Nhng vn cn gii p khi s dng bnh gas, bp gas

"L mt k s trong lnh vc LPG - gas ha lng, ti rt au lng khi c nhng thng tin tai nn n hi gas sp nh sng nay. Ti mong mun gi ti ngi tiu dng nhng thng tin c bn nht s dng gas an ton, hiu qu, cng nh cch x l cc tnh hung tnh hung khn cp", c gi Nguyn Khc Tr chia s cng bn c VnExpress.
1. Bnh gas c th gy n khng? - Bnh gas khng th gy n v tt c cc bnh u c van an ton hot ng t ng 26 kg/cm2. Khi nhit bn ngoi tng cao (v d: ho hon) p sut gas trong bnh tng dn n 26 kg/cm2 p sut gas trong bnh thng lc p l xo ca van an ton dn n m x pp ca van an ton, hi gas x ra ngoi lm gim p sut v nhit trong bnh v gas thot ra khi v bnh vi lu lng ln s thu nhit lm lnh gas lng trong bnh. ng nhin hi gas thot ra ngoi bt la s chy nhng ch chy cc b trong khi ang xy ra ho hon ch khng gy n, ph hu cc cng trnh kin trc. 2. Khi mua bnh gas lm sao c th bit c lng gas trong bnh 12 kg, 13 kg hay 48 kg? - Bnh gas sau khi np khi lng gas s c nim phong bng con nim nha, mng co.Tuy nhin khch hng c th kim tra khi lng gas trong bnh bng cch cn tng khi lng v bnh v gas sau tr i khi lng v c ghi ni trn thnh bnh sau ch T.W. 3. Lm sao c th bit bnh ht gas? Ti sao khng lp ng h o p sut nh cc bnh p lc cha kh khc (chai oxygen, acetylen ...) - y chnh l vn m khch hng rt hay t ra. Gas( chnh xc l LPG) trong bnh tn ti trng thi bo ho, do vy p sut hi bo ho(tnh cht tng t nh hi nc bo ho) ch ph thuc vo nhit ca LPG m khng ph thuc vo lng LPG trong bnh. Nu lp p k s cho thy s bin i p sut hi bo ho theo nhit ch khng th hin lng LPG trong bnh. y l mt c tnh c bit ca kh t ho lng LPG khc vi cc kh khng ho lng khc. Khi x kh nn(oxygen, acetylen...) t bnh cha p lc ra ngoi, mt phn t kh gim dn dn n p sut trong bnh cng gim dn theo mt t l nht nh, do p k th hin lng kh nn cn li trong bnh. p k bnh LPG ch c ngha khi gas lng (pha lng) ho hi ht v bnh LPG tr thnh bnh cha kh nn nh cc loi kh nn khc nhng khng cn gas lng th lng hi gas s b tiu th trong thi gian rt ngn (vi pht). Do , p k cho bnh LPG khng mang ngha th hin lng LPG c cha trong bnh cng nh d bo sp ht gas nn a s van iu p v bnh gas khng lp ng h p sut. Thng thng khi sp ht bnh, ngn la thng v bt bp nhiu ln vn khng chy th ht gas. Khch hng cng c th cn kim tra nh phn tr li cu hi 2. hoc theo di mc tiu th trung bnh hng thng c th tnh trc ngy ht gas.

4. Gas v sn phm chy ca gas c c khng? - Gas hon ton khng gy c i vi ngi s dng cng nh i vi mi trng. Khi b t chy, gas lun chy ht k c trong trng hp chy c ngn la . Sn phm chy ch to ra dioxit cacbon (CO2) v hi nc- nhng thnh phn khc hon ton khng c hi. Vn nguy him ch xy ra khi dng bp gas, bnh gas trong phng kn. Nu do s sut gas r r ra ngoi hi gas s lan truyn, dng t di ln trn (v nng hn khng kh), chon ch, y dn khng kh ra ngoi, gy ngt. Cng tng t, kh CO2 sinh ra sau khi gas chy trong phng kn, nu khng thng gi thch hp s tch lu dn, lm gim nng oxy trong khng kh. Do cn tun th nghim ngt cc quy nh i vi ngi s dng. 5. Ti sao c hin tng ngng hi nc bn ngoi v bnh gas (hin tng m hi)? Ti sao phi s dng iu p v khi hot ng iu p c ting ku nh.? - Khi s dng thit b gas, qu trnh chuyn pha gas lng thnh gas hi trong bnh xy ra tng t nh un nc si, ch khc nhau ch b mt hp thu nhit ca gas lng l tan b phn tip xc vi v bnh (b mt t). Nu thit b tiu th gas vi lu lng ln i hi qu trnh chuyn pha lng thnh hi nhanh hn m nhit lng bn ngoi v bnh cha cung cp th gas lng s ly nhit ca v bnh bay hi. V bnh b lm lnh, lm ngng t hi m ca khng kh bn ngoi. iu p c chc nng gim p sut ca gas trong bnh (khong 6 kg/cm2) xung 0,03 kg/cm2 m bo an ton khi s dng bp v tt c cc thit b dng gas dn dng u c thit k cho p sut cp gas l 11 inch ct nc (0,03kg/cm2). iu p cn t ng n nh lu lng hi gas vo cc thit b tiu th bnh gas y hay vi. Lng gas cn t hay nhiu trong bnh khng lm thay i p sut m ch nh hng n tc bay hi chuyn ho t gas lng thnh gas hi v b mt t ca bnh cha nhiu gas ln hn b mt t ca bnh cha t gas nn hp th nhit lng bn ngoi d dng hn. iu p hot ng t ng ng m s lm rung ng mng cao su bn trong dn n hin tng pht ting ku nh. 6. Hiu qu kinh t s dng Gas so v cc ngun nng lng khc? - cng cung cp mt n v nhit lng, 1 kg LPG tng ng 14 KWh in nng, 2 lt du ho, 3-4 kg than. Bn cnh cn c nhiu c tnh u vit nh: cn t khng gian cho tn cha, nhit lng cao, iu chnh ngn la d dng, an ton, khng gy nhim mi trng.... LPG khng nhng c dng cho un bp m cn c dng rng ri trong cng nghip nh: hn ct kim loi, ch bin sn phm thu tinh, cung cp nhit cho l nung gm, s, thu sn, sy ch, thuc l..., nhin liu cho ng c thay xng.... 7. Ti sao s dng bnh gas du lch ti cc dch v i lon gas rt nguy him? - S dng bnh gas du lch np li l mi nguy c gy chy n cao nht trong vic s dng gas dn dng bi cc nguyn nhn sau: Tt c cc loi gas np bnh dn dng (loi bnh 12 kg, 13kg) Vit Nam u l hn hp Butane v Propane vi t l khc nhau. Trong iu kin bnh thng, p sut gas trong bnh dn dng l 6,5 kg/cm2 cn bnh gas du lch c sn xut ch cha 100% gas butane thp p, p sut ln nht iu kin bnh thng l 2,5 kg/cm2. Vic chit np gas cao p vo bnh ch chu c p sut thp (v rt mng) dn n bin dng v n, gy ra m chy.

Mt nguyn nhn dn n nguy c chy n l cng ngh np bnh th cng nn d np qu khi lng cho php ca bnh (85% th tch). Khi nhit mi trng tng cao, gas lng gin n nhit, c bit nguy him nu bnh b np y gas lng khng c khng gian gas hi, p sut thy lc s ph v v bnh. Bnh gas du lch c nh sn xut ngh ch dng mt ln (trn nhn hng ha) do khng th kim sat cht lng v c lu thng trn th trng. Loi bnh ny phn tn rng ng thi vic chit np tri php din ra trong khu dn c nn tim n nguy c chy n rt cao. Bnh gas du lch np li l 1 in hnh r rt v bnh gas khng m bo cht lng nhng v li nhun nhiu c s t chc sang np tri php rt nguy him cho ngi tiu dng. 8. Ti sao bt nm nh la bp khng chy? - Bt nm nh la bp khng bt la chy do nhiu nguyn nhn, thng thng l mt trong cc nguyn nhn sau: C th khng kh trong ng dn gas cha b ui ra ht nn bp khng chy ngay. Cn lp li thao tc nh la (thng xy ra vi bp nh la gin on bng gm p in, khng xy ra vi bp nh la lin tc bng pin). Khng sinh tia la in ti u nh la do dy dn cao p khng cch in vi v bp, tia la in phng ngay ti ni tip xc vi v bp hoc ch dy dn h gn v bp nht. Khc phc bng cch dng bng keo bc kn dy dn b phn nh la v t cch xa cc chi tit kim loi ca bp. Hin tng ny rt hay xy ra trong nhng ngy c m cao (tri nm), hi m bm trn dy dn, chi tit bp lm r in khi nh la khi cn sy kh v bc cch in cc chi tit ny. Ngi s dng cn c bit lu : khi nh la bp nu khng chy th cn ch 30 giy hi gas thot ra t bp c phn tn ht mi bt bp nh la li Nu bt nh la lin tc v ko di khi bp bt chy s bng ngn la ln, gy nguy him. 9. Ti sao ngn la ? Cch khc phc? - Ngn la chy do nhiu nguyn nhn: Chi tit mm ng trn bp khi tip xc vi ngn la b bn, do vy cn phi tho ra v nh sch bng bn chi. C nc chi tit ng hoc y dng un nu, vi trng hp ny ngn la s t xanh li sau vi pht. T l khng kh qu thp, cn iu chnh li t l gas v khng kh bng cch xoay hoc gt cnh iu chnh khng kh pha di van bp (nu c) n khi ngn la xanh nht. 10. Bp c nhng b phn an ton g? - Hin nay cc bp gas thng c 2 loi r le an ton.

+ R le an ton khi mt la: Khi bp b tt la t ngt nh gi thi, tro nc... nhit gim nhanh, cp lng kim pin nhit in ngay lp tc ng van gas li v khng cho gas x that ra ngoi. + R le an ton khi qu nhit: Do s xut, ngn la un cn cht lng ang si (nc, du, m) khin nhit tng cao, n 2600 u cm bin tip xc vi y dng c un nu s iu khin van gas lm tt ngn la. 11. Mt bnh gas v h thng gas gia nh m bo an ton cn p ng cc tiu ch g? - H thng gas gia nh cn phi p ng cc yu cu: - Bnh gas phi cn hn kim nh, hnh thc nguyn vn khng mp mo, han g nhiu - Khi mua mi, bnh gas phi c np ng khi lng (12kg hoc 13 kg), khng tha hoc thiu qu 0,1kg. - Ph kin phi chuyn dng cho gas: bao gm dy dn c hn thi gian s dng, iu p hot ng tt, Mi ni gia bp gas, cc ph kin, bp phi kn tuyt i. - Nh cung cp, ca hng, i l phi chuyn nghip, c o to, c a ch r rng, c kin thc kim tra bo dng h thng gas dn dng, t vn s dng gas hiu qu v an tan cho khch hng. 12. Lm th no nhn bit c bnh gas tht ? - Cc c im nhn bit c bnh gas tht: a. Tn ch s hu bnh gas c dp ni trn quai bnh, vai xung quanh van bnh. Lolo c dn hoc sn trn thn bnh, c nhn hng ha theo quy nh ca B Thng mi. b. Gas c np ng khi lng c. Cc hng c nhiu loi nim phong van khc nhau: mng co, tem pht sng... Petrolimex Gas s dng nim nha v mng co c s series c bit m ha, kiu dng ng k bo h s hu cng nghip. Ngi tiu dng ngi nn kim tra nim bnh nguyn vn trc khi nhn bnh gas, sau ph nim, lu gi li nim cho ti ln i bnh tip theo, lp iu p vo bnh s dng. d. Bnh gas tht c cung cp t cc ca hng c a ch r rng, c iu kin kinh doanh gas theo Thng t s 15/1999 ca B Thng mi. 13. Bnh gas gi, nhi nhn mc v cnh bo v hin tng tro bnh gas ca mt s c s t nhn - Hin tng lm hng gi nh hng n quyn li ngi tiu dng v hng kinh doanh chn chnh, gy mt an ton chy n trong khu dn c, cnh tranh khng lnh mnh lm ri lon th trng gas . Cc c im ca bnh gas gi l: a. Bnh gi thng gi danh cng ty ln, c qung co bng t ri cht lng km pht ti tn cc h gia nh, giao bnh gas qua in thoi, khng c a ch r rng, nhn vin thng t nhn bo dng bp nhm mc ch dn s in thoi mi hoc thng bo c s c chuyn sang s in thoi mi, ngh i iu p tro i loi bnh gas...

b. Bnh ng np thiu khi lng gas. c. Bnh gas khng c nim, nim b ph hoc dng nim gi. d. Cc c s t nhn thng sn mu bnh ging cc hng ln tro i bnh: chim ot chnh lch tin cc v ca ngi tiu dng. C trng hp ct quai bnh (c dp tn hng cung cp) hn quai mi xa tn. 14. Ngi tiu dng cn phi ch g s dng gas an ton? 1. Khi lp t bnh mi hoc thay bnh phi ch : + Ch nhn bnh gas t cc c s c a ch kinh doanh r rng, khng cho php nhn vin tip th vo nh bo dng bp gas. C cc s in thoi ca chnh hng kim tra li i l, ca hng. + Ch s dng cc ph kin iu p, ng mm chuyn dng cho gas c cung cp t cc hng ln, c uy tn, ng mm dn gas c in ch s dng cho LPG. + Kim tra bnh gas em n c cng loi vi bnh ang s dng khng: Kim tra mu sn, kiu van bnh, logo, c bit l tn Hng cung cp gas dp trn quai hoc vai bnh. + Cn kim tra khi lng gas trong bnh bng cch cn c bnh v tr i khi lng v bnh (s sau ch T.W. trn quai bnh), c th yu cu c s bn hng em cn khi giao bnh. + Kim tra tnh nguyn vn ca nim, nim c ng nt sc so, s series in phun, bc nim v lu gi li nim cho ti ln i bnh tip theo. + Sau khi lp iu p, yu cu nhn vin bn hng kim tra r r mi ni iu p v van bnh bng pht hin mi hoc nc x phng (sau lau sch). 2. Khi s dng bnh v bp: + Thng xuyn kim tra tnh trng ca iu p, ng dn: xem c b rch, gp, lo ha do du m...thay th lun trong trng thi tt. + Khi khng dng bp lun tt theo trnh t : kha van bnh gas v ng van ca bp gas (xoay nm hoc nhn phm tt trn bp). + Cc v n gas xy ra do gas r r t mi ni khng kn gia iu p vi van bnh, thng ng mm dn gas, qua m khng kha van bnh, van bp dn n gas r r ra ngai. Khi gp mi la hoc tia la in gy ra v chy n. Cn phi thng kim tra kn cc ph kin bng nc x phng v hng ngy kha van bnh gas trc khi i ng. 3. Tuyt i khng s dng bnh gas du lch np li 4. Cc hnh ng khn cp khi pht hin mi gas: + Khng bt tt cc thit b in, khng bt cc ngun la nh: bp gas, bt la... + ng van bnh gas hoc tho iu p i vi van bnh t ng.

+ Cnh gii v thng bo cho nhiu ngi bit ngn nga hi gas tip xc vi ngun la, tia la in. + M ca thng thong t nhin khu vc r gas hi gas phn tn (khng dng qut in v qut thng gi chy in). + Vi ch r nh cn tm ngay v tr r bng nc x phng v c bin php hn ch lng gas that ra ngoi (VD: dng dy cao su cun cht, dng keo, x phng bt ch r...) + Gi in bo ngay cho c s cung cp gas c gii php x l ton din, m bo an ton. - Nu c iu kin, ngi tiu dng nn s dng my bo r gas loi nh cho gia nh, lp trong hc t bp gn bnh gas v ph kin , cch nn nh 25cm. 5. Cc hnh ng khn cp khi xy ra chy: + Nhanh chng ct ngun gas bng cch: ng van bnh gas, van bp gas (nm iu chnh ngn la). + Dng cc phng tin nh: bnh cu ha hoc chn t dp m chy. + Nu bnh gas b uy hip bi m chy khc th cn phi chuyn bnh n ni an ton, trong trng hp khng th vn chuyn c th phun nc lm mt. + Gi lc lng cha chy chuyn nghip. Nguyn Khc Tr