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  • DM and PCM

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    Sharev Singh Mehrok
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    Delta modulation is a signal encoding technique that uses a step size to approximate an analog signal as a binary sequence. The document defines a Delta_Modulation function that takes in a step size and signal amplitude to output the binary sequence and calculate mean squared error. It also describes pulse code modulation (PCM), which samples an analog signal, quantizes the sample levels, and encodes the quantized levels into a binary format. A pcm function is provided that takes the signal properties and number of bits to perform the PCM process and calculate metrics like bitrate, mean squared error, quantization noise, etc. Plots are generated to illustrate the sampling, quantization, and encoding steps of PCM.

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    14668_DM and PCM

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    Delta modulation is a signal encoding technique that uses a step size to approximate an analog signal as a binary sequence. The document defines a Delta_Modulation function that takes in a step size and signal amplitude to output the binary sequence and calculate mean squared error. It also describes pulse code modulation (PCM), which samples an analog signal, quantizes the sample levels, and encodes the quantized levels into a binary format. A pcm function is provided that takes the signal properties and number of bits to perform the PCM process and calculate metrics like bitrate, mean squared error, quantization noise, etc. Plots are generated to illustrate the sampling, quantization, and encoding steps of PCM.

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    88 views2 pages

    DM and PCM

    Uploaded by

    Sharev Singh Mehrok
    Delta modulation is a signal encoding technique that uses a step size to approximate an analog signal as a binary sequence. The document defines a Delta_Modulation function that takes in a step size and signal amplitude to output the binary sequence and calculate mean squared error. It also describes pulse code modulation (PCM), which samples an analog signal, quantizes the sample levels, and encodes the quantized levels into a binary format. A pcm function is provided that takes the signal properties and number of bits to perform the PCM process and calculate metrics like bitrate, mean squared error, quantization noise, etc. Plots are generated to illustrate the sampling, quantization, and encoding steps of PCM.

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    Delta Modulation

    function [y MSE]=Delta_Modulation(del, A) %del=step size %A=amplitude of signal %y=output binary sequence %Vary del value and check when MSE is least A=4;del=2; t=0:2*pi/100:2*pi; x=A*sin(t); plot(x) hold on y=[0]; xr=0; for i=1:length(x)-1 if xr(i)<=x(i) d=1; xr(i+1)=xr(i)+del; else d=0; xr(i+1)=xr(i)-del; end y=[y d]; end stairs(xr) hold off MSE=sum((x-xr).^2)/length(x); end

    PCM
    function [y Bitrate MSE Stepsize QNoise]=pcm(A,fm,fs,n) %A=amplitute of cosine signal %fm=frequency of cosine signal %fs=sampling frequency %n= number of bits per sample %MSE=Mean Squar error, QNoise=Quantization Noise %Example [y Bitrate MSE Stepsize QNoise]=pcm(2,3,20,3) A=2;fm=3;fs=20;n=3; t=0:1/(100*fm):1; x=A*cos(2*pi*fm*t); plot(x) %---Sampling----ts=0:1/fs:1; xs=A*cos(2*pi*fm*ts); %xs Sampled signal %--Quantization--x1=xs+A; x1=x1/(2*A); L=(-1+2^n); % Levels x1=L*x1; xq=round(x1); r=xq/L; r=2*A*r;

    r=r-A; stem(r) %r quantized signal %----Encoding--y=[]; for i=1:length(xq) d=dec2bin(xq(i),n); y=[y double(d)-48]; end %Calculations MSE=sum((xs-r).^2)/length(x); Bitrate=n*fs; Stepsize=2*A/L; QNoise=((Stepsize)^2)/12; figure(1) plot(t,x,'linewidth',2) title('Sampling') ylabel('Amplitute') xlabel('Time t(in sec)') hold on stem(ts,xs,'r','linewidth',2) hold off legend('Original Signal','Sampled Signal'); figure(2) stem(ts,x1,'linewidth',2) title('Quantization') ylabel('Levels L') hold on stem(ts,xq,'r','linewidth',2) plot(ts,xq,'--r') plot(t,(x+A)*L/(2*A),'--b') grid hold off legend('Sampled Signal','Quantized Signal'); figure(3) stairs([y y(length(y))],'linewidth',2) title('Encoding') ylabel('Binary Signal') xlabel('bits') axis([0 length(y) -1 2]) grid

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