Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dong Dien 3 Pha
Dong Dien 3 Pha
Dong Dien 3 Pha
vn
Mn L
BI 17 - DNG IN 3 PHA
A. Tr li cu hi k trc :
1.Ti sao trong my pht in xoay chiu : stato c hai cun dy ? My pht in xoay chiu s dng nguyn tc cm ng in t : mi khi t thng qua mt khung dy hay cun dy bin thin th trong khung dy hoc cun dy xut hin sut in ng cm ng V th nu stato ca my pht ch c mt cun dy th khi roto quay trong cun dy cng xut hin sut in ng cm ng. T ta cng thy ngay nu t trn stato 2 hay 3, hay nhiu cun dy th trong cc cun dy cng u xut hin sut in ng cm ng. V vy, nu t nhiu cun dy lp kn khong khng gian c trong stato ta s tn dng c s bin thin ca t thng c sn do s quay ca roto. Tuy nhin, dng in cm ng sinh ra trong cc cun dy l cc dao ng in. Do chng c t lch nhau nn pha ca cc sut in ng sinh ra trong cc cun dy s khc nhau. Khi u cc cun dy ni tip hoc song song th cc dao ng lch nhau c th li lm yu nhau i. Nu t hai cun dy i nhau th hai sut in ng sinh ra s ngc pha nhau, do khi mc ni tip hoc song song 2 cun dy vi cc u dy u thch hp th hai sut in ng s cng vo nhau lm cho sut in ng pht ra mnh hn. Trong qu trnh t thm cc cun dy tn dng s bin thin ca t thng th ngi ta thy pht ra dng ba pha s c nhiu li ch nht. 2.Ti sao roto ca my pht thng dng nam chm in. + Nh ta bit, bin ca sut in ng do my pht ra l E0 = NBS th cho t trng B mnh hn khi s dng nam chm vnh cu. + Dng in cung cp cho roto s l mt phn dng in do chnh my pht ra. C 2 cch gii quyt : Cch 1 : Mc 1 my pht mt chiu ng trc vi my pht xoay chiu nhng c cng sut nh hn. Dng in do my pht mt chiu pht ra s c a vo nui nam chm in ca roto.
E0 t
www.truongthi.com.vn
Mn L
Cch 2 : Tch mt phn dng in xoay chiu do my pht ra, ri dng ir chnh lu nn n thnh dng 1 chiu, ri a vo nui nam chm in ca roto.
B. Bi ging :
Dng in 3 pha
1/ nh ngha : Dng 3 pha l mt h thng ba dng mt pha, c gy ra bi ba sut in ng c cng tn s, c cng bin nhng lch nhau v pha l 2/ My pht in 3 pha. a) Cu to : (Xem SGK) b) Hot ng : Cc em cn ch : my pht in ba pha c cu to sao cho pht ra c dng in ba pha ng theo nh nh ngha nu trn. + V ba cun dy ging ht nhau nn khi roto quay, trong 3 cun dy xut hin 3 sut in ng c
2 . 3
2 th 3
e2 = 0, ri 2
3
na s n
pha nhau ng
2 . 3
c/ Mc mch 3 pha. Mc sao : Trong cch mc ny : dng in chy qua 3 pha l nhau thnh dng in i chy trong dy trung ho.
i1,i2,i3 s tng hp vi
3U
pha
3 Ipha.
2
www.truongthi.com.vn
Mn L
V d 1 : Cho mch in 3 pha mc theo hnh sao, c hiu in th hiu dng trong 1 pha l
U p = 220V , tn s f = 50 Hz .
a) Chng minh rng hiu in th gia hai dy pha khc nhau c gi tr hiu dng Udy =
3U
pha
1 L = (H )
mc ni tip vi mt in
104
( F ) . Pha 3 :
+ Tnh dng in chy trong cc pha v dng in chy trn dy trung ho. + Tnh cng sut ca mch ba pha ny. GII a) Chng minh : U d = 3U p Ti 1 thi im bt k, theo nh lut m, ta lun c : A
U pha
L
R1
U AB = U AO + U OB
V mi hiu in th l mt dao ng iu ho nn c th biu din bng vecto bin . Nu chia c hai v cho
U day
Trung hoa
R2 R3 B C
2 , ta chuyn
v cc gi tr hiu dng :
!!!! !!!! !!!! !!!! " " " " !!!! " UAB = UAO +UOB = UAO + (UBO )
UAB
l hiu in th ng dy;
th ca pha 2. Vy :
!!! M " U P2
U
H
!!! " U P1
!!! " U P2
www.truongthi.com.vn
Mn L
3 = 220. 3 (V )
Z L = L = Z1 =
!!" UL
.2 .50 = 100 (100 3 ) 2 + 100 2 = 200
1
!!! " U P1
2 R12 + Z L =
Up
! " I1
!!! " U R1
i1 tr pha hn U
* Ti pha 2 :
p1
gc 1 c
tg1 =
ZC = ZL = I2 =
1 1 = 4 = 100 C 10 .2 .50
2 C
!! " I2
R +Z
2 L
Up Z2
i2
sm pha hn
U P2 gc 2
tg 2 =
UC Z 100 1 = C = = 2 = U R2 R2 100 3 6 3
!!! " UC
* Ti pha 3 :
I3 =
R3
220 = 0, 5 5 A 400
i 3 ng pha vi U 3
* tm dng in trn dy trung ho ta phi tng hp cc dng in chy trong cc pha :
www.truongthi.com.vn
Mn L
+ Ta c 3 vct
i1 tr hn U 1
!!! " U P3
!" I3
# 2 I10I2 = ( + ) = 3 6 6 3
V ln
!" 1 I 1
H
I2 = I 1 0I1I2 u
3 I 3 12 = I1 . 2 2 2
H = I1
Vy :
!" ! I2
!!" I 12
D thy
!! " I12 hng theo ng phn gic ca gc !! " # UP UP , do I12 hng ngc vi I 3 ,
1 2
f = 50Hz .
H mc ni tip vi mt in tr R = 200 .
Tnh I chy trong mt pha. Chng minh dng in trong dy trung ho Nu ba pha b t th dng in trn dy trung ho bng bao nhiu. Ba pha vn b t v pha 2 : thay cun L bng t C =
I = 0.
10 4 F th dng in trn dy 2
www.truongthi.com.vn
Mn L
Z L = L = Z = I1 =
2
!!" UL
!!! " U P1
2 R + ZL =
U P1 Z
1
!" I1
UL ZL = =1 UR1 R1
!!! " UR
!! " I2
Tng hp
!" I3
ln
hng ngc
. D thy
OI1I12 l tam gic u, suy ra v !! " !" I12 = I2 = I3 tng hp I12 vi I3 s bng 0.
!! " I12
!" I3
!" I3
!" !! " dy trung ho l tng hp ca I1 , I 2 nh chng minh trn l I12 = I = 0,424 A . !! " !!! " c/ Thay L pha hai bng C. I2 UR 1 1 ZC = = 4 = 200 . 2 C 10 .100 2
suy ra, v ln tng tr ca pha 2 khng i
I 2 = 0, 3 2 ( A) nh c nhng
i2 sm pha hn
!!! " UC
P2
gc
# 2 ( + ) = = = 5 D thy I1 0I 2 = 3 4 4 6 6 6
Theo nh l hm cos : 6
1 !"
I1
!!! " U P2
!! " I2
" I
www.truongthi.com.vn
Mn L
5 = 6
I = 0,3 2. 2 + 2.
3 = 0,3 4 + 2 3 $ 0,82 A 2
CU HI V BI TP V NH 1/ Lm th no chng minh c cng thc : I day = 3I pha trong cch mc tam gic ? 2/ Trong mch in mt chiu v mch xoay chiu mt pha : dy no l dy mt ? 3/ Lm cc bi tp trong B thi i hc : 61 (2), 77 (2), 80 (2).