Cu b ng vs Cu ch ng Ng php v cu b ng c lm bn bi ri? 1. Ch ng: L cch t cu trong Ch ng ng vai ch ng thc hin hnh ng trong cu. V d: She bought a book.

. (C y mua mt quyn sch.) 2. B/Th ng cch: l cch t cu trong Ch ng nhn tc ng/chu nh hng ca hnh ng trong cu. Cu b ng c dng khi mun nhn mnh n i tng chu tc ng ca hnh ng hn l bn thn hnh ng. V d: A book was bought by her. (Quyn sch ny l do c y mua.) <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--> <!--[endif]--> Ch : iu kin c th chuyn cu ch ng sang b ng: - ng t trong cu ch ng phi l Ngoi ng t. (transitive verbs) - Khi ch ng trong cu ch ng chu trch nhim chnh v hnh ng th khng c chuyn thnh cu b ng. V d: The US takes charge of sth (Nc M nhn lnh trch nhim no ) <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--> <!--[endif]--> 3. Qui tc B ng cch: a. ng t ca cu b ng cch: To be + Past Participle. b. Tn ng ca cu ch ng thnh ch t ca cu b ng. c. Ch t ca cu ch ng thnh tn ng theo sau gii t BY. "By + Object" ng cui cu sau tt c cc tn ng khc. Nu sau BY l mt i t v nhn xng mang ngha ngi ta: by people, by sb th b i. Cu ch ng: Subject + Transitive Verb + Object Cu b ng: Subject + Be + Past Participle + BY + Object V d: The farmer dinks tea everyday. (ch ng) Tea is drunk by the farmer everyday. (b ng) <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--> <!--[endif]--> d. Nu l ngi/vt trc tip gy ra hnh ng th dng BY nhng nu l vt gin tip gy ra hnh ng th dng "WITH".

V d: The bird was shot with the gun. The bird was shot by the hunter. 4. Khi ngoi ng t cu ch ng c hai tn ng, mt trc tip v mt gin tip (nhm tng biu), ta c th chuyn thnh hai cu b ng. Mun nhn mnh vo tn ng no ngi ta a tn ng ln lm ch ng. V d: I gave him an apple. (ch ng) An apple was given to him. (Cu b ng - nhn mnh n "An apple" (tri to) ch khng phi l tri khc.) He was given an apple (by me). (Cu b ng - nhn mnh "He" (anh y) l ngi c nhn tri to ch khng phi l ai khc.) 5. Mt s cu c bit phi dch l "Ngi ta" khi dch sang ting Vit. V d: It is said that = people say that (Ngi ta ni rng) It was said that = people said that (Ngi ta ni rng) Mt s ng t c dng nh trn: believe, say, suggest, expect, ... 6. Ta dng ng t nguyn th trong th b ng: TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE ch mt nh hay s bt buc hoc s khng th c. V d: This exercise is to be done. (Bi tp ny phi c hon thnh.) This matter is to be discussed. (Vn ny phi c tho lun.) 7. Sau nhng ng t: to have, to order, to get, to bid, to cause hay mt ng t ch v gic quan hoc cm tnh, ta dng Past Participle bao hm ngha nh b ng: V d: We had your photos taken. (Chng ti chp hnh cho bn)

We heard the song sung. (Chng ti nghe thy c nhng bi ht ny.) We got tired after having walked for long. (Chng ti mt mi sau khi phi i b qu lu.) <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--> <!--[endif]--> Tuy nhin, trong mt s trng hp "to be/to get + Past Participle" hon ton khng mang ngha b ng m mang 2 ngha: <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--> <!--[endif]--> - Ch trng thi, tnh hung m ch ng ang gp phi. V d: He got lost in the maze of the town yesterday. (Hm qua anh y b lc trong m cung ca th trn.) <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--> <!--[endif]--> - Ch vic ch ng t lm ly V d: The little boy gets dressed very quickly. (Cu b nhanh chng mc qun o vo.) 8. Bng chia Ch ng sang B ng: - Hin ti thng hoc Qu kh thng am/ is/ are + past participle was/ were + past participle Hurricanes destroy a great deal of property each year. (ch ng) A great deal of property is destroyed by hurricanes each year. (b ng) (Mt s lng ln nh ca b nhng cn bo ph hy mi nm.) - Hin ti tip din hoc Qu kh tip din am/ is/ are + being + past participle was/ were + being + past participle The committee is considering several new proposals. (ch ng) Several new proposals are being considered by the committee. (b ng) (Mt vi k hoch ang c y ban xem xt.) - Hin ti hon thnh hoc Qu kh hon thnh has/ have/ had+ been + past participle The company has ordered some new equipment. (ch ng)

Some new equipment has been ordered by the company. (b ng) (Mt vi thit b mi c cng ty t hng.) <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--> <!--[endif]--> - Tng lai n hoc Tng lai hon thnh is going to be/will be/will have been + past participle - ng t khim khuyt (can, might, must, have to) modal + be + past participle The manager should sign these contracts today. (ch ng) These contracts should be signed by the manager today. (b ng) (Nhng bn hp ng ny cn c gim c k trong hm nay.) <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--> <!--[endif]--> 9. Mt s Trng hp c bit khc: remember; want; try; like, hate ... V d: I remember them taking me to the zoo. (Ch ng) I remember being taken to the zoo.(B ng) V d: She wants her sister to take some photogtaphs.(Ch ng) She wants some photographs to be taken by her sister. (B ng) V d: She likes her boyfriend telling the truth. (Ch ng) She likes being told the truth. (B ng) 10. Mt s Trng hp c bit nguyn mu c TO: Suppose; make; believe V d: You are supposed to learn English now. (B ng) = It is your duty to learn English now. (Ch ng) = You should learn English now. (Ch ng) <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--> <!--[endif]--> V d: You should be working now.(Ch ng) You are supposed to be working now.(B ng) V d: His father makes him learn hard. (Ch ng) He is made to learn hard. (B ng) V d: People believed that he was waiting for his friend (Ch ng). He was believed to have been waiting for his friend.(B ng)