m rng ny s cha tt c cc a Logic m bn mun to v bn tin hnh to chng bng mc c. 2. Set active partition: Ch nh a c php khi ng. Theo quy nh ca DOS, ch c a nm trong Pri Partition mi c php active ( a C). Mc ny ch dng khi bn khng cho vng Pri chim ton b dung lng a vt l. 3. Delete partition or Logical DOS Drive: Xo b nhng g bn to trong mc 1. Theo quy nh ca DOS, qu trnh xa phi ngc li vi qu trnh to, ngha l ci g to u tin phi c xo sau cng v ngc li. Trong mc ny c cc mc con:

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a. Delete Primary DOS Partition b. Delete Extended DOS Partition c. Delete Logical DOS Drive(s) in the Extended DOS Partition d. Delete Non-DOS Partition Trong mc ny, bn phi tin hnh ngc t di ln trn tc l tin hnh theo th t 4,3,2,1. 4. Display partition information: Hin th tnh trng hin ti ca a cng. Mc ny bn nn chn u tin trnh tnh trng thao tc ln a. 5. Change current fixed disk drive: Chn a vt l thao tc. Ch : Khi bn Fdisk trn a cng no (logic hay vt l) ton b d liu trn a s b xo. Fdisk ch dng cho a cng, bn khng th Fdisk a mm.
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FORMAT Format c dng cho a cng ln a mm v gn nh l chng trnh thng dng khi s dng my tnh. Nhng Format c hai tnh nng cha c nh gi ng mc l format trit (/u): qu trnh kim tra a k lng nht, v format /q (format nhanh): cch xo a c nhiu file nhanh nht. Cng dng chnh ca Format /u l xa mi d liu c, nh dng li a ging nh khi mi mua. Trong qu trnh nh dng li n cn kim tra nh du cc v tr xu khng s dng c. Cng dng ca Format /q l khng lm g nh hng n d liu hin c trong cng, n ch lm mt vic n gin l xo cc thng tin dng qun l d liu. Khi no cn ghi d liu mi th d liu c b xo i. Do , nu format /q, bn vn c th phc hi d liu li c nu cha ghi d liu mi ln. K t cho a Trn my c t hai cng tr ln m mi cng li chia thnh nhiu phn vng (partition) th vic t tn a ca DOS d lm bn ri v chng c gn theo mt th t k cc: DOS ch nh k t a cho cc phn vng chnh (pri) trc ri mi n cc phn vng m rng (ext). Th d: C ba a, mi a chia hai phn vng th tn ca chng c gn l C cho phn vng pri ca 1, D cho phn vng pri ca 2, E cho phn vng pri ca 3, F cho phn vng ext ca 1, G cho phn vng ext ca 2, H cho phn vng ext ca 3. i vi nhng ngi s dng my tnh t kinh nghim, h kh m bit k t a c gn thuc v cng no (tr C). Bn c th trnh c rc ri ny bng cch ch chia phn vng ext cho cc cng t th hai tr i. Khi , DOS s gn k t a theo ng trt t vt l ca chng, ngha l ln lt t th nht n cui cng (v ch c mt phn vng pri trn 1). Bin php ny c mt nhc im l tt c cc a khng c phn vng pri s khng khi ng c v khng th dng lm C nu mang sang cc my tnh khc. Nu ang s dng Windows 98 trn my Pentium MMX tr ln, bn c th p dng cch n gin sau: Khng khai bo cng th nh tr i trong BIOS. Khi vo Windows, h iu hnh ny t pht hin ra cc cng v s qun l vi cc k t a c sp xp tip theo cng th nht (th d: C l phn vng pri trn 1; D l phn vng ext trn 1; E l phn vng pri trn 2; F l phn vng ext trn 2).

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Bin php ny c nhc im l khng s dng c cng th hai khi khi ng vi DOS, nhng c u im l bn vn chia a nh bnh thng (c th dng lm C khi ng khi chy trn my khc). Nu chy Windows NT/2000/XP, bn c th vo Computer Manager/Disk Management v thay i k t a tu . Format cp thp a cng (low level format) Thng thng, nh sn xut format cp thp cho a trc khi xut xng, format cp thp a cng (low level format) s ghi li thng tin nh dng ln tng sector a cng v mt vt l ph hp vi trng thi u t ghi/c lc v loi b cc sector h hng (nu c) khi danh sch qun l ca mch iu khin (trnh trng hp ghi vo y lm mt d liu). Sau thi gian s dng, c th c mt s sector b h hng hay tnh trng u t c/ghi b thay i (do cc chi tit c kh b mi mn), chng ta nn format cp thp li cp nht tnh trng vt l mi cho a. nh hng ca n tng ng vi mt ln ghi d liu v khng h lm gim tc hay tui th ca cng, tuy nhin chng ta cn ch cc vn sau: - Format cp thp a cng s pht hin cc sector hng v s giu chng v mt vt l (mch iu khin a) tt c cc chng trnh (k c h iu hnh) khng bao gi dng c cc sector ny, do mi ln format cp thp li, c th dung lng a hu dng s b gim (nu c thm sector hng mi). - Trong mt s mainboard, BIOS c chc nng format cp thp v qu trnh thc hin vic format ny rt chm. - C mt s phn mm chuyn dng format cp thp ca cc hng sn xut cng chy rt nhanh v c th s dng cho nhiu loi khc nhau. Tuy nhin, chc nng giu sector hng khng c hon ho lm (khi c, khi khng...). - Qu trnh format cp thp l mt qu trnh ghi c a ton din v trn ton b b mt vt l ca a cho nn c th ni y cng l mt qu trnh kim tra tnh trng hot ng kh nng n i vi cc a c ( no qu yu th c th tt th lun do khng chu ni th thch). Do , khng nn format mc Low Level nhiu ln, m ch thc hin khi tht cn thit.

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