ISOMERISM OF ALKANES AND ALKENES

ISOMERS
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.

ISOMERISM
A phenomenon of organic compounds existing as ISOMERS

Nomenclature of Alkanes

STEP 1 : Name the suffix The isomer has only single bonds between carbon atoms. It is an alkane. The suffix is ane.

 STEP 2 : Name the stem.

Four carbon, so the name of but. the stem is

Step 3: Numbering the stem. Begins with the carbon atom which is nearest to the side chain

 Step 4: Name the prefix The side chain of the stem bonded to the second carbon atom therefore, the prefix will start with-2. So the name of the isomer is 2-methylbutane

Nomenclature of Alkenes
STEP 1 : Name the suffix. The isomer has one double bond between carbon, C atoms.it is an alkene. The suffix is ene. STEP 2 : Identify and name the stem. It has four carbon, so the name is but.
STEP 3: Numbering the stem. Begins with the carbon atom which is nearest to the double bond

H
2 3

H
4

CC

CCH H

H H

CH

STEP 4 : Name the prefix The side-chain is a methyl group. The name is 2-methyl

So the name of the isomer is 2-methylbut-2-ene