GPRS Basics

Zhang Chunping

Agenda
"GPRS Network Structure GPRS Interface and Protocol GPRS Address Identity GPRS Radio Interface Technology GPRS Mobility Management GPRS Session Management

Whats GPRS GPRS General Packet Radio Service

High spectrum efficiency for data application  provide data service based on existing GSM  GPRS can keep long connection with network charge based on data flow

Low Speed Circuit Switching Data Service

internet
 Support connecting with PSTN/ISDN/PDN
 Provide Data & Fax Service  Most Data rate is just 9600bps  Support transparent & non-transparent Data Service  Demands increase IWF Function Module in MSC IWF

Disadvantages for Circuit Switching Data Service

    Low Spectrum efficiency Long Time for Call Setup Narrow Bandwidth & Low Data Rate High Cost

GSM Revolution
2M

384K 171.2K

57.6K 9.6K

GPRS Network Structure

MSC/VLR SS7
A Gs Gr Gi

HLR

BTS
Abis

BSC PCU
Gb

SGSN
Gn

GGSN
Gn

IP Network

Gn

GPRS Backbone

BG

Gp

SGSN

BG
Gn

GGSN

Other PLMN

GPRS Composition
 SGSN-Serving GPRS support Node  GGSN-Gateway GPRS Support Node  BG- Border Gateway  PCU- Packet Control Unit  GPRS Mobile Station

SGSN Function
Network access control Authentication Charging information collection MM and SM Routing and tunnel transmission Encryption and decryption Subscriber data storage and forwarding Route selection Encapsulation and tunnel transmission

GGSN Function
Network access control (external PDN side)
Message filtering Charging information collection

SM Route selection and forwarding

Storage and forwarding Route selection Address translation and mapping Encapsulation and tunnel transmission

Dynamical IP address allocation( optional)

BG function, GPRS Backbone Network

BG realize the interworking between operators
Based on router Safety protocol and route protocol Embedded

GPRS backbone network based on IP protocol

Consist of backbone router Interworking with each NE, SGSN, GGSN Every NE occupy unique IP address

HLR Function

Save GPRS subscription data Provide location/route information for MM and route selection, such as: Save and update user SGSN number and address GPRS user location deletion indicator MS reachable tag

HLR GPRS user information

Domain IMSI MSISDN SGSN Number SGSN Address SMS Parameters MS Purged for GPRS MNRG GGSN-list PDP Context Identifier PDP Type PDP Address Qos Profile Subscribed VPLMN Address Allowed Access Point Name PDP PDP PDP Qos VPLMN APN GPRS GPRS GGSN SS7 IP User identifier User basic MSISDN Registered Registered SGSN SS7 number of SGSN IP address Description

MSC/VLR Additional Function

SGSN connect with MSC via Gs interface( optional)

Combined IMSI/GPRS attach/detach Combined location area/routing area updating

 Improve radio resource

GPRS support SMS

SGSN connect with SMSC via Gd interface  capable of sending SM by GPRS, thus decrease the influence to voice service Share the existing short message information source Transfer SMS by MSC or SGSN upon decision of operator

Agenda
GPRS Network Structure " GPRS Network interface and protocol GPRS address and identity GPRS radio interface technology GPRS Mobility Management GPRS Session Management

GPRS Network Structure

MSC/VLR SS7
A Gs Gr Gi

HLR

BTS
Abis

BSC PCU
Gb

SGSN
Gn

GGSN
Gn

IP Network

Gn

GPRS Backbone

BG

Gp

SGSN

BG
Gn

GGSN

Other PLMN

Data Transmission Platform

Application IP Relay SNDCP LLC Relay RLC MAC GSM RF RLC MAC GSM RF BSSGP Network Service BSSGP Network Service SNDCP LLC GTP UDP/ TCP IP GTP IP

Relay

Application

IP UDP/ TCP IP

IP

L2

L2 L1

L2

L2 L1

L1bi s

L1

MS

Um

BSS

Gb

SGSN

Gn

GGSN

Gi

ISP

MS-BSS-SGSN Signaling Platform

GMM: GPRS Mobility Management SM: Session Management GMM/SM LLC
relay

GMM/SM LLC RLC MAC GSM RF Um RLC MAC BSSGP

BSSGP Network Service L1bis Gb

Network Service GSM RF L1bis

MS

BSS

SGSN

Gb Interface
BTS BSC PCU SGSN

Abis

Gb

L1bis NS

physical transmission layer, based on E1or T1 transmit BSSGP PDU based on frame

BSSGP provide link without connection for data transmission without acknowledgement For signaling platform, transmit radio related information such as QoS routing Process paging request flow control to data transmission

Gn/GP interface
BTS
Abis

BSC PCU
Gb

SGSN
Gn

GGSN
Gn

Gn

GPRS Backbone

BG

Gp

Other PLMN
BG

SGSN

L1/L2 IP

lower layer transmission networks :ATM,Ethernet,DDN

backbone protocol, routing selection for data and control

UDP/TCP UDP bear PDU no requiring reliable transmission; TCP provide flow control and loss, error protection to bear PDU requiring reliable transmission GTP data and protocol transmission between GSN

No.7 Signaing Interface

MAP TCAP SCCP MTP3 MTP2 L1 MAP TCAP SCCP MTP3 MTP2 L1 Gr Gd

SGSN
Gr : Authentication, MM

HLR SMC

Gd: transmit SM via GPRS network

Submit SMS
 SMSC check destination address of SMS,request location information of relevant HLR

 HLR return information include the current SGSN or MSC number ,or both to SMS. if no SGSN number ,means MS not reachable via SGSN; SGSN is given priority to be chosen for SMS delivery

Agenda
GPRS Network Structure GPRS Network Interface and Protocol "GPRS Address and Identity GPRS Radio interface technology GPRS Mobility Management GPRS Session Management

Address, Identity
TLLI/ NSAPI

PDP address P-TMSI IMSI

SGSN

TID=IMSI+NSAPI

GGSN

IP Network

IP address GPRS Backbone No.7 signaling address

IP address No.7 signaling address

 TLLI/NSAPI used to uniquely identify PDP PDU of MS between MS and SGSN ;  TID used to uniquely identify PDP PDU of MS between GSNs; used to forward user data with tunnel transmission mechanism, is composed of IMSI/NSAPI, existed in head of GTP

Address, Identity
 P-TMSI assigned by SGSN for attached GPRS user used in PS, correspond to TMSI in CS;  TLLI Identify logical link between MS and SGSN, deduct from P-TMSI  NSAPI used to specify specific PDP Context for MS

IMSI/NSAPI or NSAPI/TLLI in routing cell can be used to uniquely identify specific PDP context for specific user.  TID IMSI+NSAPI, used to uniquely identify a PDP context between SGSN and GGSN, or new SGSN and old SGSN

Address ,Identity
 GSN address every GSN has one or more IP address , internal

address , each one has one or more domain name for communication  GSN Number Each SGSN has a SS7 numbering to communicate with HLR and MSC. GGSN shall have a SS7 numbering as well if GGSN connect with HLR via Gc interface  PDP Address IP address IP4 or IP6 or X.121 address

for X.25 service

IP Address Allocation
 In GPRS network, SGSN, GGSN,CG,DNS is communicated with each other by IP address, each NE shall be allocated one IP.  The IP address of SGSN,GGSN,DNS is private or public, which need to be planned in whole GPRS network. CG usually use private IP for safety purpose.  MS shall be allocated IP address, IP address allocation :
Static address assigned to MS when subscription; or dynamic address allocated to MS when PDP context activation;  IP address can be private or public;  If MS use private address, address mapping and conversion need to be implemented by network when MS visit external IP network.

IP Address Allocation
 IP for NE interface Gn Gi is public address Mobile Terminal is allocated as private address dynamic
DNS 202.1.1.4 FireWare

GPRS Backbone
10.2.1.1 BSS SGSN 202.1.1.1 GGSN 202.1.1.2 202.100.1.1

Internet

10.2.1.2 10.2.1.1 <-> 10.2.1.2 <-> 202.100.1.1:1001 202.100.1.1:1002

Agenda
GPRS Network Structure GPRS Network Interface and Protocol GPRS Address Identity "GPRS Radio Interface Technology GPRS Mobility Management GPRS Session Management

Radio Channel Allocation

 GPRS share the physical channel of radio

interface with GSM  Radio resource allocation Dynamic allocation Fixed allocation

PS/CS Channel Dynamic Allocation

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

P2 P2 P1 P1 C4 C3 C2 C1
1

P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 C3 C2 C1
2

P3 P3 P1 P1 P1 C3 C2 C5
3

P3 P4 P4 P1 P1 C3 C6 C5
4

P3 P4 P4 P5 P1 C3 C6 C5
5

P3 P5 P5 P5 P1 C3 C6 P5
6

P3 C8 C9 P5 P1 C3 C6 C7
7

P3 C8 C9 P5 C10 C3 C6 C7
8

P3 C8 C9 P5 C10 C3 P1 C7
9

 P: Packet channel C

voice channel

Coding Scheme For Radio Channel

 Higher data transmission rate of each timeslot is compensated by lower error-tolerance.
Scheme Code Rate USF bits Precoded USF bits 3 6 6 12 Radio Block (excl. USF and BCS) 181 268 312 428 BCS Tail bits Coded Punctured bits bits Data Rate (kbps)

CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4

1/2 ~2/3 ~3/4 1

3 3 3 3

40 16 16 16

4 4 4 0

456 588 676 456

0 132 220 0

9.05 13.4 15.6 21.4

Steps for GPRS coding

Add BCS ( Add precoded USF

Effective load

Add tail bits

Coding

Puncture

456 bits

BCS : Block Check Sequence USF : Uplink State Flag

Radio block structure from CS1 to CS3

Radio Block USF rate 1/2 convolutional coding BCS

puncturing

456 bits

*Interleaving

52 TDMA Frames
B0 B1 B2 T B3 B4 B5 X B6 B7 B8 T B9 B10 B11 X

12 Radio Block Periods = 240 ms

Radio Block Structure for CS4

Radio Block USF block code no coding BCS

456 bits
*Interleaving 52 TDMA Frames
B0 B1 B2 T B3 B4 B5 X B6 B7 B8 T B9 B10 B11 X

12 Radio Block Periods = 240 ms

Channel Data Flow Rate

25

Typical city area, moving speed at 3km/h

20

15

10

CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4

0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24

CS1 and CS2 least influenced by carrier-to-interference radio CS3 and CS4 has low efficiency for low C/I, used when C/I >10 DB

C/I

(dB)

Data flow for Packet Transmission

Packet (PDU) PH Segment FH Info User data
Network layer SNDCP layer

...
FCS

Segment
SNDCP layer

LLC frame

Segment Segment BH Info

...

Segment RLC block

LLC layer LLC layer RLC / MAC layer

BCS Tail
456 bits

RLC / MAC layer Physical layer bits

Convolutional encoding
114 bits 114 bits 114 bits 114

Burst

Burst

Burst

Burst

Normal Burst

PH : Packet Header BH : Block Header FCS : Frame Check Sequence FH : Frame Header BCS : Block Check Sequence LLC:Logic Link Control, RLC:Radio Link Control

Agenda
GPRS Network Structure GPRS Network interface and protocol GPRS Address, Identity GPRS Radio Interface Technology "GPRS Mobility Management GPRS Session Management

MS Attach
Attach Type When MS turn-on, initiate attach procedure, Attach Type included in Attach Request indicates the type Log on GPRS only Log on GPRS/ Non-GPRS, SGSN initiate location update procedure to MSC/VLR MM Context PMM has three states , can be converted under the trigger of different event , each state corresponds to certain functionality and a series of relevant information, which constitute MM context; one user corresponds to a unique MM context, which existed in MS and SGSN.

MS State Model
Idle

Standby

Timer Timeout Send or receive PDU

Ready

RAI is known

CI is known

Location Management
In GPRS, location management is based on RA. RA is a subset Of location area, a location area can be viewed as a RA, can also be defined as several RA. Every RA is served by one SGSN, location update includes: Cell update; CI changes, RA unchanged; RA update: RAI changes, Intra-SGSN RA update Inter-SGSN RA update Combined RA/LA update Intra-SGSN Combined RA/LA update Inter-SGSN Combined RA/LA update Periodical Location Update

Mobility Management Function

Mobility Management enable the system acquire the user state info and location info. Includes: GPRS Attachment: establish MM context, MM state changed to Standby state. GPRS Detachment: Delete MM context, MM state changed to Idle Can be initiated by MS or Network side Safety function: authentication, encryption,identification check, etc. Location Management: RA update, periodical update, Cell update

Inter-SGSN Update
MS BSS new SGSN old SGSN GGSN HLR 1. Routeing Area Update Request 2. SGSN Context Request 2. SGSN Context Response 3. Security Functions 4. SGSN Context Acknowledge C1 5. Forward Packets 6. Update PDP Context Request 6. Update PDP Context Response 7. Update Location 8. Cancel Location 8. Cancel Location Ack 9. Insert Subscriber Data 9. Insert Subscriber Data Ack 10. Update Location Ack C2 11. Routeing Area Update Accept C3 12. Routeing Area Update Complete

GPRS MS Attachment Procedure

MS
Attach Request
Authentication

SGSN
Triplet request

HLR

. Update Location Insert Subscriber Data Insert Subscriber Data Ack Update Location Ack Attach Accept

Agenda
GPRS Network Structure GPRS Network Interface and Protocol GPRS Address, Identity GPRS Radio Interface Technology GPRS Mobility Management "GPRS Session Management

Session Management-PDP Context

If GPRS service applied by a user involved in one or more than one external PDN( e.g. Internet,X.25), GPRS subscribed data shall include GPRS PDN GPRS PDN PDP PDP PDP PDP PDP MS SGSN GGSN PDP MM

PDP Activation - 1
HLR

BTS

BSC SS7

1.
SGSN

MS send PDP activation request to SGSN APN PDP type (IP) PDP address request QoS and others
DNS

GPRS Core Network

Access Point
GGSN

SGSN check user data APN Dynamic or static IP address

Intranet

Internet

Definition of APN Structure

www.zte.com.cn.mnc<MNC>.mcc<MCC>.gprs
APN Network Identification APN Operator Identification

APN Network Identification define the external network GGSN connected (mandatory ) APN Operator Identification define the GPRS Network where GGSN located (optional) APN correspond to a GGSN domain name

PDP Activation - 2
(1) SGSN obtain GGSN IP address from DNS  APN mapping GGSN IP address (2) SGSN send create PDP context request to GGSN  PDP type e.g.IP  PDP address dynamic or static Intranet  APN  QoS and other parameters
Internet

BTS

BSC

SGSN

1.
GPRS Core Network

DNS

Access Point
GGSN

2.

PDP Activation - 3
 APN identify external data network the user want to use  Dynamic address allocation: allocated by GGSN address pool or external DHCP server  GGSN return create PDP context response to SGSN  SGSN return PDP context activatedto MS  SGSN can establish routing between MS and GGSN

BTS

BSC

2.
SGSN

GPRS Core Network GGSN Intranet

1.
Internet

PDP Activation on Network side (1)

MS SGSN HLR GGSN 1. PDP PDU 2. Send Routeing Info for GPRS 2. Send Routeing Info for GPRS Ack 3. PDU Notification Request 3. PDU Notification Response 4. Request PDP Context Activation 5. PDP Context Activation procedure

PDP Activation on Network side(2)

Visiting Network MS SGSN PLMN Backbone Network Home Network HLR GGSN PDP PDU Send Routeing Info for GPRS Send Routeing Info for GPRS Ack PDU Notification Request PDU Notification Response Request PDP Context Activation PDP Context Activation procedure

GPRS MS Classification
Class A Can Attache GPRS and non-GPRS network, and implement the CS and PS service simultaneously. Class B Can Attache to GPRS and GSM network, but cant implement CS and PS service simultaneously. Class C Cant attach to GPRS and GSM network simultaneously, only one of them can be selected, unselected service state is in off state, which can be connected.

Procedure for MS Access to Internet

Procedure: 3 steps  Attach  PDP activation  Access to Internet

GPRS MS Attach
SGSN
Attach_request (IMSI) Triplet request Authentication Update_location

HLR

GPRS MS Attach
SGSN HLR
Insert_subscriber_data Update_location_ack

Attach_accept (TLLI)
MS m TLLI

PDP Activation
SGSN DNS

Activate_PDP_context_req (NSAPI1,type [+ @ of PDP] , APN, QoS)

DNS_query (APN) DNS_response (IP of GGSN)

PDP Activation
SGSN
Create_PDP_context_req (type, APN, QoS)

GGSN

GGSN IP

TID1

Create_PDP_ctxt

Create_PDP_context response (IP ) Activate_PDP_context_accept (IP )

GPRS MS Data Transmission

SGSN GGSN
PDP network (IP/X.25)

NSAPI p TLLI

TLLI m IMSI NSAPI + IMSI p TID

TLLI NSAPI

User packet GGSN TID User packet

User packet

Roaming

Connected to Home GGSN

ISP Network

Home PLMN MS SGSN HLR GGSN BG

Subscription data GTP addresRoaming MS

MS

sing

IPSec tunnel hop-by-hop

BG

Re-attach SGSN
Visiting PLMN

GGSN

Roaming-Connected to Visiting GGSN

Home PLMN MS SGSN HLR GGSN BG Roaming agreement between ISPs Home ISP Network RADIUS

Roaming MS
MS

BG

Re-attach SGSN
Visiting PLMN

GGSN

Visiting ISP Network RADIUS

Thank You