MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON LIVING THINGS

1.1 CLASSIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS

VIRUSES
Smallest microbes Why are viruses only visible under an electron microscope? Different type different shapes Structure : contain DNA and RNA Non living things Reproduction : see page 3 Parasitic living in other bodies

Bacteria
Unicellular microbes Size? Can be seen only under higher power of microscope Why bacteria unkonwn until the invention of microscope about 200 years ago?

 Different type of bacteria :

Cocci (spherical) Spirilla (spiral) Bacilli (rod) Vibrios (comma)

 Structure :
DNA
Control all processes

Cell membrane
Control movement materials in and out

Cell wall
Maintain its shape

Capsule (some) Flagellum

Helps to move

 Living things Nutrition :

Autotrophic
Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis

Parasitic Saprophytic

 Habitat :
Air, water, soil, food, decaying matter Extreme environment : forming spore

Reproduction :
Asexually
Binary fission

Sexually
Conjugation

Protozoa
Unicellular Can be seen under low powers of microscope Shape can change during movement Structure :
See page 6

 Habitat:
Other bodies Most : fresh water, sea, damp soil

Reproduction :
Asexually : binary fission Sexually :Conjugation (paramecium)

Nutrition :
Parasitic Autotropic (chloroplast)

Algae
Unicellular chlamydomonas Multicellular seaweed Size? Use microscope under low or high power? Structure: nuclei, chloroplast Colour : green? Nutrition: photosynthesis. Why?

 Habitat:
fresh water, sea water,damp soil and barks of tree

Reproduction:
Asexually : binary fission , fragmentation, spore formation Sexually: conjugation

Fungi
Unicellular - yeast Multicellular mushroom Structure : nuclues (DNA), cell wall (chitin), cell membrane, cytoplasm and food store (glycogen granules and oil droplets) Multicellular fine branching filament network Unicellular : spherical cell

 Nutrition :
Parasitic and saprophytic

Reproduction:
Asexually : spore formation , budding Sexually : conjugation

Habitat
Decaying matter, outside or inside organisms