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137
ATILIM NVERSTES
SOSYAL BLMLER ENSTTS
ULUSLARARASI L$KLER ANABLM DALI
YKSEK LSANS TEZ
ERMEN SORUNU EREVESNDE ERMENSTAN`IN DI$
POLTKASI ve TRKYE LE L$KLER
ORBAY BULUR
TEZ DANI$MANI
PROF. DR. O. METN ZTRK
Ankara, 2005
(Fotokopi ile ogaltlabilir
Fotokopi ile ogaltlamaz)
TEZ ONAY SAYFASI
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Sosyal Bilimler Enstits Mdrlg`ne
.................ait.................
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adli alisma, jrimiz taraIindan.....................
Anabilim Dalinda YKSEK LISANS TEZI olarak kabul edilmistir.
Baskan....................
ye...................
ye....................
ZET
1878 Berlin Anlasmasi ile Osmanli Devletine ynelik reIorm abalarina konu
olan Ermeni sorunu, izleyen dnemlerde byk glerin uluslararasi politikada
ilgilendikleri bir konu olmustur.
Osmanli Imparatorlugu`nun topraklarinin paylasiminda ve KaIkasya`da sz
sahibi olmak ve imparatorlugun ksn hizlandirmak isteyen Rusya, Ingiltere,
Almanya ve Fransa, Ermenilere ynelik politikalar olusturmuslardir. KaIkasya`nin
etnik esitliligi ve enerji kaynaklarinin zenginligi, bu blgeyi mcadele alanina
dnstrmstr. Osmanli-Rus ve Ermeni-Osmanli atismalari ile Almanlarin
Grcistan ve Ingilizlerin Azerbaycan'daki ikar mcadeleleri, KaIkasya`da 1921`e
kadar devam etmistir. 1921 Kars antlasmasiyla Trkiye-SSCB, bylece de Trkiye-
Grcistan ve Trkiye-Ermenistan sinirlari belirlenmistir.
Ermenistan KaIkasya'da ilk bagimsizligini 1918'de Osmanli Devleti'nin 1. Dnya
Savasi'nda yenilgisinden sonra ilan etmis, 1920`ye kadar blgede Sovyet egemenligi
srms, 1922'de TranskaIkasya Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti kurulmustur.
Ermenistan`in Moskova`ya bagli bir cumhuriyet oldugu iki kutuplu dnemde,
zellikle Trkiye`nin 1974 yilinda gereklestirdigi Kibris Baris Harekati`ni izleyen
yaklasik 10 yillik bir periyotta, Ermeni sorunu terrizm baglaminda gndeme
gelmistir.
Ermenistan`in, SSCB'nin dagilmasiyla 1991'de bagimsizligini ilan etmesinden
sonra, Ermeni sorunu yeniden n plana ikmistir. Bu yeni dnemde Trkiye ile
Ermenistan'in iyi iliskiler kuramamasinin temel nedeni, soykirim iddialarinin
gndemde tutulmasi ve Karabag sorunudur. Devlet Baskani Levon Ter-Petrosyan
soykirimi iddialarindan kainirken, yerini alan Robert Koaryan soykirim iddialarini
Ermenistan'in dis politika ncelikleri arasina almistir.
Trkiye, soykirim iddialarina, Trk diplomatlarinin katline ve Karabag sorununa
ragmen, bagimsizlik sonrasinda Ermenistan'a karsi ilimli bir politika izlemistir. Buna
ragmen 1990'li yillar szde soykirimin yabanci lke parlamentolarina en Iazla
getirildigi dnem olmus ve Ermenistan, 1993`de Azerbaycan`in 20'sinin isgalini
ve bir milyon mltecinin varligini sergileyen bugnk durumu yaratmistir.
alismada, 'Ermeni Sorunu karsisinda Trkiye`nin nasil bir politika izlemesi
gerektigi konusu zerinde de durulmustur. Sorunlara sebep teskil eden unsurlarin
din-mezhep, irk ve ekonomi oldugu dsnldg iin, Trk-Ermeni iliskileri, bu
Iaktrler gz nnde bulundurularak irdelenmeye alisilmistir.
ABSTRACT
The Armenian question which emerged as an issue oI reIorming the Ottoman
Empire with the Berlin Treaty oI 1878, has increasingly the attracted attention oI the
great powers in international politics.
Russia, Britain, Germany and France which wanted to increase their inIluence
over the Ottoman lands and the Caucasius, by speeding up the Ottoman decline,
pursued pro-Armenians policies. The ethnic diversity and richness oI energy
resources oI the Caucasius turned the region into an area oI conIlict. The increase in
the inIluence oI Germany in Georgia, Britain in Azerbaijan, as well as the Ottoman-
Russian and Ottoman-Armenian tensions in the Caucasius had continued until 1921.
With the Kars Treaty oI 1921, Turkey with USSR, including Georgia-Armenian
Iormed the basis oI the present-day borders between Turkey-Georgia as well as
Turkey-Armenian.
Armenia declared its independence as the Iirst Caucasian state in 1918, Iollowing
the Ottoman deIeat in the First World War. The Soviets controlled the region in
1920, and the Transcaucasian Soviet Socialist Republic was Iounded in 1922. In the
severe period, when Armenia was a republic oI the USSR, especially in a decade
aIter Turkish Cyprus Peace Operation in 1974, the Armenian question came in the
agenda with the context oI terrorism.
The Armenian question became more acute Iollowing the disintegration oI the
USSR and the independence oI Armenians in 1991. The basic reason why Turkey
and Armenian could not construct a balanced relationship in this new period, was
due to genocide claims oI the Armenian side and problems concerning the Nagorno-
Karabag question. Although the Armenian President Levon Ter-Petrosyan avoided
genocide claims, this successor to him, Robert Kocharian gave priority to such
claims in Armenia`s Ioreign policy.
Following Armenia`s independence, Turkey pursued a moderate policy towards
Armenia, despite the genocide claims (assassinating oI the Turkish diplomats) and
the Nagorno-Karabagh problem. 1990's was the period which the so-called genocide
claims were brought into agenda oI the Ioreign parliaments increasingly and
Armenia, with the occupation oI 20 oI Azerbaijan in the 1992, making 1 million
Azers in their own country.
The study, Iocuses on the policies that Turkey might pursue in dealing with the
Armenian problem. It is conculuded that religious, sectarian, racial and economic
Iactors have to be taken into account in examining Armenian-Turkish relations.
NSZ