The Aircraft Electrical System

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The Aircraft Electrical System

The Aircraft Electrical System


Source 12 volt battery with the negative terminal connected to the airframe (negative ground). Master solenoid Master switch

The Aircraft Electrical System


The Starter Circuit Starter switch circuit (control circuit)

Starter solenoid circuit (motor circuit)


The master switch/solenoid circuit must also be connected.

The Aircraft Electrical System


The Busbar Rigid point that is a convenient place to terminate many wires neatly and safely.

Connected to the positive terminal of the battery, when the master switch is on.
Same electrical potential as the battery. Circuit breakers are often mounted.

The Aircraft Electrical System


The Alternator The alternator switch completes a circuit to the voltage regulator. The voltage regulator samples the system voltage and increases or decreases the field voltage which limits alternator output.

The Aircraft Electrical System


Ammeters And Loadmeter In The Circuit Installed between the master solenoid and the busbar.

Senses the amount and direction of current flow in the battery circuit.
Installed between A terminal of the alternator and the busbar. Senses current flow (in one direction), or output, of the alternator (loadmeter).

Ignition Systems

Battery Ignition System

Magnetos
Completely independent of the electrical system of the airplane. Primary current is interrupted by a set of breaker points, and high voltage for the spark plugs comes from the voltage step-up in the magneto coil. Rotating Magnet Magneto

Rotating Magnet Magneto

Rotating Magnet Magneto


Resultant Flux (E-gap) Maximum current is flowing several degrees after neutral.

Rotating Magnet Magneto

Rotating Magnet Magneto


Dual Magnetos High-tension Magnetos

Low-tension Magnetos

High-tension Magneto

Low-tension Magneto

Rotating Magnet Magneto


Aids To Starting Magnetos provide a good, hot spark at idle, at cruise, and at high speed. But not when the engine is turning slowly during start.

Impulse Coupling

Impulse coupling
A small spring-loaded coupling between the magneto shaft and the engine drive gear.

Impulse coupling

Vibrator starting system Shower of Sparks


Pulsating DC from the induction vibrator is directed into the magneto coil.

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