CARBOXYLIC ACID

ANOTHER HOMOLOGOUS SERIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

CONTAIN THE COOH FUNCTIONAL GROUP ** CARBOXYLIC ACIDS IS A WEAK ACID

THE NAME OF CARBOXYLIC ACID ENDS IN OIC..acid

THE GENERAL FORMULA IS CnH2n+1COOH

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Example:
n=0 Molecular formula: HCOOH Molecular structure: O H C O H Name: methanoic acid
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Example:
n=1 Molecular formula: CH3COOH Molecular structure: H O H C C O H H Name: ethanoic acid
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STEPS IN NAMING CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

Name the suffix with oic....acid Name the stem by identifying the number of carbon atoms in the longest chain Name the prefix by identifying the alkyl group (if there is a side chain)
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PREPARATION OF ETHANOIC ACID IN LABORATORY

a) SIMPLE METHOD
Ethanol + Acidified Potassium Dichromate (VI) + Concentrated sulfuric acid Porous pot chips water Distillate

b) REFLUX METHOD
WATER OUT LIEBIEG CONDENSER

WATER IN

MIXTURE OF ETHANOL, POTASSIUM DICHROMATE (VI), CONCENTRATED SULPHURIC ACID

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Physical Properties
a) Boiling Point
 Boiling point increase as number of carbon increase

b) Solubility
The first few members are completely soluble with water. The rest of carboxylic acids are insoluble

c) Density
The density of carboxylic acids is less than water They all float on water

REACT WITH: ALCOHOL ESTER + WATER EXAMPLE: CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O REACT WITH: BASES SALTS AND WATER CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O CARBONATES SALTS, CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER CH3COOH + CaCO3 CH3COOCa + CO2 + H2O

REACT WITH: METALS SALT AND HYDROGEN CH3COOH + Mg CH3COOMg + H2

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CONCLUSION
1.General formula for carboxylic acid is: 2.The functional group is: 3.The first four members of carboxylic acids are Methanoic, Ethanoic, Propanoic and Buthanoic
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CONCLUSION
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS ARE I) REACT WITH ALCOHOL ESTER + WATER II) REACT WITH BASES SALTS AND WATER III) REACT WITH CARBONATES SALTS, CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER IV) REACT WITH METALS SALT AND HYDROGEN
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