1.

Business
Kelas Pengantar Bisnis Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung 2009

Business

An organisation that provides goods or services to earn profit

Profits:

The difference between a businesss revenues and its expenses

What Is Business?

Activity seeking profit  Provides goods/services  Satisfy standard of living- qualit livingof life


Objectives of Business

Survival

Growth

Profit

Social Responsibility

Entrepreneurship vs. Employment

Opportunities For Entrepreneurs  Matching Risk With Profit


 Revenue

- Expense = Profit(Loss)  Risk

6

Factor of Production:
Resources used in the production of goods and services: services: natural resources, labour capital entrepreneurs
7

Factors of Production
Entrepreneurship

Land Labor

Capital

Knowledge
8

Factor of Production
Labour (or human resources):  The physical and mental capabilities of people as they contribute to economic production. Capital:  The funds needed to create and operate a business enterprise

Factor of Production
Physical resources:  Tangible things, organizations, used in the conduct of their business Information resources :  Data and other information used by business
10

Kelompok Besar Jenis Usaha

Agriculture  Industry  Service

11

Jenis dan Klasifikasi Bisnis

   

Distributor/ Eksporter Importer Industri

     

Jasa Kontraktor Manufaktur Penambangan Perdagangan Produsen

Sumber: Kadin
12

Economics: Use of scarce Economics:

resources to produce goods/services, distribute them among competing groups/individuals

 Land

 Entrepreneur

ship
 Labor  Knowledge  Capital
13

Supply Curve
High

Price(P)
S Low

Quantity(S)

High
14

Demand Curve
High

Price(P)
D Low

Quantity(S)

High
15

EQUILIBRIUM POINT
High
Surplus

Price(P)
S Low
Shortage

Market Equilibrium

D High
16

Quantity(S)

Competition


Competition exists in different degrees, ranging from perfect to nonexistent PERFECT COMPETITION exists when there are many sellers in the market and no seller is large enough to dictate the price of a product
 

Sellers produce products that appear to be identical There are no true examples of perfect competition, but agricultural products are often used as an example.
17

Degrees of Competition
Monopolistic Oligopoly Competition

One Sellers
Monopoly

Many
Perfect Competition

18

Monopoly


Occurs when there is only one seller for a product or service

The U.S. laws prohibit the creation of monopolies, but do permit approved monopolies such as public utilities  New legislation is likely to result in fewer, larger utilities and lower prices

19

Monopoly = One Seller



Diamonds Utilities

20

Oligopoly


Is a form of competition in which just a few sellers dominate a market

The initial investment is usually high  Prices tend to be close to the same  Examples include breakfast cereal, beer, automobiles, and soft drinks.


21

Oligopoly = Few Sellers



Tobacco Automobiles

22

Monopolistic Competition


Exists when a large number of sellers produce products that are very similar but are perceived by buyers as different
Product differentiation, making buyers think similar products are different, is a key to success  Under monopolistic competition, individual sellers set prices  The fast food industry is an example.


23

Monopolistic Competition =
Many Sellers With Perceived Differences

Fast Food Colleges

24

Perfect Competition


Exists when there are many sellers in the market and no seller is large enough to dictate the price of a product
Sellers produce products that appear to be identical  There are no true examples of perfect competition, but agricultural products are often used as an example.

25

Perfect Competition
Sellers

Buyer
26