Crystal 4MHZ .

Provide a stable clk signal for PIC

Role of capacitor in crystal circuit for micro-controller.

The additional capacitors on either side of the crystal are basically to damp unwanted oscillation modes, The crystal will transfer any harmonic of it's resonant frequency to a greater or lesser degree, sometimes this is desired, but not in micro controllers, I've never seen a micro controller that uses an overtone crystal (non resonant but harmonically higher), in theory if you changed the cap values you could get a 10mhz crystal to start a micro controller up at 5mhz or 20mhz, assuming the oscillator circuitry allowed it, might require tweaking, but not needed, micro controllers almost always have clock divider options that would allow you to divide the incoming clock for the main frequency. Generally micros are run at their maximum allowable frequency all the time, situations where their running frequency needs to be tweaked don't occur regularly. When it's started up a crystal oscilator is basically fed a noise pulse, and the rest of the passive components in the circuit have to act to quickly to attenuate all the unwanted frequencies down to the one the oscilator can run at BUT that the MCU will run at, if there is no check on that noise you can get random false positive clock ticks at harmonics if they're not filtered out So you could get a 10mhz main clock but sometimes there are over or undertones causing extra ticks here or there, all that's desired is one and only one frequency where there is output. It may never stabilize which will really wreak havoc on code, or again in theory if the oscillator allowed it could stabilize at so high a frequencies the micro controller can't function properly (generally from flash timing)