S GG G H

A-1

U G U G

G : G GUG, } H , SH}, GG GH} }H

HH }G}} GG UG -G
U SH} UG G H GH } G G
H
U Gx x J G :

} : H

! } G} Gv} U G H }
G } G H UG } ! G-G} Gx H J

: H G U U M UG G H J

GH xG} }
UGG
}xGUG

GG S GG GH
SH (GG S GG GH

13

HH }U} 1428 .

}HS H }H G} ( SH}) G }
U J

}H } ( SH}) H U S}H GG }
U U , } x U x U} }H
} U ( GG }v, -}H) }GHG GU} U U} J
G : }H } ( SH}) }U--H }
Hv , HGU U }S U },
G, G}, x J
MO. 09374031409 E-mail : maktabahind@gmail.com
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

SH GUG G-- } U SG

GG S GG
GH

U
}HS H }H G}
( SH})
}- H

}U--H } G}
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

} U

GG S GG GH

}HS H }H G}

( }- H)

S GG :

12

H }GGG} . 1432 . }GGU

15

H . 2011 G.

}U--H } G}

SGU }

G : 15 GSS 1432 .

GH : 169

SGU U U U
GG S GG GH
(}yGG }U--H }) }HS zG U
SH U S G S U U U x J }HS
S GGU, UG G, wGHGU, GUvG }SH
G- G xG U GH S }vG | }H-GG U H
, H U}Gx U U xG-HG U G}} }HS
J
}HS zG U SH ( SH})
20-03-2011
E-mail : ilmia26@dawateislami.net

}- : US U U U G
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

}- H U SSH GUG SG U} U GMGU

U S S S SH U G U 14
GU} }SGGU

}} U U G}H J

}- UH :

1...... xG U U | G-}H G U }H J
2...... G, | G J
1 G} 2 SH 3 GG 4

S} S xGG UMx (S SGUG G-

G G H S G}H x) 5 GH SG

U G 6 GUH M }G-HG UMx 7 GU

8 G }-U U G UMx 9
H U } U x

10

U U S} }U x

Gx

11 -G }SH Sx 12 x U S}

G-H} S Hx 13 S SG G}H U U UMx

14 U xG } -G xG-HG }H U G

G }GHG UMx (}SGU xG U U U

xGHG SGU G GS }GU )
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

GU
H }H G} U GLGU

S GG

U GU

30

H S G H

S GG

U GUGH

32

M GU U GUGH

S H

S U GU

GS

33

GU U GLGU

13

34

} S

13

U G G

35

G }U

13

G }SGGU S GHGU

35

} U} S

14

36

} U GGU

15

G |

37

} US ?

15

S GU G

38

} U S

17

}H U S G |

39

GGUGU

19

41

21

GU H

42

22

G U S S G }xG

44

U vGG

23

G U H

45

}G U U

23

46

SG, G U U

24

GG US

48

S GG

24

GS } GG

49

}x

26

SGU G

50

S GG U vUH

26

S GHH } G U G GS

51

|U

27

GUH U } U G

51

}xG U vUH

28

U GU S S GU }

51

S U zGG

H
S GG

U } zGG

U SG

U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

U SH}

33

S GG G H

H }H G}
G : G GGU, } H S, SH} GG
GH} }H HH }G}} S GG GU
-G G
HxG GU S U GH}x xG SS GU
SH} U U , G S G
G} G U | } G} U U GG} }S}}}
, }} } U GS wG S } U H }Gg }HS U GU} G}H } H x } U
}HS H }-H G} | SH}
U G-H} }zG U}

}}H , S

GHS G}, GGUGU G U} U G J S

U } GH :
(1)

U H GG

(2)

(3)

SHGG U

(4) }U U

(5)

zG U

(6)

U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S U
wG

S GG G H

H }-H G} U H G SU
H GG, }} H S, GG}H --U, GG}H
}, }G SH, }g }H, G} S,
}G G, GH} G, GGU, GS G --U,
GG GH} }H HG H GGUG H GU
U x } SGU U

}} G} G G

GS GG U GUG U }GGU GH SG SH SH }
U J }} SH} | SH} S G}, GGUGU
G }- U} } }}U G GU} }HS
U GGU S G H U U G | }G-HG GU}
S U | S U xG H J
H

SH} U }} }HS

}H H }H G} U x
vGGU GG GU} } G-}H G U G wGHS S
S GU} U U |H U S J } G
x} GG , H GUG } }GU H GUS
} x S GU} J

-}GH }U 1425 .
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

H S G H

GH} GS GGU }S }GM} U {

, S wGHGU S U U U GH} U
, }G}} }SGGU
GU H
}} G U U H } S GG
UG
U GUG U
S S S wHGU S S UH U S} U
H U Hx J

U U S
G } U
U }G
GGU } S zG U GU U
S U GU U S S G SG S} J
GG U}
U Gv} U }H
U GUG S U J }G SH U
}SH }G U S
} U HH, SH }SH

G U
S U GH HH
}G GUG S :
--} UGH } :
H S G
H S G J

} } SH} | ! GUG S

U G U }G GSH U H S
SH} U G U H GU U
GGUGU SH GU G } }Hx }x U S
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

S | } U S x J
}wGHGU GU } U H SG
U} U }x S S HHH GU G S
SG U}
U
}S - U }} GU G U U S
} H U U G G S J G S
U G-- } U } S U J
U S} x} : 1 GG RU SgGU 2
GG G} GUMGU 3 GG GS} xG 4 GG GHH
}G 5 GG GG GH 6 GG G
G} 7 GG GG} GGU 8 GG S
vGGUS 9 GG SG G 10 GG
G H G J
HxG GU S U GH}x xG
SS GU SH} U }- H }}
}SH} U U }v S U S S
x U U H U SSH S J }HS H
}H G} U }- H U
}- G-H}
U U U U S G
SH S SSH U U UG J H

SH} U }} }HS }H H }H G}
U 11 12 vGGU GG GU} J
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

GG S
GG
M GU U GUGH

H
U G
U
GU} GH : S } | } U G }
M U G S vG U }x U }
x H J

S U GU

SU }, GU GU S
U
G S GUH }LH }} S RU SgGU
U GUH } U U U xGG S
x J G v U U
G G } } Hx S U : S G} G S
H }GGGG S G }H} U v } U
G} U H | ? }GGGG GU x G
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

10

U H : ! } G} U H J U }H} S
G S S GU S : v U G}
} US S U G ? : U ?
H

U G

GLGU U U : GG GH }GH U G
GG GH U HwG x J U G U } }U
, G U G S G} G} (}vUH
}U}) S x, U S x Ux U G}

H G x }x U xG US S
x, } U x } GU GG J
GU GU} U U } H }
U x } GU S H G U U }vU }U}
U } H J }vU GU Hx S U U
G ? : ! }G}} GH
} } U G ,
U U GUGGU ( }LH }}
S RU

) } | H J GU}

U } GG RU
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

U G} } GG

S GG G H

11

: v U

} H

? : ! H } | U
x } GG } } U v U GGU U
J U H U S SH} U GGU }H
U J GGU v, S SgGU v
U U U S | S U }G }-SS
S U }} | J , }LH
}} S RU SgGU

GUH U

S U H U U , SG G
U x } GG S U
GGU v U S }-SS H GU
G U SU H , US U }x
U } --U S S U }S}
x S

U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

U U
G J

S GG G H

12

SH} | ! G U S G U H
GH U GU U U , GU S SH}
U } } H S GU G} S} U GG
G}, GUG }}
U}
H

S S U S }GGUG U H G U :
! } S U S }GGUG GU} J , }LH

}} S RU SgGU

S GU

SH} v GUH U S GH} S GG

G} U U J S U U SS } { U
Gv} U GG G G H U U G U
SU SS { H | U xG U S GU
U Sx | (GS} GH) J GG U U
SS } { S H x U SH} S } U H
}x U SvGHH } G GUGU v U
} SH} G G GG U S} U SS }
{ }x U H H
xG

S U }G,

U }G U S { J U

} GG GU ( S) U } S U J

U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

13

GU U GLGU
} S :
SH} | ! GG S GH} Lg
G

(}-zGGU 855 .) G S- }

U GLGU U GU} U

} GG S GG GH GS} GU }
}LH }} GG S RU
SgGU

U GG

U SSH S

| S } (U } ) }G , GUG
G }G

U }U S S }H J

G }U :
}} GU}
GH

GG S GG
U G }U H GU} U

U x SG }H SGU , GU }-SSG

} , S G U J
US GGU }G LG S }- , GS
G wG S U S U ,
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

U G

S GG G H

14

G G S H U J
G-GUH U } U GG S GG
G} G GSGU (G x U U S

GH

S UG x ) S x HS G GU} U J

} U}

S S :

GG G G}

S } U GG

S GG GH
} } U}

}} U
U } J

GG S GG GH

x J U } : 1 }G}}
2 G}(1) 3 }S 4 GU 5 S}GH 6 SGGU
7G-U 8 SGU 9 GS 10 G 11 SHG

1...... G} } zG J H GG }

S GG G

U H } G}

U H } GG }} U

H GG G} } J H U U
J U GH GH}
} | G} J
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

U GH U SH

S GG G H

15

} U GGU :
SH} | ! GG S GG
GH

U S }U S H U H

U xG U } U }
SG U}

U S J U

H U H GGU U U }
J ,
GG U, SG HHU

GU} GH U H U H GGU U S U
} S J

} US ?
SH} U G }U--H } U
}yGG

138

SGUG }}H U, H

SGUG 66 67 : H U U U }
U U GGU S U H S S H
GGU S G} | S S Hx
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

16

U U } G x S } S }HU
U
U GG H x S U GG S

S } U GG U, SG HHU, SG
zGHU
GU} : GU} U }
U } S U x HG
} U J
S GS U S Hx G GSH U
U } US GU} U (
) UzGGU U }
, S S GH v x U }S} U H
U UH } }G } UGU U } S U J
} }G- } U } U G U G}}
G}} US GU }-SH , UU, xG U S
G}} }SH G S H U S
U S } U U }G
U }G , S } S GG U J
U S} }-U SG
} U}
U} G GGG} H U}
U } } S U U GU x U
U SHGU S MG GHGU GU} x
S U S S }S} U --U S S U Gx
}- -S } x J
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

17

GG S -}

S }

U U U, }} U S, U , SG
GU} : }

G
(

) U } } J

} U S :
SH} | ! G GU U U
GUH S} }S}} S } S S U wGS
J ,
SH} U G }U--H } U
}yGG 312 SGUG }}H U, G GSS
SH SGUG 244 SLG, LGGU GG GH}
}H }zG }G}} } GH G}
GS U vGH GU} U SG }S
}, U , } U}
} GG J GG

U
S
U G}

: } v

} ? U : GG J GU} : } SH J
} SH U S U } } GG SwG U
U J U U } } , S
Hx J SG }S U , S U U
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

18

} } U SwG J
U } U }LH }} GG S
G} GUMGU G}

U wGS S : }

} v ? S : } ( v x) J
U } H : ( SHx x U H) J
GUH U } zG U S : G-GU (x } H
U S H ) J G U } S

: G (x U ) J

U GUG ? GG U, U G HG (x U H S }
{ ) } J S wGS U GLGU S U

GU} : H GH U G H U H U
GU x J wGS x GUG S U U
x Hx U S U S H } J
} : U } US S U }-GHGU }G
-G } GSH U U H SH} U G
}U--H } U }yGG 312 SGUG }}H U,
G GSS SH U }G-HG U J
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

19

GGUGU
SH} | ! GG S GG GH
U U} US SU U U
U} U S U H ? , SH} GUH U U
U G zGG } S

S GG U
H

} { S U

S U }G U}

U }

GU U H SH
| S GUH GU} H J ,
S Hx U }-GHGU H

GU} :

--} UGH } : U
} H
U }G } H
} J

U SH} GUH U U
H}G GS wGHGU U U, }G v
U G J G} S} U
{ H U }G U}
U SG U }GGU U| S U }
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

20

S SH} GUG U } G
GU U }H H U }U }U
S G SU J ,
GG S GG
GGU
GG

U G, GG SG

GU} U U GG S
GU H } GG

U S GG U : v } S U GG x ?
GU} Hx : ! }x S U S ,

U } }SH} U U , U }

U S U } S UGU }vG } }H }G
x S} } U S U v UM ? GU} ,
} GG U : | U H ,
S ( G }) vG} GU} J S GG S GG
S }H Hx } vGS} GU} U U
U } | G J GG SG GGU
GU} U } GG S GG

GG S }H U }vG }H} U S 4 H } J

U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

21

S U zGG

SH} | ! GG S GG GH
U GG | G } }H G U H
S --U S U| | GH }GM}
J ,
GU} GH :
--} UGH } : U
H U GUG GS H
S U H x G
H x U U J

SLH GUGH GG GH} }H }G}} G}g

}

GGH GGU } S

}-U U G GU} : G } G U U GUG S

GU} U}H HyGGU U} S U
U }H S U GG GU} GGUGU }HU
S U GG S }G }U }x GUG S
GU} } H U }G U S GG GUG H
yG} U S U }H GG S U S
U }SGGU S G } G U H U yG}
U S GUGU U G H GU x
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

22

G x J

S GG

U } zGG

SH} | ! G } H G
xG GG G } S U GGU ,
G GU } | GGU U S S U }H
H GG U GU U G } S
}H G S U GG S
GU} : GH} U }HU }wG, }vU
}- SU

GU} : S-GU }H

} U} U J
GG S GG GH
x

S U S U GGUGU zGG

GU G } }Hx }x } |
S U --U S }GM} J ,
} U GG S GG
} U G } S G J

U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

U }

S GG G H

23

U vGG
SH} | ! Hx G G
U } x} U G } } GU U U
vGG , S |x vG SGU G
U H G U } }xGH J U
GS wGHGU U U

S S S S U

} x

GU} :

SGU H S G H S S S J GG
U x : SGU H H U ? GU} : }GU
G x }S} U H } (G ) GU}
xGG GS J GG U x : S U ? GU} :
S zG U G S }G J

}G U U :
SH} | ! H

U }G U

H HG} U S xG J S U GG
G}

U GU} GH :

} H

U }G S xG

J
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

24

SG, G U U :
G GH }vU

GU} U S

xG U H S S H SG U G v
U SG S xG SU S
} }G H

U }G | SU J

S GG

U SG

SH} | ! GG S GG
GH

U } | H

U S }

Gx } } U U U
U| | S S H Hx U} S }G
U U H

U G GSH U U H G

} G U J ,
U

U G} S H }

} GUwG U }H G U S U
U S x S
U SG
J
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

U
S }H vGS} GU}

25

S GG G H

S GG }} }Sg }G}} G} G-
(}-zGGU 748 .) SL H}-H }

GU} U U GG S GG GH
U U vG GG } S S H } }SH
x J G }G} GG U :
U v ? GU} U } GURU } x
U S U H

U x } G U

xG , } S GU }H U }-x } S U
x } US GG x ? }- S U }HU
U G G S GG U : S } U
v ? S U v |H ? SG
H U S }H } vGS} U U GU}
H S vG G yG} U S

U x }

GG J U wG G U S U
U H G S S x GU} :
GUG U U U J
SH} | ! H U U U
U U U }LH }} GG S
RU SgGU
S- }} US}
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

U U U GG
J ,

S GG G H

26

SG GG S GG GH
} S } S }H vGS} U
MG U S } S U GSS }LH }} GG
S GHH }G

U G} } | | J

U U G }G} GG GG U :
}G}} ! v S }H } H U | U GSS ?
GU} : U x , H GU x
S H H J GU} U GU }H U GS
U SGU U G } x J

}x :
GG S GUS

GU}

U } GG S GG GH

SG } } S G U US U }x
Hx } US }H J

S GG

U vUH

GG S GG GH
G, GG SG GGU
GG S GG
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

U
U U

U U H }

S GG G H

27

G } S-GU U S
H }S SU v U

}G U
U HS S

S U }S } H J
SH} | ! ! GG S
GG

GM U H | U U

U S U S G } U GG U J ,

|U
SH} U G }U--H } U
}yGG 1548 SGUG }}H U, GUG S SGUG
806

808

G GGU, } H S,

SH} GG GH} }H HH }G}} S GG

GU

GG S x wG GH
U GH S G S U G U

}-GHGU U G wG S GU vGH GU} J ,

GG S x wG GH
GU} : } G G} G}} SGS

U U S , U Hx : U }
U H U SGS S J SGU xH } U |U
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

28

} U GwG} U U x U H H
G U U Hx, S U G S S
Un x J S S GwG} U
UG }x G U U H , }G
G U H , GU } x
U H GU U U HxG H}G S
, S x H x J H}G GS GM
U U S x } S G S J } S
S , U } LG U G
GUSG H : G} ! U HvG} U S U U U}
} GGU | GU U U J } S
GUG S }-SS U }} x S U
S U U U H

S H Hx H J

(UGUH }G }}, S. 383)

}xG U vUH
S GU U vGH U U G GGU, }
H S, SH} GG GH} }H
HH }G}} S GG GU
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

GU} :

S GG G H

29

} } SH} | ! ! |U
U S S U U |U U U
}SH GU} U U H

U GG S S U

G S SG U, U U HvG} U S U U U}
} U U GU U J }x ! U
} S G}H }S} U HvG} U S v Ux S
G S U } S | HvG} H U U
HvG} U GG G GU GUyH xG x U S U J
xGG } U U U UG U GG
GUS U U J U : SGU G MG S
xGG U GG U :

(1)

(} S xx) S

(2)

(3) J U GH U | G S vG U H
U , }xG U vUH x, S U
U H U U U H U U
U S U H , S H

U}H

|S U | H S Hx |
Hx J HyGGU U U S U H U G} |
S S H J H

U U U vUH

}SH J vUH U U GU | U SGU

H

U G |S U U Hx U S
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

30

S S }S J
SH} | ! } H S,
SH} GG GH} }H HH }G}} S GG
GU

U vGH U S GU S U G

U x S S }H} U GG S GG
vUH U H }GU} GUG ,

GH
U

S U S U

G U H U | U J

S GG

U GU

GG S GG GH

SGU U S SU }, GU GU S
U G GU S

U H GUG, H

HG U HGU GG J ,
GG S GG GH

U U xGG G U }vU }- SU
} GGH G, xGG G } GGH
GUG xGG G } GGH U GU S
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

31

GU} J
SH} | ! GG S }} GGU
}

(}-zGGU

1031

.) GUGH GU G

}GSSxG } GU} U }G , GUG G }G

U
U
y......

U GU S G
U US S SG U J }-SH

S H U G}

S GU} GU-GU } vGS} GU} J

y...... U

S US SH

U GU (S }) S } GG GU} J
y ......

S- G SgGU

SH }} H } }
U G} } S G

} | U J
y...... U

U H } vGS}

GU} GH U S

U S

}S HS S U }G U H GU H J

U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

32

S GG

U GUGH

G } }GU } GG S GG
U GLGU U U x :

GH
y......

SG U}

U } S10 U
} U U ,
} U

SG G
G G J
y......

8 zG } S U

S S H SH} GUH U J
y......

U } 5 SG U}

} }LH }} GG S RU
SgGU U }S} J
y......

Gx S } S

U GHGU U } }LH }} GG S
G} GUMGU
y......

U x }HS U U J
G S SG U}

U S }vU }- }SGGU
vG U G J
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

} S
G

S GG G H

33

S H

U SH} :

}} GU }G G-
310

(}-zGGU

.) }LH }} GG S G} GUMGU

S U U U SH U},
}

U U U x x }
U GU} S : } U LS

Ux, S U H U J GG S GG
GH

GU x G U SG

} U H J S GH}, }SS}
S GU} : GG ! H } SH}
U U U } GU} U H U } U S
x U S x J

GS :
SH} | ! S S }H} U S10
SG U}

U U G G x GG

S GG GH
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

U } |

S GG G H

34

G-- } } }x G G U
|

U }G --U GSH U U

}UG G }H

U| S J

S }G G} }H U
, } U

U }
U GS

}H x J ,
}LH }} GG S GHH }G
GU} U } U S H
}G, xG

U GU} S

U GG G (

) } } GS x J

x :
xGG G U U , SG G
G J
U ^ G U GU}
(G U S) G } }vGGU ,

G G S G G G H
U U ^ GU GU}
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

35

x J GU} U S vG }

GU} S U GG U H () x J

U wG G :
GG GH

U } SU }, GU GU S

GU} S U G} H U US U
U G GG GH U H J

G }SGGU S GHGU :
SH} | ! }} GU }G G-
(}-zGGU

310

.)

GRU U U GG

S GG GH

U GS wGHGU U

U, }G v

U G S U

GS GHGU U
}} GG S- G G
GG S- G} G
H

}}H
U
S U

U }G, xG

U UU S }} GH }GH U
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

36

SG G J

S H } HxG , G } HH G -H}
U U G v }
}vU GU

S }

} U wG SGU { J S vG GG S
GG GH

U xGG S }U }

x J ,

}GU} G S

} GU S } GG S GG
| }H x J

U UG U HG

G} GH}, }SS}

}LH

}} GG S RU SgGU

U G}

} } HS U GG U : H }
U } U G } J
SU }

H } U G U

vHGU S U H SGU G U GG
S GG
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

}vU U H G J

S GG G H

37

}vU }U}

GM

U} S GUxG GSH U U GS wGHGU U U, }G

v

U GGU U S S }LH

}} S SgGU v

U H G

U S H } }
}H

U GS

U x US } J

wG |
GG S GG GH GG S
G H G}

SH} GUH U

| x x GG U}, GUG}
S GUH }vU }U} }
U | | S }G U } S
U } } } S G H}
GG S GG GH
GG S S
GU} GU} J
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

U } }G

S GG G H

38

S GU G

} GU U Gx }vU }U} S UGU }wGHGU

J } GU U GvS }vU }U} } SH} H}
G}H U } H U }-GU J HG
} GU U }S} S U SS H U
UzGGU }vU U | | } U
H U GU wG } H U x J SU }, GU
GU S
}vU }U} } S U }
} U Gv} } } } UzGUG yG
U xG U U }GUH U U Gv} x J
SH} | ! }vU }U} U SG
}UH G } SG U}
S U } }
U| U SvGHH } GUGU U
SwG }G U } U wGx U GS J S U

US G SG U} U S GUH U U xG
H v wG U :
}GHGU S GGU
H G U H

GG S GG GH
U }
S SG U}
}
} { S U G } GU U U G U J
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

39

Hx H}G S U }G U U U Gv}
S G}H } SGU H J U GvGGU
GH U } H H }U xGG }
GG S GG GH
SU v U }vU }- }SGGU
H } }SMGU J S U
xGG U Gy} U GU

U
U Gv}
U }H

xG} } GSS GG GU} U S U | J

,

}H U S G | :

G-GUH U } U SU }vU }U}, S

} }
U }H} U
H }vU U U GUGUH U xGG S }U } x
S U S U vG GU
S GUH GG S GG
GG S SG G
U SS U H
GU} GG }GU} G S GUGUH U G
} , G U G U H U S S x G
U x U U H H G }x
U }H} U HG
U S H SG U} U H
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

40

U x J { GUGUH H U }S} U G}H U

}-GHGU }H} H }vU U } U H
U SGH S wG U U G G S SGU
U }vU J GG S GG GH
GG S SG G
} U

U SU },
U -x U G} J

} } U }H} GU
U GGU H
G

U x }
xGG U G} U S GU H

J
GH} GH GUG
463

(}-zGGU

.) H SG GU }-GUH SG } U

GRU U U GG S GG GH
x } GG U GG U : v
xGG } GSH H }H xG} S GSS }Hx ?
SU }, } U

U}H

zGUG GU} GU} : ! } GM GSS }Hx J

SG U }H H

S U } GG U, U } U v x ?
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

41

GU} : } | }Hx J

G G S G G G H
xGG } U U SU HG
xGG G U H } S S } S
S U U U S x J ,
}}H }} GG S- G SgGU GU}
U }LH }} GG S RU SgGU U
xGG G U S Hx GU} U
GG S GG GH

U J

GU} U } (zG zG U GH} }) S S H GG

U GGU }-

U, SG HHU

} U U wGS G } S
U GGUG U , } H } U G
U GG S GG GH
GUG S GG

J } S vG

S S G U }G U SU }, } U
, }vU }- SU

U GGUG

S } S U H } GU} U GU J
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

42

GU H :
xGG G U }GUG }S} GS wGHGU
U U, }G v

U U

zG H U x S US H x J U
} U S GH} } S S | H
U }G, xG

U x SS

H U GG G

} SH} U xG S }GGUG U H U
G U , S } x S
U } J } GG S GG GH
J
U , SG G
SG U} U } G U G U U GU}
, }U U }H} GU S GGU G}H
U J S }

GU} U } SH} U U Ux ? U } S
S S GG GH
SHH

GG U :
! } U J }x

G GU} U

| } vG J , U S x G U
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

43

UzGGU U GU} U U U U U U
G G U }GGUG }x
x J S GG U U U U }} S SG
GU U } GU U
S GG GH
J

U GH U GU

UzGGU U }G x G

U H

U G S UzGGU

S G}H U U U { x J G U
UzGGU yG U }G}} } U} U U
G |x G J
U }

G GU} U UzGGU

U S G}H } U wGS SH

U } x U S U S
} H x vHGU U g S } S G UH
x }
U ! } S}H U H

GU} :
U GRU U

GU } H Hx } S
S} } G U H J

U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

44

G U S S G }xG :

}LH }} GG S RU SgGU
GU} U xGG G } } GG S
U GGU }- }

GG GH

U }G , GUG G }G
U GGUG U U S} yG S S G G
GwG} U xH | U U J
SH} | ! } } GU, }vU }-
U } } } } }G

}SGGU

U S US | } , U S SG
U GG SH U }G U
U GU G x J
, S U
GGU U GGU

H GG, }} H S, }g }H,
}G SH, } H G } G G
GGU wG } G GGU U G
U GU} :
UM } GU, S U GU
S | |, UM v UG
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

G U H :

45

SH} | ! SG U}
US S xGG } U }GUG }H SU
G U H U x S GH},
}SS}
GU U U SG }H
S GU} x HG x U U J
G U H } }LH }} GG S GS} xG,
S GG GH, SG G, S } G}G
S }SG G}
xG | J ,
H
U S G U S GG
GU} :
--} UG H } :
}S} } U }
S U G H
S U } U
} U U U
G H J
SH} | ! S }-U } Hx
U } U S U
S } S- GG S } G}G GG
}
S }SG G}
} S GU} S HG G U x
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

46

U G U H S } }LH }} GG
S GS} xG GG S GG

}}H }} GG S- G SgGU
GU} U U } } }
SG

U U, }} U S
U}

U S G } GU GU} , S

GG GG GH

U }G,

U G} } GG

xG

GU} : US S G wGS
U } U U GG
U H J

S :

}G GU } U SG U}

U () S U x - U S
U} GvGGU x U GG G}, GUG }}
S SG U}

U }

U } GU U} } U G
(}) U J
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

47

( SH} | !) SG U}
GG U}, GUG}

U GGG

G-G} U S G}} G SH U S U
U U U SH U U S U
SH U U U J ,
S SU }, GU GU S
S G U H SG U}
U }-GHGU SzGS U

U , S SH U }x
U J GG S GG
GH

U U S S }, }

}S U G S GH J S vG } SG x U
HS , }, G U G U
S

} zG GU} :

U S G U H U }-GHGU ?
GU GG U : SHH
} J
GH

(GG S GG
U GGU U) GU} :

Hx } S G (}) U U J

U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

48

GG US
GG S GG GH

} Hx U }G G J SH} U
Hx U GGU }- GU} : } x G
S H } S G H |H x v } } }G G
G ? S GG U : ! } S G GG
U, SG HHU

U G (S)

U vG } }G G U U S}x ?
GU} : } SU }, } U

U GU} S U wGS

US GU} U }} S S U S U
}G G G J
SH} | ! SG U}
U GG US GU ! GG S GG
GH

S H GU} U

U Hx U G U G U GG
zG GU} U US U } }G G G
? | US SU U S U }G ,
GUG G }G

U G G

Hx S U vG U S} J
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

49

SH} | ! SG U}
vG G x U H }GU} GUG }
U U U S U GHGU U U} U J
U Gx GU S U G
} SGU U S } H }UH U U
U J ,

GS } GG

G SG U}

GS

U GU S U G G U GG
G Gx U S GG SU GH}
U S U G U S } H
U U G U }}H Hx U S G}H U
xG H U J S SG U}

GS

U } G }GG }GG S S U U } U
U} J x G U U
GUG S

U U|

U J ,
SH } GG S }HU
GU} U U x } xG-HG U } GM
GS U J

U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

50

SH} | ! GG S GG
U } | HHH GU SG

GH
U}

} U} GS U

J ,
GG GH} Lg G
855

.)

(}-zGGU

U }-GHGU G }

GU} U GG S GG GH

UH GS 38 GS }-U } } S GS
G GU } }SH} GU } J

SGU G
x }H U x }H wG S. 36 . (G
}G) } GU}

U x } U

} S S wG U x GG U x, S U } U
x UH x G US S wG Hx J
S

GU} : S U S G

U } S U } S U

S }GUg U x J S U S 60 64 SH U G} }
S G GU} U G U G SH } S J
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

51

S GHH }G

U G GS :

}LH }} GG S GHH }G
U GG S GG GH

U G }H GU

-S GU U S

GU H, S S U GG S GG GH
U S x

G }U S x xG SGU U U | G }
GU} : U ! S S SH H } S
S H J

GUH U } U G :
G-GU S } U GG S GG
GH

U GUH }LH }} GG

S GHH }G

U G} } GG

U G GH U

Hx

S GU} : S } U G J

U GU S S GU } :
SH} U G }U--H } U
}yGG 346 SGUG }}H U, U} SG SGUG
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

118

52

120 U U

U S

U GU zG U x }x S }GU}
U GU GU } S H GU }U U|
U wGS U

U| } J

}- wG } U GU H U Gv} J
S wGS GG GH GS
S wG U

S G

} } U SG

U }U G U S } GU

GG GG

U }GUgS H U GU

} S UH U S GU } zG U J UGU }g xG U

U }GUgS S} SH} UH

G J
SH} | ! GUG GRU U U
GH GS GG GH} GH }SGGU G}
GU} U xG GU} U U GU }
U }g xG U U H U H
G GG }
SH }

GSS GG
U }GUgS S} U GU

U }^ |H US GG G U SU ? U
GG

GU} :
U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

( H

53

G} } U}

S} U G} GU} )

S GG S S S }SH | G
U - U} HG} G U S GU
} G v U x G GU } | S
U v vHGU ? S GG S S | }H}
U - U} wG } U G U GH
U
UGU S }GHG U v U H
GU GG GU} U wG } GU S
UH U G S }HGU xzG-x U SU J
xG GU} U U GH U
S} G U U GG } U}
GS U GG SH }
U S} G U SGU U wG
vG U v GH} x J
(U} SG, S. 118 120)
H
U G} U SGU }
}xGGU J
U SGU US S
U U } G} G}
U vU S LG U
H SG S U }SGU wG

(GGU )

U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

54

} , }x } v ?
SzG G S G H U } US ?
G S U xG H } S G US ?
} U U S S US ?
} G U U S S Hx US ?
} , }x } v ?

} G

G U !

}G U G U S G U } U, v G S | U
U S U , |, } | U
G - } U |, H |, G U | U
U G } S } | U !

U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

S GG G H

U : }HS H }-H G} ( SH})

55