INTRODUCTION TO 8 BIT MICROPROCESSOR

MCROPROCESSOR IS THE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE CONSIST OF ELECTRONIC LOGIC UNIT MANUFACTURED BY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION .IT IS CPU OF MICROCOMPUTER .IT IS CAPEBLE OF PERFORMING COMPUTING FUNCTION . IN 1975 INTEL INTRODUCED AN IMPROVED 8 BIT MICROPROSSOR .


SALIENT FEATURE OF 8 BIT MICROPRPSESSOR.

1)IT IS 8 BIT MICROPROCESSOR . 2)PROVIED 8 BIT DATA BUS. 3)PROVIED 16 BIT ADDRESS BUS. 4)IT REQUARE +5V POWER SUPPLY. 5)IT HAS ONCHIP CLOCK GENRATOR.

PIN DIAGRAM INTRODUCING FOLLOWING SIGNALS AS FOLLOW:

1)AD01)AD0-AD7 (MULTIPLEXED ADDRESS/DATABUS) IT IS 8 BIT BIDIRECTIONAL TRI-STATE PIN TO CARRY ADDRESS AS WELL AS DATA TRIIN TIME SHARED MODE.THE LOWER ORDER BIT ADDRESS SIGNAL ARE MULTIPLEXED WITH DATA BUS.

HIGHER ORDER ADDRESS SIGNAL OF 16 BIT ADDRESS. 3)ALE(ADDRESS LATCH ENABLE): THE ALE SIGNAL USED TO SEPARATE ADDRESS SIGNAL FROM THE DATA SIGNAL . 4)IO/M: 4)IO/M:THIS IS AN OUTPUT SIGNAL USE TO GIVE THE STATUS OF OPERATION PERFORMED WITH MEMORY OR I/O BY MICROPROSSOR. 5)S1&S0 5)S1&S0(STATUS SIGNAL): THESE ARE OUTPUT STATUS SIGNAL USED TO GIVE THE STATUS OF OPERATION PERFROMED BY THE MICROPROSESSOR. 6)RD(READ): 6)RD(READ): THIS IS AN ACTIVE LOW O/P CONTROL SIGNAL USED TO READ DATA FROM MEMORY OR I/O DEVICE GENRATED BY THE MICROPROSESSOR. 7)WR(WRITE):THIS IS AN ACTIVE LOW OUTPUT CONTROL SIGNAL USED TO WRITE DATA TO MEMORY OR I/O DEVICE GENRATED BY THE MICROPROCESSOR. 8)READY: THIS IS ANACTIVE HIGH INPUT CONTROL SIGNAL AND USED BY THE MICROPROCESSOR TO CHEACK WHEATHER A PERIPHERAL IS READY OR NOT FOR DATA TRANSFER . 9)TRAPE: THIS IS AN ACTIVE HIGH EDGE TRIGGERED NON MASKABLE HIGHEST PRIORITY INTERUPPT .WHEN TRAP OCCUR ,THEN MICROPROSESSOR START WORKING FROM 0024H AUTOMATICALLY. 10)RST7.5,RST6.5,RST5.5(RESTART INTERUPPT): THESE ARE ACTIVE HIGHMASKABLE INTERUPPT .RST 7.5 IS EDGE TRIGGERED INTERUPPT .RST 6.5,RST 5.5 ARE LEVEL TRIGGEED INTERUPPT. 11)INTR &INTA: INTR IS AN ACTIVE HIGH ,LEVEL TRIGGERED GENERAL PURPOSE INTERUPPT. 12)HOLD&HLDA:HOLD IS AN ACTIVE HIGH INPUT BSIGNAL USED BY THE OTHER MASTER CONTROLLER TO REQUEST MICROPROSESSOR FOR GAINING THE CONTROL BUSES .MICROPROSESSOR ALSO GENRATOR .HLDA SIGNAL TO ACKNOWLEDGE REQUESTINGDEVICE AFTER RECEIVING HOLD SIGNAL.

2)A82)A8-A15 (ADDRESS BUS): THESE ARE 8 BIT OUTPUT ,TRI-STATE SIGNAL ARE USED TO CARRY ,TRI-

13)RESET IN: THIS IS AN ACTIVE INPUT RESET SIGNAL USED TO RESET MICROPROCESSOR . 14)RESET OUT: THIS IS ACTIVE HIGH OUTPUT SIGNAL GENERATED BY MICROPROSESSOR
AFTER RECEIVING RESET SIGNALK AND USED AS A SYSTEM TO RESET OTHER DEVICES IN THE SYSTEM.

15)SID &SOD: IT IS AN ACTIVE HIGH INPUT &OUTPUT SERIAL PORT PIN RECPECTFULLY. &SOD: 16)X1&X2:THESE ARE CLOCK INPUT PIN ,CONECT TO CRYSTAL ,LC OR RC CIRCUIT. 17)CLK OUT: THIS AN OUTPUT CLOCK SIGNAL &USED AS A SYSTEM CLOCK.

ARCHITECTURE OF INTEL 8085

THIS ARCHITECTURE DIVIDED INTO FOLLOWING GROUP: 1)ARITHMATIC &LOGICAL GROUP: GROUP: THIS GROUP CONSIST OF ALU ,ACCUMULATOR,TEMPARARY REGISTER & FLAG REGISTER .

1)ALU:THE 8 BIT ALU PERFOM ARITHMATIC OPERATION SUCH AS ADDITION ,SUBSTRCTION &
LOGICAL OPERATION SUCH AS ADDING ,ORING,XORING ETC.

2)ACCUMULATOR: THE ACCUMULATOR IS 8 BIT GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER OF ALU.IT IS

USED TO STORE DATA TEMPARARILY

3)TEMPORARY REGISTER : THIS TEMPARARY REGISTER USED IN ACCUMULATOR BASED

INSTUCTION TO STORE SECOND OPERAND TEMPORARILY.

4)FLAG REGISTER : ALU INCLUDE FIVE FILP FLOP WHICH ARE SET OR RESET AFTER AN
OPERATION ACCORDING TO THE CONDITION OF RESULT IN THE ACCUMULATOR & OTHER REGISTER.THEYARE CALLED ZERO,CARRY,SIGN,PARITY,AUXILARY FLAG.

2)REGISTER GROUP: THIS GROUP CONSIST OF 3 TYPES OF REGISTER.

1)TEMPARARY REGISTER 2)GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER 3)SPECIAL PURPOSE REGISTER.

3)INTERRUPT CONTROL GROUP: THIS BLOCK ACCEPT DIFFERENT INTERRUPT

REQUEST INPUT SUCH AS TRAP,RST 7.5, RST 6.5,RST 5.5,INTR,INTA.

4)SERIAL I/O CONTROL GROUP:THE SERIAL DATA TRANSFER IS IMPLEMENTED IN

8085 BY USING SID &SOD PINS. DATA CAN BE ACCEPTED FRAM SID PIN OR THE DATA CAN BE TRANSFER IN SOD PIN UNDER SOFTWARE CONTROL BY SERIAL I/O CONTROL BLOCK.

5)INSTRUCTION REGISTER ,DECODER & TIME CONTROL GROUP:

1)INSTRUCTION REGISTER (IR): IT IS 8 BIT REGISTER USED TO STORE THE CURRENT INSTRUCTION OF A PROGRAM TEMPARARILY.

2)INSTRUCTION DECODER(ID):IT ACCEPT AN OP-CODE OF THE INSTRUCTION FROM OPTHE INSTRUCTION FROM THE INSTRUCTION REGISTER DECODE IT & GIVE INFORMATION TO THE CONTROL LOGIC .

3)TIMING &CONTROL GROUP : IT ACCEPT INFORMATION FROM THE INSTRUCTION

DECODER & GENERATE DIFFERENT CONTROL SIGNAL. 8085 SYSTEM BUS: ATYPICAL MICROPROSESSOR COMMUNICATE WITH MEMORY & OTHER DEVICE USING 3 BUSES

1)ADDRESS BUS 2)DATA BUS 3)CONTROL BUS

LIMITATION:
1)LOW SPEED OF EXECUTION. 2)LOW MEMORY ADDRESSING CAPEBILITY. 3)LIMITED NUMBER OF GEERAL PURPOSE REGISTER . 4)LESS POWERFUL INSTRUCTION SET.

THANK YOU !