Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Federal Proposal in 1960
Federal Proposal in 1960
zuf'&,frltqdkwifoGif;jcif;
wf a&;xkd;=u
o!fh &Srf;jynfe,frSudk,fpm;vS,frsm;/ &Srf
rf;jynfe,fOuU� p0fcGefcsdK�kH;cef;Y
tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;ESifhywfoufI t�udaqG;aEG;yG
1? &Srf;jynfe,fOuU�}uD;p0fcGefcsdK
2? oa&pnfolp0fjy!fh
3? r[moa&pnfol p0fxGef;at;
4? oD&dysHcsDp0fcGefatmif
5? OD;odef;az
6?ODD
;qwm
7? oD&dysHcsDp0fa&$r_H
8? OD;vSaz
9? OD;jzL
10? OD;ausmfpdef
11? OD;axG;vkH
12? rpPwm zd�dk(pf) cef
13? OD;atmifoef;
14? OD;xGef;tkH
15? OD;vGef;
16? OD;cspfOD;
17? OD;wif{
18? OD;xGef;az
19? OD;cGefxD;
!Gef;rnf?
*~vudk,fpm;vS,f ig;OD;
yg0ifap&efvnf; qkH;jzwf=uonf?2
(1) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH. zH
GJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyktajccHOya'jyifqifa&; &Srf;jynfe,frSwfwrf;rsm;/ wuUodkvfrsm;
A[dkpm=u!fhwkduf/
vufESdyfpufr_? aemifudkum;v#if &Srf;jynfe,frSwfwrf;rsm;[k !Gef;rnf?
(3) ,ckpm;+rdef&dfy
yfomjzpgonf?
23? OD;cGefaemif ? ?
24? OD;&Da&mif; ? ?
25? p0f=umpkH ? twGif;a&;r�;1
1? p0frefz
2? OD;=umyk
3? a'gufwmb^m%f
4? p0fxGef;at;
5? OD;cGefpHjrwf
6? p0fausmfacgif
7? p0faq[krf2 (rkdif;yGefapmfbGm;)
csKyfykHtajccHOya' jyifqifa&;qGJa&;
(&Srf;jynfe,fqkdif&m) �ud;udkifaumfrwD[k jyifqifcJhonf?
1? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. zGJ@pnf;tkyffh
csKyfykH tajccHOya'&Sdjy�mef;csufrsm;ukd
jyefvnfpDppf&efESitajccHOya'udkvufawG@vkyfukdifaqmif&GufaomtcgY
rausmfvGefEkdifo!fh tcuftcJrsm;yg
o!fh jy�mef;csufrsm;&Sdv#if/ tqkdygjy�mef;csufrsm;ukd jyefJ
vnfokH;oyfI &Sd+yD;rludkrysufpD;apbjyifqif&ef
3? jynfaxmifpkwnfwHhckdif+rJa&;ESifh trdsK;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&;wkd@udk
xkdcdkufr!fhjy�mef;csufrsm;&Sd
v#ifvnf; �yjyif&ef/ TuJhokd@�yjyif&mwGifvnf;/ jynfaxmifpkwnfwHhckdif+rJa&;/
jynfaxmifpkpnf;
vkH;a&;/ jynfaxmifpknD!Gwfa&;wkd@.rludk OD;pm;ay;Ijyifqif&ef
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf. zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'udk 13
ESpftwGif;avhvmvufawG@ vkyf
udkifaqmif&Guf=u&mwGif Oya'u vlrsdK;a&;0g'vkdufem&ef cGifh�yxm;ykH ay:aeonf? � � �
jynfrjrefrm
jynfonf jynfe,fwcktjzpf r[kwfbJvsuf jynfe,frsm;tay:rSm/ t*Fvdyf. ae&mudk,lI
tkyfcsKyfykHESifh wlaeonf? jynfe,ftcsif;csif; rdrdwkd@qENtavsmuf
yl;aygif;aomoabmr[kwf jynf
rjrefrmjynfonf. vufatmufcHodk@0ifa&mufaom oabmoufa&mufaeygonf? jynfe,frsm;u
tvkd&Sdv#if jynfrjrefrmjynfukd ajym&onf? jynfe,frsm;tm; rdrdwkd@uH=urRmt&/
rdrdwdk@zefwD;Ekdif
&eftwGuf zGJ@pnf;tkyf
[kvnf;aumif;
jynfe,frsm;odk@ay;xm;aom t�a&;tcGifhta&;rsm; r&Sdojzifh jynfe,frsm;. wkd;yGm;r_udk
rnf
o!fhenf;ESifhr# vkyfudkifEkdifjcif; r&Sdyg? Oyrm &Srf;jynfe,ftm; wESpfv#if
aiGusyfodef; 125 r#om
taxmuftyHhay;ojzifh xkdaiGr#om xkdufwefo!fh jynfe,ftjzpfowfrSwfxm;ouJhokd@
jzpfaeyg
onf? jynfaxmifpktpkd;&. tusdK;tjrwftay:wGif bmr#0ifa&mufajymqkdcGifhr&Sday?
tjcm;jynf
e,frsm;vnf; xkdenf;�if;yif wnf&Sdaeygonf4
[kvnf;aumif;
jynfaxmifpk Federation oabmrSefrSm jynfr jrefrmjynfonf/ jynfe,fwckuJhodk@om
jzpfoifh+yD;/
tjcm;jynfe,frsm;enf;wl &&Sdtyfaom tcGifhta&;r#om cHpm;cGifh&Sdoifha=umif;?
odk@aomf ,ckzGJ@
pnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya't&qkdv#if jynfrjrefrmjynfonf jynfe,frsm;cHpm;&o!fh
tcGifhta&;
xufomvGefaom jynfaxmifpktpkd;&tm%mtcGifhta&;udk csKyfudkifokH;pG
Jxm;ojzifh tjcm;jynf
e,frsm;u rauseyfjcif; jzpfygonf? rnfo!fh jynfe,fom;urqkd jynfaxmifpkysufjym;&ef
pdwfxm;&Sd=uolr&Sdyg? jynfrjrefrmjynfu jynfaxmifpktwGif;&Sd jynfe,fwe,ftaeESifh
tjcm;jynf
1 jyne,faygi;fpkHnDvmcHrSwfwrf;/ pm 43 - 44?
2 (u) jynfe,faygif;pkHnDvmcHrSwfwrf;/ pm 44?
e,frsm;wkd@ES
vkdtyfonf[
&Srf;jynfe,fqkdif&m �ud;ukdifaumfrwDu,lqcJhonf? �if;aumfrwDwGif yg0ifcJh=uo!fh
rnfo!fhEkdifiHa&;ygwD
ur#vnf; tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;ESifhywfoufI pHxm;&r!fhrludk
t}uHay;wifoGif;Ekdfifjcif; r&SdcJhay? xkd@
a=umifh Adkvfwaxmifowif;pmwGif OD;xGef;jrifh (awmif}uD;). �u|efawmfwkd@vkdvm;aom
jynfaxmifpkpHepf�
acgif;pOfyg a&;om;csufrsm;udk tajccHI tajccHOya' jyifqifa&;vkyfief;rsm;pwif&ef
&Srf;jynfqkdif&m �ud;ukdif
aumfrwDu qk
H;jzwfcJhonf?2
vuf&SdjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH. zGJ@pnf;tk
1? Armjynfe,fzGJ@pnf;a&;
2? jynfaxmifpkygvDrefv$wfawmfESpf&yftm; tm%mwlay;a&;
3? vlrdsK;pkv$wfawmfokd@ jynfe,fwkdif; nDr#aomudk,fpm;vS,fapv$wfa&;
4? A[dk&fjynfaxmifpktm; atmufygXmersm;v$Jtyf
(u) EkdifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;
(c) jynfaxmifpkumuG,fa&;
(*) jynfaxmifpkb�a&;
(C) aiG'*Fg;ESifh aiGpuULxkwfvkyfa&;
1 ,if;
2 jynfe,faygif;pkH nDvmcHrSwfwrf;/ pm 44-45?
(i) pmwkdufESifha=u;eef;qufoG,fa&;
(p) rD;&xm;/ ava=umif;/ a&a=umif;qufoG,fa&;
(q) jynfaxmifpkw&m;pD&ifa&;
(Z) yifv,fqdyfurf;cGefaumufa&;
5? jynfaxmifpkb�awmfr#wpGmcGJa0a&;?1
�ud;ukdifaumfrwDonf tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;ESifhywfoufI l
txufygrudkcsrSwf+yD;aemuf
OD;xGef;jrifh (awmif}uD;)/ rkdif;yGefapmfbGm; p0faq;[krf/ pnfolOD;wif/
OD;ausmfpdef/ OD;=umykESifh OD;vS&Sdefwkd@ yg0if
o!fh qyfaumfrwDudkvnf; zGJ@pnf;cJhonf? tqkdygqyfaumfrwD0ifrsm;onf
�ud;udkifaumfrwD. wm0efay;
csuft& &efukefokd@vma&mufI tajccHOya'ESifhywfoufo!fh taxmuftxm;rsm;udk &SmazGpk
aqmif; avh
vm=uonf?2 xkdaemuf qyfaumfrwD. tpD&ifcHpmudk �ud;udkifaumfrwDokd@ wifoGif;onf?
�ud;ukdifaumfr
wDu qyfaumfrwD. tpD&ifcHpmukd avhvmokH;oyf
jyifqifjz!fhpGuf+yD;aemuf &Srf;jynfe,frSwifoGif;aom
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHzGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;
udk�ypk+yD; 1961 azazmf0g&Dv 25
&ufae@awmif}uD;�rd@Y usif;yaom jynfvkH;u|wfnDvmcH}uD;u
tqkdygpmwrf;ukdtwnf�ycJhonf?3
okH;&mwGif awG@�uHcJh&o!fhcsdK@,Gif;csufrsm;ESifhtcuftcJrsm;
4? jynfaxmifpkppfppfwnfaqmufa&;
wkd@jzpfonf? tykdif;wpfwGif &Srf;vlrsdK;rsm; jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;odk@
0ifa&mufvmykHESifh 'kwd,urBmpp+yD;txdf&Srf; Armqufa&;rsm;ta=umif;
tusOf;csKyfazmfjyxm;onf? tydkif;ESf
m zGJ@pnf;tkycsKyfykH tajccHOya'ESifhywfoufo!fh
'kwd,vrf;!$ef;csufjzpfo!fh
jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHawmfwGif zGJ@pnf;tkyff
%m&&Sdap&rnf
qkdaomtcsufonf jynfaxmifpkzGJ@pnf;a&;twGuf a,bk,stajccHoabmomjzpfa=umif;
azmfjyxm;.?
xkd@jyif wkdif;jynf�yv$wfawmfwGif zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya'ESifh ywfoufo!fh
vrf;!$efjy�mef;csuf tqkd
udkwifoGif;&mwGif
1 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 1?
2 (u) ukd,fawG@ajym=um;csufrsm;/ 0122/ orkdif;Xme (okawoe)/ &efukefouUodkvf?
(c) udkk,fawG/
@ajym=um;csufrsm;/ 0137/ orkdif;Xme (okawoe) &efukefouUokdvf?
3 (u) tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 1?
vufcH&ef
xif&Sm;avonf1
twkdif;wifjyxm;onf?
}uHcHvkduf&onf/
wwkdif;wjynfvkH; ,l�uH;r& 0rf;enf;a=uuGJcJh=uonf?
aoG;csif;om;csif;nDtpfudkrsm;ydkI
aoG;pnf;nD!Gwf&r!fh tajcodk@a&mufcJhonf?
rdwdk@a'ojyefoGm;&ifaumif;rnf?
e,fpyfa'o wkd;wufa&;twGuf txl;axmufyHhaiGvkdor# xkwfay;rnfponfjzifh zsm;a,mif;
I aoG;cGJ&ef�ud;pm;=uao;onf?
3?
ArmjynfrESifh ruGJruGmyl;wGJI vGwfvyfa&;,l&ef oEMd�mefcsxm;aom
&Srf;jynfudk,fpm;vS,f
rsm;onf e,fcsJ@. aoG;cGJr_udk vufrcH/ wkdif;jynf�yv$wfawmfokd@
qufvufyg0ifaqmif&GufcJh=u
onf?
4?
wkdif;jynf�yv$wfawmfodk@ wufa&mufvmaom &Srf;jynfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf (1)
EkdifiHa&;t
awG@t�uHEke,fjcif; (2) Oya'�yr_vkyf
[
pGyfpGJxm;jcif;jzpfayonf? odk@aomfwkif;jynf�yv$oufo!fh vrf;!Gefjy�mef;csuftqkdudk
AdkvfcsKyf
tcsdK@udk
jyifqifI wifoGif;cJhonf? xkdodk@jyifqifI wifoGif;a=umif;udkvnf;
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;udkwkdifu �rlvyXrwkef;u u|efawmf
wifoGif;&r!fhtqdk[m zqyv yXrnDvmcHwkef;u qkH;jzwfcJhwJhtqkdbJjzpfygw,fdk
rS jynaxmifpkEkdifiHxJ 'De,fawG0if+yD;om;jzpfoGm;rnfvmqkd+yD;
pOf;pm;r'gESif�zwypfcJh+yD;
tckvkd omrnqkdxm;jcif;jzpfygw,f� [kajym=um;cJhonf?
jrefrmEkdifiHawmfwkdf
5? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ajym=um;o!fhtwkdif; Oya'pum;vkH;xuf/
pdwf"gwfudk,kH=unfudk;pm;cJh
onf? vGwfvyfa&;&&Sd+yD;o!fhaemuf aoG;csif;om;csif;awG Oya'pum;vkH;awGudkom twd
tus t"dy`g,faumufjcif;/ t=uyfudkifjcif;rsm; �yvkyfvdrfhrnfr[kwf[k ,lqcJh=uonf?
I a=uuGJ0rf;enf;jzpfaeonf
vnf;wa=umif; acgif;aqmif}uD;rsm;csxm;ay;oGm;o!fh vrf;pOftwkdif; vGwfvyfa&;aqmvsif
pGm&,lvkdIwa=umif;/ vGwfvyfa&;&&Sd+yD;o!fhaemuf aoG;csif;om;csif; tcsif;csif;
rl;wif;yJ
wif; aps;qpft=uyfudkifr_rsm; vkyf
m atmufusaemufusoabmaqmif
aeI xkdpum;&yftpm; &Srf;jynf/ ucsifjynf/ u&ifjynf/ u,m;jynfESifh csif;jynf[k
tpm;xkd;oifha=umif;t
}uH�yxm;onf? xkdaemuf zqyv y%mrnDvmcHwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u wpfjynfaxmifpepf
(unitary
state) zGJ@pnf;&efroifhawmfa=umif; twdtvif;ajym=um;cJhojzifhvGwfvyfaom
jynfrsm;jzifh pkaygif;zGJ@pnf;
xm;aom jynfaxmifpkqkdo!fhoabmukd tajccHOya'ed'gef;wGif yD
yDjyifjyifx!hfoGif;azmfjyxm;oifha=umif;
vnf;wifjyxm;onf?2
e,fajrtm;vkH;ESih
oufqkdifaom Oya'�yr_tm%m tkyfcsKyfr_tm%m w&m;pD&ifr_tm%m tm;vkH;udk jynfaxmifpk
jrefrmEkdfifiH. vkyfief;tzGJ@rsm;ESifh t&m&Sdrsm;uomv#ifaomf�if;/
xkdtzGJ@rsm;ESifh t&m&Sdrsm;. tcGifh
tm%mt&omv#ifaomf�if;/ okH;pGJEkdif&rnf3
1 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 14 - 15?
2 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 15 - 16?
3 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHf
tajccHOya'/ yk'r *?
1 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 16 - 17?
2 tcef; 2 ? rlvtcGifhta&;rsm;
3 tcef; 3 ? awmifolv,form;rsm;ESifh tvkyform;rsm;twGuf
EkdifiHawmf.wm0ef0wfw&m;rsm;
4 tcef; 4 ? EkdifiHawmf. 0g'&nf!$ef;csufrlrsm;
5 zGJ@pnf;tyfcsKyfykHf
ktajccHOya'/ yk'r 9?
6 yk'fr 42? udk,fusdK;tjrwftpGefGGJf
&rnf?
8 yk'fr 44? (1) ? jynfolokH;vkyfief;rsm;udk EkdifiHawmftpdk;&udkk,fwkdifuaomf�if;/
a'oEW&tzGJ@rsm;uaomf�if;/ jynfowkd@.or0g,r ltpnf;t�kH;rsm;uaomf�if;/
wnfaxmifvkyfudkifap&ef/ EkdifiHawmftpkd;&Y 0g'xm;&SdI xkd0g'twkdif;
a&S@�_aqmif&Guf&rnf?
(2) ? jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHawmftwGif;wGif/ f
"eypPn;xGufrnfh obm0yif&if;tajctjrpfrsm;udk EkdifiHawmftpdk;&udk,fwkdifu aomf�if;/
k;&udk,fpm;
aqmif&GufEkdifa=umif; xkda=umifh&Srf;jynfe,ftpkd;&onf ypPnf;wpfckckudk
&,lvkdaomtcg omreft&yfom;
rsm;enf;wl ta&mif;t0,f�yvkyfo!fhenf;jzifhom aqmif&Guf&a=umif;/ odk@aomf
jynfaxmifpktpkd;&Xmersm;
u &Srf;jynfe,f&SdypPnf;rsm;udk &,l&mYrl jynfaxmifpktm%mrsm;udkokH;pGJ+yD;
jynfe,frsm;tm; rwkdifyifbJ
odrf;,lavh&Sdojzifh jynfe,ftpdk;&tm; ta&;rxm;&ma&mufa=umif;/ Oyrmqkdv#if �avmydw�
v#yfppf
"gwf�ud;rsm;udk &Srf;jynfe,frSjzwfI txufjrefrmjynfokd@ qufoG,f&mY
"gwfwkdifrsm;pdkuf&ef ajrrsm;udk odrf;
,lcJh&mwGif avsmfa=u;ray;o!fhtjyif &Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;&tm;vnf;
�udwiftoday;jcif;r&Sda=umif; wifjy
xm;onf?2
rf;jynfe,fuvkyfykdifcGifhr&Sda=umif;/ vGwf
vyfa&;r&rDu &Srf;jynfe,fuykdifqkdifaomajr,mrsm;ESifh ywfoufIvnf;aumif;/
&Srf;jynfe,fvlxktwGuf
ajr,mv$Jajymif;jcif;/ ajr,mpGef@v$wfjcif;/ ajr,mqufcHjcif;/
ajr,mvufvGwfr_rSumuG,fjcif; po!fhpnf;
1 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHf
urf;owfrSwfa&;ESifhywfoufIvnf;aumif;/ &Srf;jynfe,ftwGuf
qkH;�_H;v#uf&Sdaea=umif;vnf;wifjyxm;
.?1
tajccHOya'yk'fr 31 wGif
1? pD;yGm;a&;Yolwyg;udkepfemapI udk,fusdK;&Smjcif;rSumqD;a&;twGuf/
rdrdwkd@tcsif;csif; aygif;oif;
zGJ@pnf;Ekdif=uap&ef tvkyform;rsm;tm; EkdifiHawmfonf
pD;yGg;a&;qkdif&maqmif&Gufcsufjzifh�if;/
tjcm;aqmif &Gufjcif;jzifh�if; ulnDEkdifonf?
2? tvkyform;rsm;tm;pnf;�kH;ykdifcGifhay;ap&ef�if;/ tvkyfvkyfaomtcsdefem&Dwkd@udk
uef@owfap&ef
�if;/ ESpfpOftm;vyf&ufrsm;&cGifh&Sdatmif pDrHap&ef�if;/ tvkyfcGifESifhtajctaeudk
aumif;rGef
atmif�yap&ef�if;/ &nf&G,fI/ EkdifiHawmfonf Oya'�yay;jcif;jzifh/ tvkyform;rsm;udk
umuG,f
apmifha&Smuf&rnf? xkd@jyif ta=umif;nD!Gwfv#if nD!Gwfjcif; aecif;xkdifcif;ESifh
axmufyHhr_
tmrcHpepfwkd@twGuf pDrHcsufrsm;udktm;ay;jcif;jzifhvnf; umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&rnf2
yfcsKyfa&;udpP/ ,Ofaus;
r_udpP/ pD;yGm;a&;udpPrsm;twGuf txift&Sm;azmfjyxm;aom tm%mrsm;udkv$Jay;&ef/
w&m;Oya'
jzifhjy�mef;csuf�yEkdifonf? xkdjy�mef;csufrsm;yg0ifaom w&m;Oya'onf/
xkdudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@rsm;.
tcGifhta&;rsm;tm%mrsm;ESifh wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk�if;/ xkdtzGJ@rsm;ESifhygvDrefwkd@.
qufqHa&;udk
�if;/ xkdtzGJ@rsm;ESifh jynfaxmifpktpkd;&wkd@. qufqHa&;udk�if;owfrSwf&rnf3
ajrudpP/ owWKwl;azmf�yjyifa&;
udpP pnf;rsOf;owfrS
[kqkdxm;o!fhtcsufESifhywfoufI jynfe,frsm;.tzdk;wefjzpfaomopfawmypPnf;/
owWKypPnf;ESifh a&eH
rsm;xkwf,lokH;pGJcGifhudk jynfruomcsKyfudkifxm;jcif;/
oufqkdif&mjynfe,f0ef}uD;ESifh!d�E_dif;wkdfifyif&rnf[k
qkdxm;aomfvnf; jynfrtm%mykdifrsm;. qkH;jzwfcsufonfom
aemufqkH;twnfjzpf&ef&Sdjcif;wkd@ukd raus
eyfa=umif;azmfjyxm;.? xkdodk@o,HZwypPnf;rsm; xkwf,lokH;pGJcGifhonf
oufqkdif&mjynfe,ftpdk;&.
tm%mtwGif;om jzpfoifha=umif;vnf; wifjyxm;.?3
1 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 18 - 19?
2 zGJ@pnf;tyfcsKyfykHf
wqkdo!fh
pum;&yfrS
;xm;onf? tajccH
Oya'yk'fr 96 rSm atmufygtwkdif;jzpfonf?
1? TtajccHOya'&Sd pwkw�Z,m;Y
a&wGufazmfjyxm;aomtcGefwGufyif&if;rsm;rS&rnfhtcGefawmf
tm;vkH;onfjynfe,fYaomf�if;/ jynfe,fuaomf�if;/ aumufcH&&Sdaomjynfe,f. tcGefawmf
aiGwGif yg0if&rnf?
1 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykH
ajccHOya'/ yk'fr 94?
2 tajccHOya' jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 19?
3 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHajccHOya'/ yk'fr 96?
4 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHajccHOya'/ yk'fr 154?
5 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 21?
rf;jynfe,fqkdif&m udk,fpm;vS,f
trwfrsmteuf/ trwfwOD;OD;. trnfudk wifoGif;aomtcg/ xkdodk@trnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&aom
trwfudk EkdifiHawmforwonf atmufwGif �&Srf;jynfe,f0ef}uD;� [kac:wGif&rnfjzpfaom
jynf
axmifpktpdk;&tzGJ@0if 0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifh cef@xm;&rnf? xkdodk@cef@xm;jcif;cH&aom
0ef}uD;onf/ T
tajccHOya'. udpPrsm;twGuf &Srf;jynfe,f OuU�vnf;jzpf&rnf1
[kqkdxm;.? Tyk'frt& Ek
Dr. Maung Maung, Burma's Constitution comes to life. Madras, Diocesan Press,
(n.d). Reprinted form the
Indian Year Book of International Affairs, 1958.
'Drdkua&pDajymif;jyef [k!$ef;rnf?
3 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 21?
4 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'/ yk'fr 162?
mvnf;
enf;vrf;ruso!fhjyif jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ@0ifrsm;. tm%mrnfr#&Sdonfudkvnf;
pOf;pm;Ir&a=umif;rsm;
wifjyxm;onf?1
1 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 21?
2 zGJ@pnf;tyfcsKyfykHakjccHOya'/ yk'fr 164?
3 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 21?
4 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHf
qkdvkd&if;rSm
�jynfaxmiftzGJ@0if�[lonfrSm
1?
? umuG,fa&;? ? qkdvkd&if;rSm a,bk,stm;jzifh EkdifiHumuG,fa&;twGuf
pDrHjyifqifjcif;/ ppfwGif;umvwGif ppfatmifEkdifa&;ESifh ppft+yD;wGif ppfwyfrsm;udk
xda&mufpGmzsufodrf;Ekdifa&;wkd@twGuf pDrHaqmif&Gufjcif;wkd@yg0ifaom
jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH
ESifhwuG jynfaxmifpkEkdifiH. tpdwftydkif;rsm;. umuG,fa&;/ xkd@jyiftxl;tm;jzifh
1 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 21 - 22?
2 zGJ@pnf;tyfcsKyfykkHtajccHOya'/ yk'f
r 222?
3 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 22?
(2) � � �
(3) � � �
(4) wyfajrrsm;wGif a'oEW&udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfa&; xkda'orsm;twGif; wyfajrtm%mykdif
rsm; zGJ@pnf;a&;ESifh tm%mrsm;tyfESif;a&;/ xkda'orsm;twGif; tdrf
ae&mxkdifcif; pnf;
rsOf;owfrSwfay;a&;ESifh xkda'orsm;. e,fedrdwfowfrSwfa&;rsm;
2? ? jynfya&;&m?
(2) urBmhukvor*~?
(3) jynfaxmiftcsif;csif;nDvmcHrsm;? toif;rsm;ESifhtjcm;tzGJ@rsm;wGif
yg0ifqmif&Gufa&;
ESifh xkdnDvmcHtoif;tzGJ@wkd@.qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;udk txajrmufapa&;?
1 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'/ wwd,Z,m;/ pm&if; 1
jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHOya'�ypm&if;?
2 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 22 ?
3? qufoG,fa&;?
(10) tjrwf}uD;cGef?
(11) aiGpkb%f?
(12) aiGv$JpmcsKyfrsm;/ csufvufrSwfrsm; atmf'DrefpmcsKyfrsm;ESifh
tjcm;pmcsKyfrsm;tay:
wGif pnf;=uyfaom wHqdyfawmfcGefrsm;?
5? t&yf&yfqkdiff&m?
(35) or0g,rtoif;rsm;?
(36) opfawmrsm;/ owWKwGif;rsm;/ a&eHajrrsm;udk owfrSwfa&;/ owWKa&eHrsm;udk
wl;azmfI
wkd;wufatmif�ya&; (owWKwGif;rsm;ESifh a&eHajrrsm;owfrSwfa&;/ udpPwGiftvkyf
orm;ta&;ESifh tvkyform;ab;uif;a&;wkd@yg0ifonf)?
(37) jynfaxmifpkEkdfifiHtwGif;wGif a&$ajymif;aexkdifa&;1wkd@jzpfonf?
jynfya&;&mESifh ywf
oufI ukvor*~tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmftm; taxmuftyHhay;a&;twGuf
pmcsKyf
rsm;csKyfqkd&mwGif jynfe,frsm;tm; wkdifyifjcif;r&SdcJha=umif;/ xkd@a=umifh
xkdpmcsKyfrsm;udktaumiftxnfazmf
&mwGif &Srf;jynftwGuf tcuftcJrsm;awG@cJh&a=umif;/ tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;ESifhvnf;aumif;/
ukvor*~tzGJ@rsm;ESifh
vnf;aumif; pmcsKyfrsm;csKyfqkd&mwGif jynfe,ftpkd;&rsm;ESifh wkdifyifjcif;/
oabmwlnDr_�udwif&,ljcif;ESifh
�if;pm;csKyfrsm;udk ygvDrefuwnf�youJhodk@ jynfe,faumifpDrsm;uvnf;
twnf�yoifha=umif; wifjyxm;
onf? xkd@twlEkdifiHjcm;wkdif;jynfrsm;ESifh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;
pnf;rsOf;owfrSwfo!fh udpPwGifvnf; &Srf;
jynfe,ftpdk;&ukd yg0ifcGifhay;oifha=umif;/
EkdifiHjcm;aiGacs;iSm;okH;pGJa&;wGifvnf; jynfe,frsm;yg0ifcHpm;cGifhr&Sd
ouJhokd@ jzpfaea=umif;ESifh jynfe,frsm;udkvnf; �if;wdk@.b�ma&;tajcaet&
Ekdifihjcm;aiG acs;iSm;Ekdifo!fh
tcGifhta&;ay;oifha=umif;vnf; azmfjyxm;onf? jynfaxmifpktpdk;&u owfrSf
wfxm;aom taumufe,
edrdwfrsm;udk jzwfoef;I,laqmif&aom 0ifukefESifhxGufukefcGefudpP
rf;jynfe,ftm;ay;oihfa=umif;/
taumufcGefukd&efff
t&yf&yfqkdif&mudpPrsm;ESifhywfoufI jynfaxmifpktpdk&wGif
�jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHudpPrsm;twGuf
ypPnf;rsm;&,la&;�tm%m&Sdaomfvnf; jynfe,frsm;twGufypPnf;&,la&tm%mr&Sdojzifh
jynfe,fOya'�y
pm&if;wGif jynfe,frsm;twGuf ypPnf;&,la&;tm%mukd xnfhoGif;ay;xm;oifha=umif;/
�jynfaxmifpkEkdifiH
tay:Y wif&Sdaoma�uG;+rD� udpPESifhywfoufIvnf; jynfaxmifpktpkd;&ppfppfay:vmv#if
uef@uGuf&efrvkd
aomfvnf; ,ckwnfqJtajccHOya't&qkdv#if b�mawmfrsm;udk okH;pGJ&mwGif
w&m;r#wr_r&Sdojzifh jynf
axmifpktay:wif&Sdaom a�uG;+rDukd &S
k;&. }uD;=uyftkyfcsKyfjcif;
jzifh jynfoltusdK;iSm oifhavsmfonf[k jy�mef;xm;aom pufr_vufr_vkyfief;rsm;ukd
wdk;wufatmifaqmif
&Gufa&;� udpPESifhywfoufIvnf; rlvut"dy`g,faumuf,lcsuf vGJrSm;ae&mrS
vGefcJho!fhvtenf;i,ft
wGif;uom &Sif;vif;oGm;ojzifh &Srf;jynfe,fY pufr_vufr_vkyfief;rsm;udk
pwifaqmif&GufcGifh&cJha=umif;/ ykdrdkI
&Sif;vif;oGm;ap&ef xkdudpPudk jynfe,fOya'�ypm&if;wGif azmfjyoifha=umif;vnf;
wifjyxm;onf? xkd@twl
or0g,rvkyfief;rsm;onf &Srf;jynfe,fpD;yGm;a&;twGufvnf;
ta&;ygo!fhvkyfief;jzpfa=umif;/ okd@aomf
or0g,rvkyf
1 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 24 - 25?
2 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 25?
3 ,if;
4 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 25 - 26?
d;&u opfawmrsm;
udk �if;wkd@udkwdkiftkyfcsKyf+yD; tkyfcsKyfcESifhukefuspm&dwfrsm;ukdEkwfI
usefo!fhtcGefawmfrsm;&Sdygu &Srf;jynf
e,fodk@ay;rnf[kqkdxm;ojzifh &Srf;jynfe,fu&o!fh opfawmtcGefawmfonf odef; 30
r#&Sdojzifh �if;udpPukd
txl;uef@uGuf&efvkda=umif;vnf; azmfjyxm;onf? jynfaxmifpktwGif;
a&$@ajymif;aexkdifa&;ESifhywfoufI
vnf; jrefrmjynfrrS jynfe,frsm;odk@vnf;aumif;/ jynfe,fwpfckrStjcm;
jynfe,fwpfckodk@vnf;aumif;
vlrsm;ajymif;a&$@aexkdif&ef pDpOfo!fhtcg oufqdkif&mjynfe,ftpdk;&. oabmwlnDcsufudk
�udwif&,loihf
a=umif;vnf;wifjyxm;onf?1
2? ? pD;yGm;a&;udpPrsm;?
3? ? vkH�cHa&;?
K;a&;b%frsm;
enf;yg;r_a=umifhvnf;aumif;/ &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd v,form;rsm;rSm ESpfpOfvkdtyfo!fh
trawmfaiGrsm;ukd vlwpf
&mv#if ig;a,mufom&&Sdrnf[k cef@rSef;&a=umif;/ Ttajctaetwkdif;omqkdv#if &S
rf;jynfawmifolv,fo
1 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 26?
2 zGJ@pnf;tyfcsKyfykH
tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;wGif tajccHOya'ygjy�mef;csuftcsdK@ESihfywfoufI
a0zefaqG;aEG;jcif;/
c|wf,Gif;csufrsm;udk axmufjyjcif;ESifhjyifqifjznfhpGuf&ef t}uH�yjcif;rsm;
yg0ifo!fhjyif atmufygtaxGaxG
rauseyfcsufrsm;udkvnf; azmfjyxm;onf?
owdrrljcif;/
2? tajccHOya'yk'frrsm;ukd wbufowft"dy`g,fjyefqdkjcif;/
rvkd[k,lqjcif;/
4? jynaxmifpktpkd;&0efxrf;tzGJ@rsm;onf jynfe,frsm;tm;txiftjrifao;jcif;/
5? jynfe,f0ef}uD;rsm;udkyif t�dktaowefjcif;/
tEkdifusifhjcif;/
7? &oifh&xkdufo!fhtultnDrsm;r&cJhjcif;/
jcif;/
9? &Srf;jynfEkdifiHa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfa&;wkd@wGif 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;?3
1? zGJ@pnf;ykHpepf/
2? tm%mESifhtcGifhta&;cGJa0enf;/
3? ygvDrefzGJ@pnf;ykH/
1 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 27?
2 ,if;
3 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 28?
4? jynfaxmifpktcGefawmfESifh b�mawmfcGJa0a&;/
5? jynfe,frsm; vkH;0udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfa&;
qkdo!fhacgif;pOfrsm;jzifhcGJjcm;I wifjyxm;onf? zGJ@pnf;ykHESifh
ywfoufIaqG;aEG;wifjyxm;onfrS
m zGJ@pnf;
tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya' (rl) =urf;rsm;udk twnf�y&ef wkdif;jynf�yv$wfawmfodk@
wifoGif;pOfuyif OD;csefxGef;
u rvGJra&SmifomI jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHrsdK;zGfh
Ir[kwfbJ e,fpyfa'oacgif;aqmifrsm;.
onf1
[kOD;csefxGef;u &Sif;jycJhzl;a=umif;vnf; udk;um;azmfjyxm;onf? odk@aomf
e,fpyfa'oacgif;aqmifrsm;u
jynfaxmifpkppfppfukd tvkd&SdonfrS
tm%mESifhtcGifhta&;cGJa0enf;ESifhywfoufIvnf; vuf&SdjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH.
tm%mcGJa0
enf;rS
ygvDrefzGJ@pnf;ykf. txufv$wfawmfjzpf
HESifhpyfvsOf;Ivnf; vuf&SdfjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHygvDreaom
vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfESifh atmufv$wfawmfjzpfaom jynfol@v$wfawmfwdk@onf tcGifhtm%mrwl=u
jynfaxmifpktcGefawmfESifh b�mawmfcGJa0a&;ESifhywfoufI
tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;wGif
[ktqdk�yxm;onf?
1? Armjynfe,ftp&Sdonfh jynfaxmifpktzGJ@0ifjynfe,frsm;tm;
A[kdjynfaxmifpktpdk;&uaomf�if;/
jynfe,ftcsif;csif;uaomf�if;/ jynfwGif;a&;udpPrsm;wGif
0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;r&Sdap&efESifh vkH;0
udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfa&;&&Sdap&ef tajccHOya'wGif tckdiftrm jy�mef;xm;&Sdapoifhayonf/
xm;&Sd&ayrnf?
3? oD;jcm;jynfe,fzGJ@pnf;Ekdifonfh t*FgvuQm%mrsm;ES
1 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 30 - 31?
2 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 31?
3 tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;/ pm 31?
&Srf;jynfe,frSwifoGif;aom
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkfifiHzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'jyifqifa&; pmwrf;
a&;qGJJ&mwGif �ud;udkifaumfrwDtzGJ@0ifwpfOD;jzpfaom &yvz rS OD;xGef;at;
(erfhcef;)onf tpnf;ta0;rsm;
odk@ vkH;0wufa&mufjcif;rS&donfhjyif tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;ukd oabmrwlojzifh
vufrSwfa&;xkd;
jcif;vnf;r&Sday?1 �udukdifaumfrwDu tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;udk a&;qGJ+yD;aomtcg
1961 ckESpf
azazmf0g&Dv 25 &ufae@wGif awmif}uD;�rd@Y jynfvkH;u|wfnDvmcHusif;yum tajccHOya'
jyifqifa&;pmwrf;
ukd xkdnDvmcHu twnf�ycJhonf? xkd@aemuf p0fa&$odkuf/ omrkdif; crf;apmfbGm;
p0fxGef;at;/ p0fausmfacgif/
OD;vSaz/ OD;pdk;armifESifh OD;cGefpHjrwfwkd@ yg0ifaom ajcmufOD;aumfrwDzGJ@+yD;
tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;pmwrf;ESifh
ywfoufI w&m;a&;Xme 0ef}uD; a'gufwmOD;{armifESifh awG@qkHaqG;aEG
;&ef xkdaumfrwDudkwm0efay;cJhonf?2
1 jynfe,faygif;pkHnDvmcHrSwfwrf;/ pm 41?
2The Nation, 1 March 1961