Bi giang KY THUAT S Trang 52

3.3. FLIP FLOP (FF)

3.3.1. Khi nim
Flip-Flop (vit tt l FF) l mach dao dng da hi hai trang thi bn, duoc xy dung trn co so
cc cng logic v hoat dng theo mt bang trang thi cho truoc.
3.3.2. Phn loi
C hai cch phn loai:
- Phn loai theo tn hiu diu khin.
- Phn loai theo chuc nng.
1. Phn loi FF theo tn hiu diu khin dng b
Gm c hai loai:
- Khng c tn hiu diu khin dng b (FF khng dng b).
- C tn hiu diu khin dng b (FF dng b).
a. FF khng dong bo
Dng 1: RSFF khng dng b dng cng NOR (so d hnh 3.43)
Dua vo bang chn tri cua cong NOR d giai thch hoat dong cua so do mach ny:
- S = 0, R = 1 Q = 0. Q=0 hi tip v cng NOR 2 nn cng NOR 2 c hai ng vo bng 0
Q = 1. Vy, Q = 0 v Q = 1.
- S = 1, R = 0 Q= 0. Q= 0 hi tip v cng NOR 1 nn cng NOR 1 c hai ng vo bng 0
Q = 1. Vy, Q = 1 v Q = 0.
- Gia su ban du: S = 0, R = 1 Q = 0 v Q = 1.
Nu tn hiu ng vo thay di thnh: S = 0, R = 0 (R chuyn tu 1 0) ta c:
+ S = 0 v Q = 0 Q = 1
+ R = 0 vQ = 1 Q = 0 RSFF giu nguyn trang thi cu truoc d.
- Gia su ban du: S = 1, R = 0 Q = 1 v Q = 0.
Nu tn hiu ng vo thay di thnh: R = 0, S = 0 (S chuyn tu 1 0) ta c:
+ R = 0 v Q = 0 Q = 1
+ S = 0 v Q = 1 Q = 0 RSFF giu nguyn trang thi cu truoc d.
Q
Q
R
S
1
2
S R Q
0 0 Q
0
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 X
Hnh 3.43. RSFF khng dong bo su dung cong NOR v bang trang thi
Chuong 3. Cc phn tu logic co ban Trang 53
Dng 2: RSFF khng dng b dng cng NAND (so d hnh 3.44)
Dua vo bang chn tri cua cng NAND:

=
=
=
0 x 1
1 x 0
y
i
i
Ta c:
- S = 0, R = 1 Q = 1. Q = 1 hi tip v cng NAND 2 nn cng NAND 2 c hai ng vo
bng 1 vy Q = 0.
- S = 0, R = 1 Q = 1. Q = 1 hi tip v cng NAND 1 nn cng NAND 1 c hai ng vo
bng 1 vy Q = 0.
- S = R = 0 Q = Q = 1 dy l trang thi cm.
- S = R = 1: Gia su trang thi truoc d c Q = 1, Q = 0 hi tip v cng NAND 1 nn cng
NAND 1 c mt ng vo bng 0 vy Q = 1 RSFF giu nguyn trang thi cu.
Nhu vy goi l FF khng dng b boi v chi cn mt trong hai ng vo S hay R thay di th ng
ra cung thay di theo.
V mt k hiu, cc RSFF khng dng b duoc k hiu nhu sau:
R
Q S
R Q
S
Hnh 3.45. K hiu cc FF khng dong bo
a. R,S tc dong muc 1 - b. R,S tc dong muc 0
a) b)
Hnh 3.44. RSFF khng dong bo su dung cong NAND v bang trang thi
S
R
Q
1
2
Q
S R Q
0 0 X
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 1 Q
0
Bi giang KY THUAT S Trang 54
b. FF dong bo
Xt so d RSFF dng b voi so d mach, k hiu v bang trang thi hoat dng nhu hnh 3.46.
Trong d: Ck l tn hiu diu khin dng b hay tn hiu dng h (Clock). Khao st hoat dng cua
mach:
- Ck = 0: cng NAND 3 v 4 kha khng cho du liu dua vo. V cng NAND 3 v 4 du c t
nht mt ng vo Ck = 0 S =R =1 Q = Q
0
: RSFF giu nguyn trang thi cu.
- Ck = 1: cng NAND 3 v 4 mo. Ng ra Q s thay di ty thuc vo trang thi cua S v R.
+ S = 0, R = 0 S =1, R =1 Q = Q
0
+ S = 0, R = 1 S =1, R = 0 Q = 0
+ S = 1, R = 0 S = 0, R = 1 Q = 1
+ S = 1, R = 1 S = 0, R = 0 Q = X
Trong truong hop ny tn hiu dng b Ck tc dng muc 1. Trong
truong hop Ck tc dng muc 0 th ta mc thm cng dao nhu sau (hnh
3.47):
Ty thuc vo muc tch cuc cua tn hiu dng b Ck, chng ta c cc loai tn hiu diu khin:
- Ck diu khin theo muc 1.
- Ck diu khin theo muc 0.
- Ck diu khin theo suon ln (suon truoc).
- Ck diu khin theo suon xung (suon sau).
S R Ck Q
X X 0 Q
0
0 0 1 Q
0
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 1 X
S Q
Ck
R Q
S
R
Q
1
2
Q
3
4
R
S
Ck
Hnh 3.46. RSFF dong bo: So do logic v k hiu
S
R
Q
1
2
Q
3
4
R
S
Ck
S Q
Ck
R Q
Hnh 3.47
a. Muc 1 b. Muc 0 c. Suon ln d. Suon xuong
Hnh 3.48. Cc loai tn hiu diu khin Ck khc nhau
Chuong 3. Cc phn tu logic co ban Trang 55
S
R
Mach
tao suon
ln
Ck
Xung sau khi qua
mach tao suon ln
Ck
t
t
0
0
Hnh 3.49. So do khoi FF tc dong theo suon ln v dang sng
Xt FF c Ck diu khin theo sun ln (sun truc):
Suon ln v muc logic 1 c mi quan h voi nhau, v vy mach tao suon ln l mach cai tin cua
mach tc dng theo muc logic 1.
Suon ln thuc cht l mt xung duong c thoi gian tn tai rt ngn. D cai tin cc FF tc dng
theo muc logic 1 thnh FF tc dng theo suon ln ta mc vo truoc FF d mt mach tao suon ln
nhu hnh 3.49.
O mach tao suon nguoi ta loi dung thoi gian tr cua tn hiu khi di qua phn tu logic. Di voi
mach tao suon nguoi ta loi dung thoi gian tr cua tn hiu khi di qua cng NOT.
Xt so d mach tao suon ln v dang sng nhu hnh 3.50 : Mach tao suon ln gm mt cng
AND 2 ng vo v mt cng NOT. Tn hiu x1 tu cng NOT duoc dua dn cng AND cng voi tn
hiu x
2
di truc tip (x
2
= Ck). Do tnh cht tr cua tn hiu Ck khi di qua cng NOT nn x
1
bi tr mt
khoang thoi gian, v vy tn hiu ng ra cua cng AND c dang mt xung duong rt hep voi thoi
gian tn tai chnh bng thoi gian tr (tr truyn dat) cua cng NOT. Xung duong hep ny duoc dua
dn ng vo dng b cua FF diu khin theo muc logic 1. Tai cc thoi dim c suon ln cua tn hiu
xung nhip Ck s xut hin mt xung duong tc dng vo ng vo dng b cua FF diu khin ng ra
Q thay di trang thi theo cc ng vo. So d mach FF c tn hiu Ck diu khin theo suon ln nhu
hnh 3.51.
S
Ck
R
y
x
1
x
2
Ck
t
y
0
t
x
1
0
t
x
2
0
Ck
t
0
Hnh 3.50
Bi giang KY THUAT S Trang 56
Xt FF c Ck diu khin theo sun xung (sun sau):
Mach tao suon xung l mach cai tin tc dng muc logic 0. So d mach v dang sng duoc cho o
hnh 3.52. Trn hnh 3.53 l k hiu trn so d mach v so d thuc hin Flip-Flop tc dng theo
suon xung.
(Sinh vin t giai thch hot dng cua cc mch ny).
S
R
Q
1
2
Q
3
4
R
S
y
Ck
Hnh 3.51. FF c tn hiu Ck diu khin theo suon ln
y
x
1
x
2
Ck
Ck
t
0
t
x
2
x
1
0
t
0
t
y
0
Hnh 3.52. Mach tao suon xuong
a. So do mach
b. Dang sng
a)
b)
S
R
Q
1
2
Q
3
4 R
S
y
Ck
S Q
Ck
R Q
Hnh 3.53
a. So do mach thuc hin
b. K hiu
a)
b)
Chuong 3. Cc phn tu logic co ban Trang 57
nghia cua tn hiu dng b Ck:
Di voi cc FF dng b, cc ng ra chi thay di trang thi theo ng vo DATA khi xung Ck tn tai
muc 1 (di voi FF tc dng muc 1), hoc xung Ck tn tai muc 0 (di voi FF tc dng muc 0), hoc
xung Ck o suon ln (di voi FF tc dng suon ln), xung Ck o suon xung (di voi FF tc dng
suon xung), cn tt ca cc truong hop khc cua Ck th ng ra khng thay di trang thi theo cc
ng vo mc d lc d cc ng vo c thay di trang thi.
Phuong php diu khin theo kiu chu t (Master - Slaver):
Di voi phuong php ny khi xung Ck tn tai muc logic 1 du liu s duoc nhp vo FF, cn khi
Ck tn tai muc logic 0 th du liu chua trong FF duoc xut ra ngoi.
V mt cu tao bn trong gm 2 FF: mt FF thuc hin chuc nng chu (Master) v mt FF thuc
hin chuc nng to (Slaver).
Hoat dng cua FF diu khin theo kiu chu/to: (hnh 3.54)
+ Ck = 1: FF2 mo, du liu duoc nhp vo FF2. Qua cng dao Ck = 0 ( FF1 kha nn giu nguyn
trang thi cu truoc d.
+ Ck = 0: FF2 kha nn giu nguyn trang thi cu truoc d. Qua cng dao Ck = 1 ( FF1 mo, du liu
duoc xut ra ngoi.
Ch : Tn hiu Ck c th duc to ra t mch dao dng da hi khng trng thi bn.
3.3.2.2. Phn loi FF theo chc nng
a. RSFF
D l FF c cc ng vo v ng ra k hiu nhu hnh v.
Trong d:
- S, R : cc ng vo du liu.
- Q, Q : cc ng ra.
- Ck : tn hiu xung dng b
Goi S
n
v R
n
l trang thi ng vo Data o xung Ck thu n.
Q
n
, Q
n+1
l trang thi cua ng ra Q o xung Ck thu n v thu (n+1).
Lc d ta c bang trang thi m ta hoat dng cua RSFF:
R
S
Ck
Q
1
2
Q
3
4
5
6
7
8
FF
1
FF
2
Hnh 3.54. Phuong php diu khin theo kiu chu to
S Q
Ck
R Q
Hnh 3.55. K hiu RSFF
Bi giang KY THUAT S Trang 58
S
n
R
n
Q
n+1
0 0 Q
n
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 X
Luu rng trang thi khi ca 2 ng vo S = R = 1 lc d ca 2 ng ra c cng muc logic, dy l
trang thi cm cua RSFF (thuong duoc k hiu X).
Tip theo chng ta s di xy dung bang du vo kch cua RSFF. Bang du vo kch gm 2
phn, phn bn tri lit k ra cc yu cu cn chuyn di cua FF, v phn bn phai l cc diu
kin tn hiu du vo kch cn dam bao d dat duoc cc su chuyn di y. Nu cc diu kin du
vo duoc dam bao th FF s chuyn di theo dng yu cu. Thuc cht bang du vo kch cua FF l
su khai trin bang trang thi cua FF.
Ta vit lai bang trang thi cua RSFF o dang khai trin nhu sau:
S
n
R
n
Q
n
Q
n+1
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 X
1 1 1 X
Trong bang ny, tn hiu ng ra o trang thi tip theo (Q
n+1
) s phu thuc vo tn hiu cc ng
vo data (S, R) v tn hiu ng o ra trang thi hin tai (Q
n
).
Tu bang khai trin trn ta xy dung duoc bang du vo kch cho RSFF:
Q
n
Q
n+1
S
n
R
n
0 0 0 X
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 1 X 0
Cung tu bang trang thi khai trin ta c th tm duoc phuong trnh logic cua RSFF bng cch lp
so d Karnaugh nhu sau:
00 01 11 10
0 0 0 X 1
1 1 0 X 1
Tu bang Karnaugh ny ta c phuong trnh logic cua RSFF:
n
Q
n
R
n
S
1 n
Q + =
+
S
n
R
n
Q
n
Q
n+1
Chuong 3. Cc phn tu logic co ban Trang 59
V diu kin cua RSFF l S.R= 0 nn ta c phuong trnh logic cua RSFF duoc vit dy du nhu
sau:
n
Q
n
R
n
S
1 n
Q + =
+
SR=0
Dang sng minh hoa hoat dng cua RSFF trn hnh 3.56:
b. TFF
TFF l FF c ng vo v ng ra k hiu v bang trang thi hoat dng nhu hnh v (hnh 3.57):
Trong d:
- T: ng vo du liu
- Q,G: cc ng ra
- Ck: tn hiu xung dng b.
Goi T
n
l trang thi cua ng vo DATA T o xung Ck thu n.
Goi Q
n
, Q
n+1
l trang thi cua ng ra o xung Ck thu n v (n+1).
Lc d ta c bang trang thi hoat dng khai trin cua TFF.
Tu bang trang thi ny ta c nhn xt:
+ Khi T=0: mi khi c xung Ck tc dng ng ra Q giu nguyn trang thi cu truoc d.
+ Khi T=1: mi khi c xung Ck tc dng ng ra Q dao trang thi.
Hnh 3.56. o thi thoi gian dang sng RSFF
Ck
t
t
S
t
R
0
0
0
1
2 3 4 5
t
0
Q
T Q
Ck
Q
Q
n
Q
n
0
1
T
n
Q
n+1
Hnh 3.57. Ky hiu TFF va bang trang thai hoat
ng
Bi giang KY THUAT S Trang 60
Ck
t
t
T
t
Q
0
0
0
1
2 3
Hnh 3.58
T
n
Q
n
Q
n+1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
Tu bang trang thi khai trin cua TFF ta tm duoc bang du vo kch cua TFF nhu sau:
Q
n
Q
n+1
T
n
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
Phuong trnh logic cua TFF:
Q
n+1
=
n n n n
Q . T .Q T + (dang chnh tc 1)
Hoc: ) Q T )( Q (T Q
n n n n 1 n
+ + =
+
(dang chnh tc 2).
Vit gon hon:
n n 1 n
Q T Q =
+
(SV c th lap Karnaugh v toi thiu ha d tm phuong trinh logic cua TFF).
Trn hnh 3.58 minh hoa d thi thoi gian dang sng cua TFF.
- Tn hiu ra Q du tin lun lun o muc logic 0
- Tn hiu Ck(1) diu khin theo suon xung nhn tn hiu T duoi muc logic 1. Theo bang trang
thi : T
0
= 1 v Q
0
= 0 Q
1
=
0
Q = 1.
- Tn hiu Ck(2) diu khin theo suon xung nhn tn hiu T duoi muc logic 0. Theo bang trang
thi : T
1
= 0 v Q
1
= 1 Q
2
= Q
1
= 1 (Giu nguyn trang thi truoc d).
- Tn hiu Ck(3) diu khin theo suon xung nhn tn hiu T duoi muc logic 1. Theo bang trang
thi: T
2
= 1 v Q
2
= 1 Q
3
=
2
Q = 0.
Trung hp ng vo T lun lun bng 1 (lun o mc logic 1):
Ck
t 1
2 3 4 5
Chuong 3. Cc phn tu logic co ban Trang 61
Khi T=1 th dang sng ng ra Q duoc cho trn hnh v. Ta c nhn xt rng chu ky cua ng ra Q
bng 2 ln chu ky tn hiu xung Ck nn tn s cua ng ra l:
2
f
f
CK
Q
=
Vy, khi T=1 th TFF giu vai tr mach chia tn s xung vo Ck.
Tng qut: Ghp ni tip n TFF voi nhau sao cho ng ra cua TFF truoc s ni voi ng vo cua
TFF dung sau (Ck
i+1
ni voi Q
i
) v lc by gio tt ca cc ng vo DATA T o tt ca cc TFF du
giu muc logic 1, lc d tn s tn hiu ng ra s l:
n
CK
Q
2
f
f
n
=
voi Q
n
l tn hiu ng ra cua TFF thu n; f
CK
l tn s xung clock o ng vo dng b TFF du tin.
c. DFF
DFF l FF c ng vo v ng ra k hiu nhu hnh 3.60.
Trong d: D l ng vo du liu. Q, Q : cc ng ra. Ck: tn hiu xung dng b.
Goi D
n
l trang thai cua ng vo DATA D o xung Ck thu n.
Goi Q
n
, Q
n+1
l trang thi cua ng ra o xung Ck thu n v (n+1).
Khai trin bang trang thi cua DFF d tm bang du vo kch cua DFF, ta c:
D
n
Q
n
Q
n+1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
D
n
Q
n+1
Bang trang thi
D Q
Ck
Q
Hnh 3.60. K hiu DFF
Bi giang KY THUAT S Trang 62
Bang du vo kch cua DFF:
Q
n
Q
n+1
D
n
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Phuong trnh logic cua DFF:
Q
n+1
= D
n
Trn hnh 3.61 l d thi thoi gian dang sng cua DFF:
Giai thch dang sng cua tn hiu trn hnh 3.61:
- Tn hiu ra Q du tin lun lun o muc logic 0, Q
0
= 0
- Tn hiu Ck(1) diu khin theo suon xung nhn tn hiu D duoi muc logic 1. Theo bang trang
thi ta c: D
0
= 1 Q
1
= 1
- Tn hiu Ck(2) diu khin theo suon xung nhn tn hiu D duoi muc logic 0. Theo bang trang
thi ta c :D
1
= 0 Q
2
= 0
..v..v..
DFF dng vai tr mch chia tn s:
Trn hnh 3.62 l so d mach DFF thuc hin chuc nng chia tn
s. O mach ny ng ra Q duoc ni nguoc tro v ng vo D.
- Tn hiu ra Q
0
du tin lun o muc logic 0:
Q
0
= 0
0
Q = D
1
= 1
- Tn hiu Ck(1) diu khin theo suon xung nhn tn hiu D
1
duoi muc logic 1. D
1
= 1 Q
1
= 1
1
Q = D
2
= 0.
- Tn hiu Ck(2) diu khin theo suon xung nhn tn hiu D
2
duoi muc logic 0. D
2
= 0 Q
2
=
0
2
Q = D
3
= 1.
- Tn hiu Ck(3) diu khin theo suon xung nhn tn hiu D
3
duoi muc logic 1. D
3
= 1 Q
3
=
1
3
Q = D
4
= 0.
Ck
t
t
D
t
Q
0
0
1
2 3 4 5
Hnh 3.61. o thi thoi gian dang sng cua DFF
D Q
Ck
Q
Hnh 3.62.
Chuong 3. Cc phn tu logic co ban Trang 63
- Tn hiu Ck(4) diu khin theo suon xung nhn tn hiu D
4
duoi muc logic 0. Q
4
= 0
..v..v..
Nhn xt v tn s ng ra:
2
f
f
CK
Q
= DFF giu vai tr nhu mach chia tn s.
Ung dng cua DFF:
- Dng DFF d chia tn s.
- Dng DFF d luu tru du liu d ch tao cc b nho
v thanh ghi.
- Dng DFF d cht du liu.
Trn hnh 3.64 l so d mach ung dung DFF d cht du
liu. Hoat dng cua mach nhu sau:
- E=1: O
0
= D
0
, O
1
= D
1
nn tn hiu duoc dua dn
cc FF.
- E=0: O
0
= D
0
, O
1
= D
1
cht du liu tro lai.
d. JKFF
JKFF l FF c ng vo v ng ra k hiu nhu hnh v :
Trong d:
- J, K l cc ng vo du liu.
- Q, Q l cc ng ra.
- Ck l tn hiu xung dng b.
Goi J
n
, K
n
l trang thi ng vo J,K o xung Ck thu n.
Goi Q
n
, Q
n+1
l trang thi ng ra Q o xung Ck thu n v (n+1).
Lc d ta c bang trang thi m ta hoat dng cua JKFF:
J K Q
n+1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
Q
n
0
1
Q
n
Ck
t
t
D
t
Q
0
0
0
1
2 3 4 5
Hnh 3.63. o thi thoi gian dang sng mach hnh 3.62
D Q
Ck
D Q
Ck
O
0
O
1
D
0
D
1
E
Hnh 3.64. Chot d liu dng DFF
J Q
Ck
K Q
Hnh 3.65. JKFF
Bi giang KY THUAT S Trang 64
Phuong trnh logic cua JKFF:
Q
n+1
= J
n n n n
.Q K Q +
Tu bang trang thi ta thy JKFF khc phuc duoc trang thi cm cua RSFF, khi J=K=1 ng ra o
trang thi k tip dao muc logic so voi ng ra o trang thi hin tai.
D tm bang du vo kch cua JKFF ta khai trin bang trang thi nhu sau:
J
n
K
n
Q
n
Q
n+1
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
Tu bang khai trin trn ta xy dung duoc bang du vo kch cho JKFF nhu sau:
Q
n
Q
n+1
S
n
R
n
0 0 0 X
0 1 1 X
1 0 X 1
1 1 X 0
D thi thoi gian dang sng cua JKFF:
Nhn xt quan trng: JKFF l mach din c chuc nng thit lp trang thi 0, trang thi 1,
chuyn di trang thi v duy tr trang thi cn cu vo cc tn hiu du vo J, K v xung nhip dng
b Ck. Nhu vy c th ni JKFF l mt FF rt van nng.
Ck
t
t
J
t
K
0
0
0
1
2 3 4 5
t
0
Q
Hnh 3.66. o thi thoi gian dang sng JKFF
Chuong 3. Cc phn tu logic co ban Trang 65
Hnh 3.67. Dng JKFF thuc hin chuc nng cua RSFF, TFF, DFF
J Q
Ck
K Q
S
R
T
J Q
Ck
K Q
D
J Q
Ck
K Q
FF
xut pht
Logic
chuyn di
Ck
Q
Q
Du vo
FF dch
Hnh 3.68
Trong thuc t, chng ta c th dng JKFF d thuc hin chuc nng cua cc FF khc: JKFF thay
th cho RSFF, JKFF thuc hin chuc nng cua TFF v DFF, cc so d thuc hin duoc trnh by trn
hnh 3.67:
Trn co so khao st v 4 loai FF phn chia theo chuc nng, chng ta c th xy dung mt bang
du vo kch tng hop cho ca 4 loai FF nhu sau:
Q
n
Q
n+1
S
n
R
n
J
n
K
n
T
n
D
n
0 0 0 X 0 X 0 0
0 1 1 0 1 X 1 1
1 0 0 1 X 1 1 0
1 1 X 0 X 0 0 1
3.3.3. S chuyn i ln nhau gia cc loi FF
Da s FF trn thi truong l loai JK, D trong khi k thut s yu cu tt ca cc loai FF. Nu bit
cch chuyn di giua cc loai FF voi nhau th c th pht huy tc dung cua loai FF sn c.
Trn thuc t, c th chuyn di qua lai giua cc loai FF khc nhau. C 2 phuong php d thuc
hin chuyn di giua cc loai FF:
- phuong php bin di truc tip.
- phuong php dng bang du vo kch v bang Karnaugh.
a. Phuong php bin doi truc tip:
Dy l phuong php su dung cc dinh l, tin d cua dai s Boole d tm phuong trnh logic tn
hiu kch thch di voi FF xut pht. So d khi thuc hin phuong php ny nhu sau (hnh 3.68):
TFF chuyn di thnh DFF, RSFF, JKFF:
- TFF RSFF:
RSFF c pt: Q
n+1
= S
n
+
n
R Q
n
(1)
S
n
R
n
= 0 (diu kin cua RSFF)
TFF c pt: Q
n+1
= T
n
Q
n
(2)
Bi giang KY THUAT S Trang 66
So snh (1) v (2) ta c:
S
n
+
n
R Q
n
= T
n
Q
n
Theo tnh cht cua php ton XOR, ta c:
T
n
= Q
n
(S
n
+
n
R Q
n
) = Q
n
)
n n n
Q R (S + +
n
Q (S
n
+
n
R Q
n
)
= Q
n n
S R
n
+ S
n n
Q = Q
n n
S R
n
+ S
n n
Q + S
n
R
n
= Q
n
R
n
+ S
n n
Q
Vy: T
n
= Q
n
R
n
+ S
n n
Q
So d mach thuc hin:
- TFF DFF:
DFF c phuong trnh logic: Q
n+1
= D
n
TFF c phuong trnh logic: Q
n+1
= T
n
Q
n
Dng nht 2 phuong trnh: D
n
= T
n
Q
n
Theo tnh cht cua php XOR ta suy ra: T
n
= D
n
Q
n
So d mach thuc hin:
- TFF DFF: Thuc hin bin di hon ton tuong tu (nhu truong hop chuyn di tu TFF
sang RSFF) ta c logic chuyn di:
T
n
= K
n
Q
n
+ J
n n
Q
So d mach chuyn di tu TFF sang JKFF
Hnh 3.69. Chuyn doi TFF thnh RSFF
T Q
Ck
Q
R
S
T Q
Ck
Q
D
Ck
Hnh 3.70. Chuyn doi TFF thnh DFF
T Q
Ck
Q
K
J
Hnh 3.71. Chuyn doi TFF thnh JKFF
Chuong 3. Cc phn tu logic co ban Trang 67
DFF chuyn di thnh TFF, RSFF, JKFF:
- DFF TFF:
DFF c phuong trnh logic: Q
n+1
= D
n
TFF c phuong trnh logic: Q
n+1
= T
n
Q
n
Dng nht 2 phuong trnh ta c: D
n
= T
n
Q
n
So d mach thuc hin chuyn di (hnh 3.72):
- DFF RSFF:
RSFF c phuong trnh logic: Q
n+1
= S
n
+
n
R Q
n
Dng nht voi phuong trnh cua DFF ta c: D
n
= S
n
+
n
R Q
n
So d mach thuc hin chuyn di:
- DFF JKFF:
Hon ton tuong tu ta c logic chuyn di tu DFF sang JKFF:
D
n
= J
n n
Q +
n
K Q
n
So d mach chuyn di trn hnh 3.74:
RSFF chuyn di thnh TFF, DFF, JKFF:
RSFF c pt: Q
n+1
= S
n
+
n
R Q
n
S
n
R
n
= 0 (diu kin cua RSFF)
Khi thuc hin chuyn di tu RSFF sang cc FF khc cn kim tra diu kin rng buc cua RSFF
d l: R
n
S
n
= 0.
D Q
Ck
Q
T
Ck
Hnh 3.72. Chuyn doi DFF thnh TFF
Hnh 3.73. Chuyn doi tu DFF sang RSFF
D Q
Ck
Q
R
S
Hnh 3.74. Chuyn doi DFF thnh JKFF
D Q
Ck
Q
K
J
Bi giang KY THUAT S Trang 68
- RSFF TFF:
TFF c phuong trnh logic: Q
n+1
= T
n
Q
n
Dng nht voi phuong trnh cua RSFF ta c:
S
n
+
n
R Q
n
= T
n
Q
n
= T
n n
Q +
n
T Q
n
Tu biu thuc ny, nu ta dng nht:
S
n
= T
n n
Q
R
n
= T
n
th suy ra:
S
n
R
n
= T
n n
Q .T
n
= T
n n
Q 0
nn khng thoa mn diu kin cua RSFF.
Thuc hin bin di tip:
S
n
+
n
R Q
n
= T
n n
Q +
n
T Q
n
= T
n n
Q +
n
T Q
n
+
n
Q Q
n
S
n
+
n
R Q
n
= T
n n
Q + (
n
T +
n
Q )Q
n
= T
n n
Q +
n
Q
n
T Q
n
Dng nht 2 v ta c:
S
n
= T
n n
Q
R
n
= T
n
Q
n
thoa mn diu kin: R
n
S
n
= 0.
So d thuc hin: hnh 3.75.
- RSFF DFF: Q
n+1
= D
n
Dng nht 2 phuong trnh: S
n
+
n
R Q
n
= D
n
Thuc hin bin di:
S
n
+
n
R Q
n
= D
n
= D
n
(Q
n
+
n
Q ) = D
n
Q
n
+ D
n n
Q (a)
Mt khc biu thuc cua RSFF c th bin di nhu sau:
S
n
+
n
R Q
n
= S
n
(Q
n
+
n
Q ) +
n
R Q
n
= S
n
Q
n
+ S
n n
Q +
n
R Q
n
= S
n
Q
n
(R
n
+
n
R ) + S
n n
Q +
n
R Q
n
= S
n
Q
n n
R + S
n n
Q +
n
R Q
n
=
n
R Q
n
(1 + S
n
) + S
n n
Q
=
n
R Q
n
+ S
n n
Q (b)
Tu (a) v (b) ta c:
D
n
Q
n
+ D
n n
Q =
n
R Q
n
+ S
n n
Q
Dng nht 2 v suy ra:
S
n
= D
n
R
n
=
n
D
thoa mn diu kin R
n
S
n
= 0.
So d thuc hin: hnh 3.76.
R Q
Ck
S Q
T
Hnh 3.75. Chuyn doi RSFF sang TFF
R Q
Ck
S Q
D
Hnh 3.76. RSFF DFF
Chuong 3. Cc phn tu logic co ban Trang 69
- RSFF JKFF:
Dng nht 2 phuong trnh logic cua RSFF v JKFF ta c:
Q
n+1
= S
n
+
n
R Q
n
= J
n n
Q +
n
K Q
n
= J
n n
Q +
n
K Q
n
+ Q
n n
Q = J
n n
Q + (
n
K +
n
Q )Q
n
= J
n n
Q +
n
Q
n
K Q
n
So snh ta c:
S
n
= J
n n
Q
R
n
= K
n
Q
n
thoa mn diu kin cua RSFF.
So d thuc hin: hnh 3.77.
JKFF chuyn di thnh TFF, DFF, RSFF:
Nhu d trnh by o trn, JKFF l mt FF van nng, c th dng JKFF d thay th cho RSFF hoc
dng JKFF thuc hin chuc nng DFF, TFF. So d thuc hin cc mach ny nhu o hnh 3.67. Phn
ny tp trung chung minh cc biu thuc logic chuyn di tu JKFF sang cc FF khc.
JKFF c phuong trnh logic: Q
n+1
= J
n n
Q +
n
K Q
n
- JKFF TFF:
TFF c phuong trnh logic: Q
n+1
= T
n
Q
n
= T
n n
Q +
n
T Q
n
So snh voi phuong trnh cua JKFF ta suy ra logic chuyn di:
J
n
= T
n
K
n
= T
n
- JKFF DFF:
DFF c phuong trnh logic: Q
n+1
= D
n
Vit lai biu thuc ny ta c: Q
n+1
=D
n
=D
n
(Q
n
+
n
Q ) = D
n
Q
n
+ D
n n
Q
So snh voi biu thuc cua JKFF ta c logic chuyn di:
J
n
= D
n
K
n
=
n
D
- JKFF RSFF:
Di voi RSFF c phuong trnh logic d tm duoc o cng thuc (b):
Q
n+1
= S
n
+
n
R Q
n
= S
n n
Q +
n
R Q
n
(b)
So snh voi phuong trnh logic cua JKFF ta c logic chuyn di:
J
n
= S
n
K
n
= R
n
b. Phuong php dng bang dau vo kch v bang Karnaugh:
Trong phuong php ny, cc du vo du liu (data) cua FF ban du l hm ra voi cc bin l
trang thi ng ra Qn v cc du vo data cua FF cn chuyn di. D thuc hin chuyn di ta dua vo
bang tn hiu du vo kch cua cc FF v lp bang Karnaugh, thuc hin ti gian d tm logic chuyn
di. Bang tn hiu du vo kch tng hop nhu sau:
R Q
Ck
S Q
J
K
Hnh 3.77. RSFF JKFF
Bi giang KY THUAT S Trang 70
SR
Q
n
J
00 01 11 10
0 0 0 X 1
1 X X X X
J = S
SR
Q
n
K
00 01 11 10
0 X X X X
1 0 1 X 0
K = R
Q
n
Q
n+1
S
n
R
n
J
n
K
n
T
n
D
n
0 0 0 X 0 X 0 0
0 1 1 0 1 X 1 1
1 0 0 1 X 1 1 0
1 1 X 0 X 0 0 1
Xt cc truong hop cu th:
- chuyn di tu JKFF TFF : J = f (T,Q
n
) v K = f (T,Q
n
)
- chuyn di tu JKFF DFF : J = f (D,Q
n
) v K = f (D,Q
n
)
- chuyn di tu JKFF RSFF : J = f (S,R,Q
n
) v K = f (S,R,Q
n
)
- chuyn di tu RSFF TFF : R = f (T,Q
n
) v S = f (T,Q
n
)
- chuyn di tu RSFF DFF : R = f (D,Q
n
) v S = f (D,Q
n
)
- chuyn di tu RSFF JKFF : R = f (J, K,Q
n
) v S = f (J,K,Q
n
)
- chuyn di tu TFF DFF : T = f (D,Q
n
)
- chuyn di tu TFF RSFF : T = f (R,S,Q
n
)
- chuyn di tu TFF JKFF : T = f (J,K,Q
n
)
- chuyn di tu DFF TFF : D = f (T,Q
n
)
- chuyn di tu DFF RSFF : D = f (R,S,Q
n
)
- chuyn di tu DFF JKFF : D = f (J,K,Q
n
)
V d 1: Chuyn di tu JKFF DFF dng phuong php bang.
Ta c cc hm cn tm:
J = f (D, Q
n
) va K = f (D, Q
n
)
Dua vo bang du vo kch tng hop ta lp bang Karnaugh:
Ti gian theo dang chnh tc 1 ta c: J = D v K =D.
V d 2: Chuyn di tu JKFF RSFF dng phuong php bang.
Ta c cc hm cn tm:
J = f (S,R,Q
n
)
K = f (S,R,Q
n
)
Dua vo bang du vo kch tng hop lp bang Karnaugh (xem bang).
Ti gian theo dang chnh tc 1 ta c: J = S v K = R.
D
Q
n
J
0 1
0 0 1
1 X X
J = D
D
Q
n
K
0 1
0 X X
1 1 0
K = D