xGSH GG

G G
G : G G G, } H , SH},
GG GH} }H HH }G}} GG
G -G
SH} G G H GH }
G G H

Gx x J

G :

} : H

! } G} Gv} G H }

G} GH G} ! G-G} Gx H J

: H G M G G H J
GH xG} }
GG
}xG G
13 H H } } 1428 .

xGSH GG

xGSH GG (G-G )
H (xGSH GG )
G GG , } H , SH} GG
GH} }H HH }G}} GG G -G
G } G G } J
}H } ( SH}) H S}H
GG } } --H } G
J } x x } }H }
( GG }v -}H) }GHG G } } J
G : }H } ( SH})
} --H }
Hv , HG }S },
G, G}-1, x,
G : 079-25391168 MO. 9374031409
E-mail : maktabahind@gmail.com

xGSH GG

xGSH GG (G-G )
SH (26 S-G G) } }}H G H, G }
xG-HG S} J

M G G GH
S }, SG G , G G S, G G
x, SG }GG S
G}
, } M S } H
G J

SG
GG S xG
G } :
H
: } GH}
x J } S vG xGSH H J SwG S
zGS SS } : | G
G | v ! SG yG} S xGSH H J
} G zGS SG H G S} S
vG G S} x G Gx |

xGSH GG
G } }SGG
S S G} | J

2
: S } M G H

G Mx J } S
, G G H
} } H S S
zGS SG J
H
G} SG } }xGG J
x 1 G } x }
G }G } zG }} x }

} } SH} | ! ! } SHG
}
zGS H } H
S S }vGG H J S S SH} | S GSH
GH} S } G GG
} |H }GG H S } xGSH }G-}H
} SS , }G G }G GG
}G G G H ! | xGSH G G }G
vG G xGSH H J GS }
: G S } GH S } S
( S }G GH} S } G
S xGSH G G x) J
1

: }x}

xGSH GG
G } }SGG
S |H x J

3
: wGS } M G |H x

xGSH GG (G-G )
xG G H H } S GG }
GSH H xGSH J H 2
3 3 {, S x { wG S
, S} x S S
}G S G }x {, x xG
xGSH | { H, H GG
G H, GSS S< } (S S | Hx S
) 3 S{ { , 3
{ , S }} 3 , xGSH
x S Hx , x G } { {
H J } G H LG , }} }H
J S x S G G x
}} } S~ (G S H 2 S})
S } G S H, } G GS GM 2
3 G H H v G x S
xG x G
x
x J G | G GG G J xGSH
S G S} xzG-x } , G | G,
H xG S } G J G
G H J x }vM vG vG zGH
}SG J (}wGG G G, . 1, S. 319 xG

xGSH GG

G } }SGG
: S S } GR S } M
G GG G wG x J

xGSH 3 G G
(1) H

(2) } G (3) }} G
J
(1)

} } G S H H }
H } G, x, S GG G
x J S GG G xH },
G G G
GG J G xG-xG | H
S J } H xG
G GM J x G } G ( vGS)
}GG J xGSH S G H } xG }GSS
x }G | G H }H} G
G G , H }G G x J
H }SH S } x S { x
}SH }GG J (( G, .
1, S. 316, G -GG }, . 1, S. 439,440) S GG
H xGSH H G G S GG 3 H G
H S J
(2)

} G

Hx H S }

xGSH GG

G } }SGG
: S } S } SG S }
} M G S G } } G G }Hx J

Hx } x SwG a MG
{H HG} J S x S
J GH H | x {H S
xGSH x J x S x S
G G G , G H { | G G J
(G, G,S. 442 443)
(3) }} G

S H S H S} G
x GM , S} G x
S x GG S x xGSH
( G, . 1, S. 319)
x J

v S GMG
S S } G H
xGSH 21 GG
y x }

S H x{ H G
S G G y G SG G
H GM H GM J x SwG x{
H G x H GM y x
} H } (SG)
S } G G J G } SG }
xGSH } x } }
y |, } G H G S

xGSH GG
G } }SGG
G G S G J

6
: S S } GR S } M

H { GM y G S
SG } { y H y
G xH G } xG {Hx y
GG xGH { y G H { y
G { y { y G } | H
x } G } xH H { y S}
x G S { y G (G
GSS) G { y H G
| y S }H x
GH , GSS G y xH
y H y G - (
G G) H SyGG G y S- x
G { y S G , x H G S
G { H G J
(}HwGGS G G, . 1, S. 317-318)

}S H 6 GG
S (2) S
G H { (3) G G ( G
}x GSS) x vG wG
GG S { (4) G GH ( }x M
(1)

xGSH GG
G } }SGG
S G G Mx J

7
: } G }G M G Gx } G }

GSS) } xH H { G G }SG (5) x GG

G S S G xG xGSH S G S G GH
S wG S SG H }SG ( G, .
1, S. 318) (6) x H H G Hx S |
G G G xGSH x, } x } G J

GwG} ^
GwG} ^ xG { S H } vGS
G ^ }SG H G G S x }G
S vGS S GG }SG
H J ^ GM S G x
}SG G x J x GM S G x xG ^
{ }} }-SH G GwG} }x ^ G
xH } { S S G GSS | ^
, x H }} H S GSS
{ G G J x }} H }} }x
S { S x GwG} xG vGS
S ^ }SG H G , GSS
(G, S. 318)
| { S }GG x J

xGSH G G 5 S
(1) } x S

S GG
S H (2) GH} S } } H (3)
}x } GG (S) GH wG ,

xGSH GG
G } }SGG
H G J

8
: } M S }

GH , xGSH G G (4) GG S G xG
(5) G S ( wG S) S G xG
( G, . 1, S. 321 324)
J

G S GM GG
vS G } } G
HS40 HG} G H
xGHG J G S zH }H- J
wG S G S S G S G }g
HS40 x HS40 |
}G J HG HS40 xGSH H HS40
S H wG H }
} S vG | xGSH H }G
G MG x J x HS40
wG x MG H S Gy} wG S G S
} x J }-SH H } wG
x G xGSH }G xG ,
HS40 } G G 2 } G wG
x S H } }}H HS40 G S x J
| }G G G w S x, x S
G G }G G G G | S
J (}wGG G G -G }G, . 4, S. 354 356)

xGSH GG
G } }SGG
} J

9
: } | } M G } M

5 GM G

(1)}

S x S
H S x G GH G H G Hx
S } G xGSH G G J G GH x
(2)x } H G x vG S H
S G G H xGSH G G G x (3)x
GH} }x S S G xG
xGSH G G (4) }G } } }H}
}x H S G H }G H G
}G x }x xGSH G G x ( G, . 1, S. 321 322)
(5) S }g G S xGSH G G J x
} J GS } S H }G x J
S S
} }G x H G
} HG J

} G GG
} G H GG, }} H S }H
G} G G
G} } GG x :
wGS }HG ( } G H) S G H S
} , S S} , G G }, S v

xGSH GG

10

G } }SGG
: S } S } M G H
S S G} GH G } J

G x S v G G S S S G
?
H GG : xx 1, GS , S S
} , G SG , G } S ( } G
H ) H x| ( G}H) x S S }}G G}
}GG
} LS x x , H
G } S GG G } S J S
HGH G S G S G-- GG
HGH
H G H S }- G
G J }G x J }G SG H xG
S-H wGHS G J
(G -GG, . 22, S. 244)

(-- GG SG G

16

: SG S-H

wGHS x G x G }G H S
S x S G )

} xGSH GG
x }-SH , } G
S } L S {, G S S
x J S | GM G 3 G--
H L vG zGH }H} H x }
H } G H J

xGSH GG

11

G } }SGG
: S S } GR } M
G G Hx } S S wGS J

J x H xG } G G--
x H S SHS 3 { S
x J S } ( H G ) G
} G Gv} } J } G G
S } GG } G-- 3
{ G } }G } J ( G . 1, S. 320) G xGSH
}} S } H } G x J

G Gv} }
G H S (xG }yGG) } : G ( H)
xGSH } xGSH Gv} } HG S
xGSH G xGSH vG }g
SHS S x J }wG } : x
G GG } G xGSH vG
}g S S J

! xGSH G } H } G J

G GG
x G}}} } G (SHOWER) S
GG H S GG } x } }
G H G GG J S G } |
S GG GG G } J G H GG }
} 45 - G J HG

xGSH GG

12

G } }SGG
: S wGS G H S S }
GR } M G J

GG | GM

45

x G (xH ANGLE)

J S }SH S vS Hx G G J
W.C.

LG LS

} G } xG H.S (W.C.)
G LG x xGHG S SHG G } H J
G GG S }

W.C.

G H S 90 -

}G G } SH} LG J }} G}}
} SH wG S HGG G H
J }S} } xG
G GG G G J
} H G H
| |S Gx

xGSH S
}G, GH G ~G, G G, G-G ( 9 GH
GH G}) G} { vG S J

xGSH }SG
(1)

G G G-G

(2)

G G }GHG

(3)

GG

xGSH GG

13

G } }SGG
: S } G }G S M G
S S SH x }GG x J

G} (4) GG S G}
(5) GG (6)
wGH } (7) } } H 3 (8)
(9) G (10) G-G (11) }HS }H
G (12) x }HS G H (13) } H
(14) } ( xH) (xH) (15)
xG S G G (16) (17) x S
(18) G H (19) SG S H
H (20) SGG wG (21) }G SG
GSG (22) }GG SSG H (23) GG SwG
{ H (24) S Hx }H}
S x Hx J
( G, . 1, S. 324 325,

xGSH } }wGHG
S xGSH xGSH
H, S x S S }Hx J }G
G xGSH }G G xG
| H x, x xGSH }G G
}G H J
(}wGG G G . 1, S. 325)

} xGSH
Hx S} S~ H G} J (G
-G }G, . 3, S. 306) xG } | }

xGSH GG
G } }SGG
G} |x J

14
: } M G G H

H }G x } H H
} S | xG x G J

x HS H GG G S ?
HS x G S H SGH
S} xG } x } G } G S
GG S~ S }H GG }-SH
} }}H xH (|) G S S } S
(}wG) GG GG S G G J

Gv} x HS H S~ | GG }H GG
G J

x vG wG GG
G}}} } x S }
S S xG x G S S
S } G H GG } } J

xGSH S GH ?
G } } xG x} SGG
S S } }G G x x }G x
H , } G x S J
S GSS |x H xGSH x J

xGSH GG

15

G } }SGG
: } S S M G } }
M G } x H }xGG J

SGG S { H xGSH GM J
(}wGG G G . 1, S.

318)

S vG GG
x GG xGSH GG S
(STOOL) xG H } J G
xGSH } S}H }x | G J

H x
H } x xGSH } S H
GM J (G)

G }G gS S10 GMG
S S GH }
G G 10 }H
S xGSH G G S }S } , GG ,
G , G G, S H,
G H (H S S } G} S } xGG

(1)

, x xGG H G )

S G , S x
S GMG }G GG H G} J (
(xG }yGG, G H S)

G . 1, S. 326) (}} } H HS } H G

}G xG } SH G } }G-G J)

x G G } G xGSH G
Hx } G J
( G . 1, S. 326)
(2)

xGSH GG

16

G } }SGG
: } M G G H
S H G G H G G G G J

S GG S S G L}H xG S G
G G G G J (G)
(4) S, ^ H S
S { S S G
G} S G S H G J
(G)
(5) G G S H
R H
}-SH
S }S} } S G S}
vGS G
S S
S-H G G -H S S-H G G
G S S } G G
(G)
G J
(6) G H H HzGG G H S G S J HzGG
G H S S S | G S v S S
} G }-G , wGH J
(3)

(G)
(7) G G G

S G} J xG
G G } }G-G J
( G . 1, S. 326)
(8) S S G H

xGSH GG

17

G } }SGG
: S } } M H
} } S } x G S H SxGG x J

xGSH S G} J
(G, S. 327)
(9) S S}H S H }vM J GS
G S } xG H } G J
(10) G } G S S S G
} S | G } G S Gv} J (G)

G
G S xGSH G G G vG, zGS
GS }vM J x S
G S x S G }G-G
J }x G S } } |
G} J (G)
G SH} G H wG SH
H | GG G } G}} }
} }H J

GH } M G G
xGSH G G M G G G
} G J }x G H G J (
G, . 1, S. 327) G G J

xH } (INK) } ?
H G } , H H G x

xGSH GG
G } }SGG
S S G} | J

18
: S } M G H

S (INK) }, G} Hx H }v, }
Hx x xGSH x J
}H} S x { GM
H }GG G x J
( G, . 1, S. 319)

HxG ?
HG 12 SH HG 9 S S } G}
xG HxG HxG x HG HG (
S S) 15 S }H G} } GM G HxG
HxG , x S HxG ( HxG GH})
G J G} x S , wG
HG wG HG S wG x } GH ( }
H)... ... HG GG ... ... }G S HG ( S
HG ) G}H ... ... (}G S) HG
G}H G HxG HxG J x S
, }x G } HxG HxG G GH
G H vG ( H ) | HxG
HxG S} x }} G } HxG G G x
(HG ) G } H HG S ( )
} | } J (G -G, . 19, S. 630)

G S zGS GS
G vG x SH} J ( G, . 1, S. 327)
(1)

xGSH GG
G } }SGG
S |H x J

19
: wGS } M G |H x

S G G H} | }
S SG } S | G J

(2)

(G, S. 328)

G } G {
}SH G } G {, S S
wG G xG G S}H
}G J
( G, . 1, S. 328)
(2) G GMG J (zGSH
(1)

}H} H G G S G G S}H SG G
113 S SG G 123 }G-HG G } H )
(3) }SH

} G}} } } SH
S H J

}SH H G S
S }SH H G x} GG
}G } S}H S }G gS
G } HG }G } S }SH
S}H }S J
(G H S)

SS S
xGSH G } S SS J GG
S
S GH }xGzGG H
S S }G G }
SH }, G G}

xGSH GG

20

G } }SGG
: S S } GR S } M
G GG G wG x J

wGS xGSH G } G },
G}} S S SS J

}}}
}}} G G
}}} } 3 G G (1) (2) S }
(3) S} 2 }SG J
( G, . 1, S. 353-355)

}}} S H S GMG
S S }}} 10 S
S}H G (2) G} }
(3) G} } H ( x G
H) (4) xH H (5) G H
x G S x G } }x
GG H G (6) H }
}SG (7) 2 }SG (8) H S{
}SG (9) G GHH (10)
xH GHH xG x J x xG
}-SH xG S S G } S
xG GHH G G GHH H G}
( G, . 1, S. 356)
} GM J
(1)

xGSH GG
G } }SGG
S S G} | J

21
: S } M G H

}}} GG (G-G )
}}} ( H } ,
G S | H J }-SH : G xGSH
S GSH }G G H }}}
) S}H G xH
S S G G} G S} (}-SH , ,
, , }^ xG) S } H H ( x G
H) J x G x Hx G H

S S S } S GG }SG GSS
x H | x x }}} x J
S S GG G} } 2 G S
H S} }SG , S GG
x GH 4 xH S{
xH S S H
S H S S{ }S
x^ H x S S{ x }SG
J S GG S{ S }SG J x
} H xH S }SG H | }}}
x S xH GG H xH S
GG H x }x S GHG J }}} } S
}SG J (}HwGGS G, . 1, S. 353,354,356 xG)

xGSH GG

22

G } }SGG
S |H x J

: wGS } M G |H x

} H GG S G
S GMG S S
}}} 25 }- H
G x S H H }
G} S ( G S}) S S S }}} G J
, , S}, x{ , (}H), G , G G, GG G ,
xG S }}} G xG J
y

( G, . 1, S. 357,

y v , }^

S }}} G J x
S S G } ( S} ) S G}
S }-SH } }}} G J ( G,
. 1, S. 358) G}} G
}}} J
y S }^, xG S }}} S
GM S S S S SG
G S S S J (G S. 357) G},
x G} G x
{ S S S S Gy}
S }G G }x S S }}} S J
y } | S x G GH S J
(G S. 357)

x H G, G, xG x
} xH }}} G J
y

(G S. 359)

xGSH GG

23

G } }SGG
: S S } GR S }
M G GG G wG x J

y ,

}^ wG }S S
S }}} G J }x S H , HS
} G H xG S G
S G} GH , }H G J
y S G G G
G xGSH x }}} J
( G, . 1, S. 346)
y S

} G xGSH S S G }
SGG G | G
xGSH } G x }S}
G H G G G G SG
vGS x J S } }}} S J
(G,

x S S } vGS xH S
S }SG J
( G, . 1, S. 347)
y GG }H |
}}} S J (G)
y x G}G} G S G H G
}}} G J (G)
y S S } } G
S S S} |
}}} G J
(G S. 348)
y

xGSH GG

24

G } }SGG
: S } S } SG S }
} M G S G } } G G }Hx J

G G G H G }}} }G G
H } G x } G G H }G
| G S G } G J

(G S. 349)
y x x}

H } G G H G S xG
x }}} G J
(G S. 350)
y }S } S xGSH G G x G
}}} H GG ( GG G G ) J
(}wGG G G -G }G, . 3, S. 479) H
G G} J
( G, . 1, S. 352)
y vG x x G xGS H x }G G G x
}}} }G G H G xGSH }G
G HG} J (}wGG G G -G }G, . 3, S. 307)
y G GG G S S x G
( G, . 1, S. 352)
}}} J
y x S x }H }}}
H }^ S vG }G } }G S S
}} G- }G H }G H J
( G, . 1, S. 353) }x }^ G
G }}} }G G x J
y G xGSH }}} GG J

xGSH GG
G } }SGG
G G S G J

25
: S S } GR S } M

y S xGSH G G S

H GM G xGSH
2 H 2 }}} } 2
H 2 x x SG xGSH G
| G J
( G, . 1, S. 354)
y G S G xGSH G G S
}}} | G S | }}}
J
(G S. 360)
y G x } H xG H H H
x }SG S x J
(G S. 355)
y GSS G } GH }
S }SG GM x } vG S
G S H GSS }SG S x
}}} x J S GG G S H | x J
(G)
y x, G xG

G G
J SH} | G xG }SG J
}}} GG G S G J
(G)
y } S G }}} S S
S } }}} H ,
S }}} S x J
(G S. 354,

xGSH GG

26

G } }SGG
: } G }G M G Gx }
G } S G G Mx J

}- } : G G } S H } --H
} }y G GG }G S H
SH}G GG }G-HG }G J
}SGG ! } xGSH }SH G, S}
S S} S }GG xGSH G G
GG G } J
GH xG} }
G G }xGG
GS H G S
} G GS

4 H x .1432 .

H G
xG} vG, }G, H }H xG }
} --H } G H }- H }}H
}G H vG} }, x GG }
H | H }}H , wG G
GG }GH } } } G } G |
H }- H }G H {} }
G } J