Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS.

Nguyn Hong Vit

PHN I: NGN MCH
I. CC TRNG HP NGN MCH
1. Ngn mch 3 pha
Ngn mch ba pha l ngn mch m c 3 dy pha b u ni tt vi nhau, y l trng
hp rt nguy him v cng sut ngn mch l ln nht. Dng ngn mch xut hin trong c ba
pha. Ngn mch ba pha chnh l ngn mch i xng.
Mt h thng cn bng s duy tr s i xng sau khi xy ra ngn mch ba pha, nu ba
pha c cng tng tr chm ni gia tng dy v im chung. Khi ch c dng th t thun
chy trong h thng. Khi tng tr chm Z
N
bng nhau mi pha, ta ch cn thm tng tr Z
N
cho mch tng ng Thevenin (th t thun) ca h thng ti nt s c K.
Dng ngn mch (s c) khi h thng in b s c ti nt k, c tng tr Z
N
l:

'

Na Nc
Na Nb
N kk
N
Na
I a I
I a I
Z Z
V
I
.
.
2
1
in p pha ti nt s c k:

1
1
1
]
1

kc
kb
ka
V
V
V
1
1
1
]
1

0
0
0
2. Ngn mch 2 pha khng chm t
Ngn mch hai pha khng chm t l loi ngn mch xy ra khi hai dy pha b ni tt
vi nhau. Trong trng hp ny xut hin dng ngn mch trong hai pha b chm nhau, pha
cn li khng c dng ngn mch. Khng xut hin dng chm t.
Gi s s c hai pha khng chm t xy ra vi pha B v C ti nt K qua tng tr chm
Z
N.
Ta c cc phng trnh dng ngn mch (s c) khi h thng in b s c ti nt K,
tng tr Z
N
l:
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 1
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit

'

N
kc kb
Nb
Nc Nb
Na
Z
V V
I
I I
I 0
Vi I
Na
=0

v I
Nb
= -I
Nc
thay vo ta c

1
1
1
]
1

2
1
0
Na
Na
Na
I
I
I

3
1

1
1
1

2
1
a
a
1
1
1
]
1
a
a
2
1

1
1
1
]
1

Nb
Nb
I
I
0
Do khng c ngun p th t khng v do dng I
Na0
= 0, nn khng c dng in chy
vo trong mng th t khng khi s c v in p u cc mng th t khng phi bng
khng. Nh vy vic tnh tan ngn mch hai pha khng chm t khng lin quan n mng
th t khng. Ta c

'

+ +

0 2 1
1
2 1
0
0
kk kk kk
N
Na
Na Na
Na
Z Z Z
V
I
I I
I

'

+ +

+ +

N kk kk
N
Nc
N kk kk
N
Nb
Na
Z Z Z
V
j I
Z Z Z
V
j I
I
2 1
2 1
. 3
. 3
0
in p pha ti nt s c k:

1
1
1
]
1

kc
kb
ka
V
V
V

1
1
1

a
a
2
1

1
1
1
]
1
2
1
a
a
1
1
1
]
1

2
1
0
ka
ka
ka
V
V
V
3. Ngn mch 2 pha chm t
Ngn mch hai pha chm t l loi ngn mch xy ra khi hai dy pha b ni tt vi
nhau v vi c t. Trong trng hp ny xut hin dng ngn mch trong hai pha b chm
nhau, pha cn li khng c dng ngn mch. C xut hin dng chm t.
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 2
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
Gi s s c hai pha khng chm t xy ra vi pha B v C ti nt K qua tng tr chm
Z
N.
Ta c cc phng trnh dng ngn mch (s c) khi h thng in b s c ti nt K,
tng tr Z
N
l:

'

N Nc Nb kc kb
Na
Z I I V V
I
) (
0
Do I
Na0
= 0
Suy ra
3 3
0
Nc Nb Nc Nb Na
Na
I I I I I
I
+

+ +

N Nc Nb kc kb
Z I I V V + ) (
=
N Na
Z I
0
3
in p pha A ti nt s c K:

1
1
1
]
1

2
1
0
ka
ka
ka
V
V
V

3
1

1
1
1

2
1
a
a
1
1
1
]
1
a
a
2
1

1
1
1
]
1

kc
kb
ka
V
V
V
Dng ngn mch (s c) ca cc pha

'

+ +

+ +

1 0 0 2 2 1
0 2
2
1 0 0 2 2 1
0 2
. . .
) . .( . 3
. . .
) . .( . 3
0
kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk N
Nc
kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk N
Nb
Na
Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z Z a V
j I
Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z Z a V
j I
I
4. Ngn mch 1 pha chm t
Ngn mch mt pha chm t l ngn mch xy c mt dy pha b ni tt vi t, la
s c ny xy ra rt nhiu trong h thng in nguyn nhn thng l do st nh hay do dy
dn tip xc vi t. Khi xy ra ngn mch mt pha chm t, ch c dng ngn mch trn pha
b ngn mch chm t, hai pha cn li khng c dang ngn mch. Dng ngn mch trong
trng hp ny thng rt ln
Xt trng hp ngn mch pha A chm t ti nt K ta c:

'

Na N ka
Nc Nb
I Z V
I I 0
Thay
0
Nc Nb
I I
vo cng thc ma trn tnh cc thnh phn i xng ca dng in theo
cc dng in pha:
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 3
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit

1
1
1
]
1

2
1
0
Na
Na
Na
I
I
I

3
1

1
1
1

2
1
a
a

1
1
1
]
1
a
a
2
1

1
1
1
]
1

0
0
Na
I
Suy ra
3
2 1 0
Na
Na Na Na
I
I I I
Thay vo phng trnh in ti nt K ta c:

'

0 2 2
0 1 1
0 0 0
Na kk ka
Na kk N ka
Na kk ka
I Z V
I Z V V
I Z V
Dng ngn mch khi h thng in b s c ti nt k, c tng tr chm Z
N
l:

'

+ + +


N kk kk kk
N
Na Na
Nc Nb
Z Z Z Z
V
I I
I I
. 3
3
0
2 1 0
0
in p pha ti nt s c k:
Na N Na N ka ka ka ka
I Z I Z V V V V + +
0 2 1 0
3
5. Bi tp ngn mch
Bi Tp 1:
Cho h thng nh hnh v:
Thng s cc phn t trong h thng l:
+ My pht G
1
v G
2
: 20kV; 100MVA;
% 5 %; 4 %; 20
0 2 1
"

g d
X X X X X
+ My bin p T
1
v T
2
: 20kV/345kV; 100MVA; % 8 X ; ni Y/Y, c hai MBA u
c ni t trc tip hai bn.
+ ng dy: Khi S
cb
= 100MVA; U
cb
= 345kV th X
1
= X
2
= 15%; X
0
= 50%
H thng ang vn hnh ti in p danh nh, khng c dng trc s c khi s c
xy ra ti (3).
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 4

Xg
Xg
G1
G2
T1 T2
1 2 3 4
N
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
Yu cu tnh theo hai cch: Tnh ton bng cch thu gn s (Thevenin) v Tnh
ton bng cch xy dng ma trn tng tr nt Z
nt
nh sau:
1/- Tnh dng in ngn mch 3 pha chm nhau, dng ngn mch 2 pha chm nhau,
dng ngn mch 2 pha chm t, dng ngn mch 1 pha chm t v dng chy qua cc my
pht ti nt (3), vi Z
N
= 0?
2/- Tnh in p ngn mch ti nt (3) trong cc trng hp ngn mch cu 1?
Gii:
1/- Dng ngn mch 3 pha chm nhau, dng ngn mch 2 pha chm nhau, dng
ngn mch 2 pha chm t, dng ngn mch 1 pha chm t v dng chy qua cc my
pht ti nt (3):
- Chn S
cb
= 100MVA, U
cb1
= 345kV v U
cb2
= 20kV
167 . 0
345 3
100
3
1
1

KV
MVA
U
S
I
cb
cb
cb (KA)
89 . 2
20 3
100
3
2
2

KV
MVA
U
S
I
cb
cb
cb (KA)
25 . 1190
100
345
2 2
1
1

MVA
KV
S
U
Z
cb
cb
cb
()
4
100
20
2 2
2
2

MVA
KV
S
U
Z
cb
cb
cb
()
- Cc thng s trong h n v tng i:
+ MF G
1,
G
2
:
X
1
= X
2
= j0.2 [vt]
X
0
= j0.04 [vt]
X
g
= j0.05 [vt]
=> X
g0
= 3x X
g
= 3xj0.05 = j0.15 [vt]
+ MBA T
1,
T
2
:
X
1
= X
2
= X
0
= j0.08 [vt]
+ Z L:
X
1
= X
2
= 0.15 [vt]
X
0
= j0.5 [vt]
+ V
N
= 10
0
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 5
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
1.1/- Tnh ton ngn mch ti nt (3) bng cch thu gn s (Thevenin):
S th t thun:
Tng tr tng ng Thevenin ca mng th t thun:
1696 . 0
28 . 0 43 . 0
28 . 0 43 . 0
) 2 . 0 08 . 0 ( // ) 15 . 0 08 . 0 2 . 0 (
1
j j j j Z
the

+

+ + +
[vt]
S th t nghch
Tng tr tng ng Thevenin ca mng th t nghch:
1696 . 0
28 . 0 43 . 0
28 . 0 43 . 0
) 2 . 0 08 . 0 ( // ) 15 . 0 08 . 0 2 . 0 (
2
j j j j Z
the

+

+ + +
[vt]
S th t khng
Tng tr tng ng Thevenin ca mng th t khng:
1999 . 0
27 . 0 77 . 0
27 . 0 77 . 0
) 15 . 0 04 . 0 08 . 0 ( // ) 5 . 0 08 . 0 04 . 0 15 . 0 (
0
j j j j Z
the

+

+ + + + +
[vt]
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 6
N
1 2 3 4
j0.2
j0.08 j0.15 j0.08
j0.2
V
N
V
N
j0.2
N
1 2 3 4
j0.2
j0.08 j0.15 j0.08
N
1 2 3 4
j0.04
j0.08 j0.5 j0.08
j0.15
j0.04
j0.15
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
a/- Dng ngn mch 3 pha chm nhau:
T SNM 3 pha, ta c
1696 . 0
1
j Z
the

[vt]
Dng ngn mch 3 pha chm nhau ti nt (3)
8962 . 5
1696 . 0
0 1
0
1
) 3 (
j
j Z
V
I
the
N
N

[vt]
0
1
) 3 ( 3
90 9846 . 0 167 . 0 896 . 5 kA j I I I
cb N N
(kA)
Dng in qua cc my pht G
1,
G
2
khi ngn mch 3 pha ti nt (3):
S tng ng:
0 0 3
2 1
2 3
1 ,
90 5974 . 0 90 9846 . 0
28 . 0 43 . 0
28 . 0

+

+

j j
j
I
X X
X
I
N
G G
G
G N (kA)
0 0 3
2 1
1 3
2 ,
90 389074 . 0 90 9846 . 0
28 . 0 43 . 0
43 . 0

+

+

j j
j
I
X X
X
I
N
G G
G
G N (kA)
b/- Dng ngn mch 2 pha chm nhau:
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 7
N
V
N
Zthe1
I1
N
V
N
Zthe1
I1
Zthe2
I2
N
3
j0.43 j0.28
G1
G2
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
T SNM 2 pha, ta c
1696 . 0
2 1
j Z Z
the the

[vt]
Dng ngn mch 2 pha chm nhau ti nt (3):
1063 . 5
1696 . 0 1696 . 0
0 1 3 3
0
2 1
) 2 (
j
j j Z Z
V
I
the the
N
N

+

[vt]
0
1
) 2 ( 2
90 8543 . 0 167 . 0 1063 . 5 kA j I I I
cb N N
(kA)
Dng in qua cc my pht G
1,
G
2
khi ngn mch 2 pha chm nhau ti nt (3):
S tng ng:
0 0 2
2 1
2 2
1 ,
90 3369 . 0 90 8543 . 0
28 . 0 43 . 0
28 . 0

+

+

j j
j
I
X X
X
I
N
G G
G
G N (kA)
0 0 2
2 1
1 2
2 ,
90 5174 . 0 90 8543 . 0
28 . 0 43 . 0
43 . 0

+

+

j j
j
I
X X
X
I
N
G G
G
G N (kA)
c/- Dng ngn mch 2 pha chm nhau v chm t:
T SNM 2 pha chm t, ta c:
1696 . 0
2 1
j Z Z
the the

[vt]
1999 . 0
0
j Z
the

[vt]
Dng ngn mch 2 pha chm t ti nt (3):
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 8
N
VN
Zthe1
I1
Zthe2
I2
Zthe0
I0
N
3
j0.43 j0.28
G1
G2
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
) ( ) ( ) (
) ( 3
) // (
3
0 2 0 1 2 1
0 2
0 2 1
) 0 2 (
the the the the the the
the the N
the the the
N
N
Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z Z V
Z Z Z
V
I
+ +
+

) 1999 . 0 1696 . 0 ( ) 1999 . 0 1696 . 0 ( ) 1696 . 0 1696 . 0 (
) 1999 . 0 1696 . 0 ( 0 1 3
0
) 0 2 (
j j j j j j
j j
I
N
+ +
+

6272 . 6
) 0 2 (
j I
N

[vt]
0
1
0 ) 2 ( 0 2
90 1087 . 1 167 . 0 6272 . 6

kA j I I I
cb N N
(kA)
Dng in qua cc my pht G
1,
G
2
khi ngn mch 2 pha chm t ti nt (3):
S tng ng:
0 0 0 2
2 1
2 0 2
1 ,
90 4372 . 0 90 1087 . 1
28 . 0 43 . 0
28 . 0

+

+

j j
j
I
X X
X
I
N
G G
G
G N (kA)
0 0 0 2
2 1
1 0 2
2 ,
90 67154 . 0 90 1087 . 1
28 . 0 43 . 0
43 . 0

+

+

j j
j
I
X X
X
I
N
G G
G
G N (kA)
d/- Dng ngn mch 1 pha chm t:
T SNM 1 pha chm t, ta c:
1696 . 0
2 1
j Z Z
the the

[vt]
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 9
N
V
N
Zthe1
I1
Zthe2
I2
Zthe0
I0
N
3
j0.43 j0.28
G1
G2
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
1999 . 0
0
j Z
the

[vt]
Dng ngn mch 1 pha chm t ti nt (3):
0 2 1
) 0 1 (
3
the the the
N
N
Z Z Z
V
I
+ +

1999 . 0 1696 . 0 1696 . 0

0 1 3
0
j j j + +

5648 . 5
) 0 1 (
j I
N

[vt]
0
1
0 ) 1 ( 0 1
90 9310 . 0 167 . 0 5648 . 5

kA j I I I
cb N N
(kA)
Dng in qua cc my pht G
1,
G
2
khi ngn mch 1 pha chm t ti nt (3):
S tng ng:
0 0 0 1
2 1
2 0 1
1 ,
90 3672 . 0 90 9310 . 0
28 . 0 43 . 0
28 . 0

+

+

j j
j
I
X X
X
I
N
G G
G
G N (kA)
0 0 0 1
2 1
1 0 1
2 ,
90 5638 . 0 90 9310 . 0
28 . 0 43 . 0
43 . 0

+

+

j j
j
I
X X
X
I
N
G G
G
G N (kA)
1.2/- Tnh ton ngn mch ti nt (3) bng cch dng ma trn tng tr nt Z
nt:
S th t thun:
T s th t thun ta c ma trn
[ ]
1 nut
Z
ca h thng:
Ni nt (1) vi nt gc:
[ ] [ ] 2 . 0 j Z
nut

[vt]
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 10
N
3
j0.43 j0.28
G1
G2
N
1 2 3 4
j0.2
j0.08 j0.15
j0.08
j0.2
V
N
V
N
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
Ni nt (2) vi (1):
[ ]

2 . 0
2 . 0
j Z
nut

1
]
1
28 . 0
2 . 0
[vt]
Ni nt (3) vi nt (2):
[ ]

2 . 0
2 . 0
2 . 0
j Z
nut

2 . 0
28 . 0
2 . 0

1
1
1
]
1
43 . 0
28 . 0
2 . 0
[vt]
Ni nt (4) vi nt (3):
[ ]

2 . 0
2 . 0
2 . 0
2 . 0
j Z
nutcu

28 . 0
28 . 0
28 . 0
2 . 0

43 . 0
43 . 0
28 . 0
2 . 0

1
1
1
1
]
1
51 . 0
43 . 0
28 . 0
2 . 0
[vt]
Ni nt (4) vi nt gc, ta c:
[ ]
1
1
1
1
]
1

51 . 0
43 . 0
28 . 0
2 . 0
j Z
nut
[vt]
[ ] [ ] 51 . 0 43 . 0 28 . 0 2 . 0 j Z
T
nut
[vt]
71 . 0 ) 2 . 0 51 . 0 ( j j Z
LL
+
[vt]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
T
nut nut
LL
nutcu nut
Z Z
Z
Z Z
1
1
[ ]

0563 . 0
0789 . 0
1211 . 0
1437 . 0
1
j Z
nut

0789 . 0
1104 . 0
1696 . 0
1211 . 0

1211 . 0
1696 . 0
1104 . 0
0789 . 0

1
1
1
1
]
1
1437 . 0
1211 . 0
0789 . 0
0563 . 0
[vt]
S th t nghch:
T s th t nghch ta c ma trn
[ ]
2 nut
Z
ca h thng:
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 11
j0.2
N
1 2 3 4
j0.2
j0.08
j0.15 j0.08
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
Ni nt (1) vi nt gc:
[ ] [ ] 2 . 0 j Z
nut

[vt]
Ni nt (2) vi (1):
[ ]

2 . 0
2 . 0
j Z
nut

1
]
1
28 . 0
2 . 0
[vt]
Ni nt (3) vi nt (2):
[ ]

2 . 0
2 . 0
2 . 0
j Z
nut

2 . 0
28 . 0
2 . 0

1
1
1
]
1
43 . 0
28 . 0
2 . 0
[vt]
Ni nt (4) vi nt (3):
[ ]

2 . 0
2 . 0
2 . 0
2 . 0
j Z
nutcu

28 . 0
28 . 0
28 . 0
2 . 0

43 . 0
43 . 0
28 . 0
2 . 0

1
1
1
1
]
1
51 . 0
43 . 0
28 . 0
2 . 0
[vt]
Ni nt (4) vi nt gc, ta c:
[ ]
1
1
1
1
]
1

51 . 0
43 . 0
28 . 0
2 . 0
j Z
nut
[vt]
[ ] [ ] 51 . 0 43 . 0 28 . 0 2 . 0 j Z
T
nut
[vt]
71 . 0 ) 2 . 0 51 . 0 ( j j Z
LL
+
[vt]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
T
nut nut
LL
nutcu nut
Z Z
Z
Z Z
1
2
[ ]

0563 . 0
0789 . 0
1211 . 0
1437 . 0
2
j Z
nut

0789 . 0
1104 . 0
1696 . 0
1211 . 0

1211 . 0
1696 . 0
1104 . 0
0789 . 0

1
1
1
1
]
1
1437 . 0
1211 . 0
0789 . 0
0563 . 0
[vt]
S th t khng:
T s th t khng ta c ma trn
[ ]
0 nut
Z
ca h thng:
Ni nt (1) vi nt gc:
[ ] [ ] 19 . 0 j Z
nut

[vt]
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 12
N
1 2 3 4
j0.04
j0.08 j0.5 j0.08
j0.15
j0.04
j0.15
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
Ni nt (2) vi (1):
[ ]

19 . 0
19 . 0
j Z
nut

1
]
1
27 . 0
19 . 0
[vt]
Ni nt (3) vi nt (2):
[ ]

19 . 0
19 . 0
19 . 0
j Z
nut

27 . 0
27 . 0
19 . 0

1
1
1
]
1
77 . 0
27 . 0
19 . 0
[vt]
Ni nt (4) vi nt (3):
[ ]

19 . 0
19 . 0
19 . 0
19 . 0
nutcu
Z

27 . 0
27 . 0
27 . 0
19 . 0

77 . 0
77 . 0
27 . 0
19 . 0

1
1
1
1
]
1
85 . 0
77 . 0
27 . 0
19 . 0
[vt]
Ni nt (4) vi nt gc:
[ ]
1
1
1
1
]
1

85 . 0
77 . 0
27 . 0
19 . 0
j Z
nut
[vt]
[ ] [ ] 85 . 0 77 . 0 27 . 0 19 . 0 j Z
T
nut
[vt]
04 . 1 ) 19 . 0 85 . 0 ( j j Z
LL
+
[vt]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
T
nut nut
LL
nutcu nut
Z Z
Z
Z Z
1
0

[ ]

0347 . 0
0493 . 0
1407 . 0
1553 . 0
0 nut
Z

0493 . 0
0701 . 0
1999 . 0
1407 . 0

1407 . 0
1999 . 0
0701 . 0
0493 . 0

1
1
1
1
]
1
1553 . 0
1407 . 0
0493 . 0
0447 . 0
[vt]
Vy t cc ma trn th t thun, nghch v khng trn ta suy ra:
1999 . 0
0 , 33
j Z
[vt]
1696 . 0
1 , 33
j Z
[vt]
1696 . 0
2 , 33
j Z
[vt]
a/- Dng ngn mch 3 pha chm nhau:
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 13
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
T
[ ]
1 nut
Z
, ta c
1696 . 0
1 , 33
j Z
[vt]
Dng ngn mch 3 pha chm nhau ti nt (3)
8962 . 5
1696 . 0
0 1
0
1 . 33
) 3 (
j
j Z
V
I
N
N

[vt]
0
1
) 3 ( 3
90 9846 . 0 167 . 0 896 . 5 kA j I I I
cb N N
(kA)
Dng in qua cc my pht G
1,
G
2
khi ngn mch 3 pha ti nt (3):
0 0 3
2 1
2 3
1 ,
90 5974 . 0 90 9846 . 0
28 . 0 43 . 0
28 . 0

+

+

j j
j
I
X X
X
I
N
G G
G
G N (kA)
0 0 3
2 1
1 3
2 ,
90 3890 . 0 90 9846 . 0
28 . 0 43 . 0
43 . 0

+

+

j j
j
I
X X
X
I
N
G G
G
G N (kA)
b/- Dng ngn mch 2 pha chm nhau:
T
[ ]
1 nut
Z
,
[ ]
2 nut
Z
ta c
1696 . 0
2 ., 33 1 , 33
j Z Z
[vt]
Dng ngn mch 2 pha chm nhau ti nt (3):
1063 . 5
1696 . 0 1696 . 0
0 1 3 3
0
2 , 33 1 , 33
) 2 (
j
j j Z Z
V
I
N
N

+

[vt]
0
1
) 2 ( 2
90 8543 . 0 167 . 0 1063 . 5 kA j I I I
cb N N
(kA)
Dng in qua cc my pht G
1,
G
2
khi ngn mch 2 pha chm nhau ti nt (3):
0 0 2
2 1
2 2
1 ,
90 3369 . 0 90 8543 . 0
28 . 0 43 . 0
28 . 0

+

+

j j
j
I
X X
X
I
N
G G
G
G N (kA)
0 0 2
2 1
1 2
2 ,
90 5174 . 0 90 8543 . 0
28 . 0 43 . 0
43 . 0

+

+

j j
j
I
X X
X
I
N
G G
G
G N (kA)
c/- Dng ngn mch 2 pha chm nhau v chm t:
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 14
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
T
[ ]
1 nut
Z
,
[ ]
2 nut
Z
,
[ ]
2 nut
Z
ta c:
1696 . 0
2 ., 33 1 , 33
j Z Z
[vt]
1999 . 0
0 , 33
j Z
[vt]
Dng ngn mch 2 pha chm t ti nt (3):
) ( ) ( ) (
) ( 3
) // (
3
0 2 0 1 2 1
0 2
0 2 1
) 0 2 (
the the the the the the
the the N
the the the
N
N
Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z Z V
Z Z Z
V
I
+ +
+

) 1999 . 0 1696 . 0 ( ) 1999 . 0 1696 . 0 ( ) 1696 . 0 1696 . 0 (
) 1999 . 0 1696 . 0 ( 0 1 3
0
) 0 2 (
j j j j j j
j j
I
N
+ +
+

6272 . 6
) 0 2 (
j I
N

[vt]
0
1
0 ) 2 ( 0 2
90 1087 . 1 167 . 0 6272 . 6

kA j I I I
cb N N
(kA)
Dng in qua cc my pht G
1,
G
2
khi ngn mch 2 pha chm t ti nt (3):
0 0 0 2
2 1
2 0 2
1 ,
90 4372 . 0 90 1087 . 1
28 . 0 43 . 0
28 . 0

+

+

j j
j
I
X X
X
I
N
G G
G
G N (kA)
0 0 0 2
2 1
1 0 2
2 ,
90 67154 . 0 90 1087 . 1
28 . 0 43 . 0
43 . 0

+

+

j j
j
I
X X
X
I
N
G G
G
G N
(kA)
d/- Dng ngn mch 1 pha chm t:
T
[ ]
1 nut
Z
,
[ ]
2 nut
Z
,
[ ]
2 nut
Z
ta c:
1696 . 0
2 ., 33 1 , 33
j Z Z
[vt]
1999 . 0
0 , 33
j Z
[vt]
Dng ngn mch 1 pha chm t ti nt (3):
0 2 1
) 0 1 (
3
the the the
N
N
Z Z Z
V
I
+ +

1999 . 0 1696 . 0 1696 . 0
0 1 3
0
) 0 1
j j j
I
N
+ +

5648 . 5
) 0 1 (
j I
N

[vt]
0
1
0 ) 1 ( 0 1
90 9310 . 0 167 . 0 5648 . 5

kA j I I I
cb N N
(kA)
Dng in qua cc my pht G
1,
G
2
khi ngn mch 1 pha chm t ti nt (3):
0 0 0 1
2 1
2 0 1
1 ,
90 3672 . 0 90 9310 . 0
28 . 0 43 . 0
28 . 0

+

+

j j
j
I
X X
X
I
N
G G
G
G N (kA)
0 0 0 1
2 1
1 0 1
2 ,
90 5638 . 0 90 9310 . 0
28 . 0 43 . 0
43 . 0

+

+

j j
j
I
X X
X
I
N
G G
G
G N (kA)
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 15
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
Nhn xt: Thng qua hai cch trn chng ta nhn thy rng kt qu tnh theo ma trn
tng tr nt ging v kt qu theo cch tnh tng ng Thevenin. i vi ba ton nu trn
tnh theo phng php Thevenin t ra nhanh hn v s n gin nhng i vi nhng h
thng khc c s tng i phc tp th vic tnh ton theo phng php ma trn tng tr
nt li nhanh hn rt nhiu.
2/- in p trong cc trng hp ngn mch 3 pha chm nhau, ngn mch 2 pha
chm nhau, ngn mch 2 pha chm t, ngn mch 1 pha chm t ti nt (3) l:
a/- in p khi ngn mch 3 pha chm nhau:
Ta c:
8962 . 5
1696 . 0
0 1
1 33
) 3 (
1 ,
j
j Z
V
I
N
Na

[vt]
) 1696 . 0 8962 . 5 ( 0 1 ) (
0
1 , 33
) 3 (
1 ,
) 3 (
2 ,
) 3 (
1 ,
) 3 (
0 ,
j j Z I V V V V
Na N A A A

[vt]
0 10 48 . 4
6 ) 3 (
2 ,
) 3 (
1 ,
) 3 (
0 ,


A A A
V V V
[vt]
0 345 0
1
) 3 (
0 ,
) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 (

cb A C B A
V V V V V
[kV]
b/- in p khi ngn mch 2 pha BC chm nhau:
Ta c:
9481 . 2
1696 . 0 1696 . 0
0 1
2 33 1 33
1
j
j j Z Z Z
V
I
N
N
Na

+

+ +

[vt]
( ) ( )

'

5 . 0
5 . 0 9481 . 2 1696 . 0 0 1
0
1 , 2 ,
0
1 1 , 33 1 ,
0
a a
Na N a
a
V V
j j I Z V V
V
[vt]

1
1
1
]
1

c
b
a
V
V
V

1
1
1

a
a
2
1

1
1
1
]
1
2
1
a
a
1
1
1
]
1

2
1
0 ,
,
,
c
b
a
V
V
V
Vi

'

0 2
0
240 1
120 1
a
a

1
1
1
]
1

c
b
a
V
V
V

1
1
1

a
a
2
1

1
1
1
]
1
2
1
a
a
1
1
1
]
1

2
1
0 ,
,
,
c
b
a
V
V
V
=

1
1
1

a
a
2
1

1
1
1
]
1
2
1
a
a
1
1
1
]
1

5 . 0
5 . 0
0
1
1
1
]
1

5 . 0
5 . 0
1
[vt]

'

5 . 172 345 5 . 0
5 . 172 345 5 . 0
345 345 1
1
1
1
kV U V V
kV U V V
kV U V V
cb c C
cb b B
cb a A
(kV)
c/- in p khi ngn mch 2 pha BC chmt:
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 16
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
Ta c:
) ( ) ( ) (
) (
) // (
0 2 0 1 2 1
0 2
0 2 1
) 0 2 (
1
the the the the the the
the the N
the the the
N
Na
Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z Z V
Z Z Z
V
I
+ +
+

) 1999 . 0 1696 . 0 ( ) 1999 . 0 1696 . 0 ( ) 1696 . 0 1696 . 0 (
) 1999 . 0 1696 . 0 ( 0 1
0
) 0 2 (
1
j j j j j j
j j
I
Na
+ +
+

8262 . 3
) 0 2 (
1
j I
Na

[vt]
3511 . 0 ) 1696 . 0 * 8262 . 3 ( 0 1 ) (
0
1 , 33 1 0 2 1
j j Z I V V V V
Na N a a a
[vt]

'

+ +
0
0
0522 . 1 3511 . 0 3 3
1 2 1 0
c
b
a a a a a
V
V
V V V V V
[vt]
363 345 0522 . 1
1

cb a A
U V V
(kV)
d/- in p khi ngn mch 1 pha A chmt:
Ta c:
0 , 3 2 , 33 1 , 33
0 2 1
Z Z Z
V
I I I
N
Na Na Na
+ +

9549 . 1
1999 . 0 1696 . 0 1696 . 0
0 1
0 2 1
j
j j j
I I I
Na Na Na

+ +

[vt]

'

3 . 0 )) 9549 . 1 ( 1696 . 0 (
7 . 0 )) 9549 . 1 ( 1696 . 0 ( 0 1 ) (
4 . 0 )) 9549 . 1 ( 1999 . 0 (
2 2 , 33 1
0
1 1 , 33 1
0 0 , 33 0
j j I Z V
j j I Z V V
j j I Z V
Na a
Na N a
Na a
[vt]
0 3 . 0 7 . 0 4 . 0
2 1 0
+ + +
a a a a
V V V V
[vt]
0 345 0
1

cb a A
U V V
(kV)
II. CC TRNG HP T DY V H MCH
1. Cc s c h mch (h pha)
phn tch s c h pha, trc ht ta cn phi xy dng s tng th t gia hai
nt xy ra s c h pha (khng phi nt gc) ca h thng.
Trong mng in lc ban u chua c s c, in p th t thun ca pha A ti nt k v
m nh sau:
n km m km k kk k k k
I Z I Z I Z I Z I Z V . . .... . .... . .
2 2 1 1
+ + + + + +
n mm m mm k mk m m m
I Z I Z I Z I Z I Z V . . .... . .... . .
2 2 1 1
+ + + + + +
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 17
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
Gi s t thm mt nhnh ti ni gia nt k v nt m. Dng chy trn nhnh t k n
m l I
L.
Khi nhnh ti to ra cc thay i dng in vo cc nt k v m l I
k
= -I
L
v
I
m
= -I
L.
in ap1 nt k v m lc ny:
m km k kk k
k I Z I Z V V + + . .
,
m mm k mk m
m I Z I Z V V + + . .
,
Vit li hai phng trnh trn:
) .( ). (
,
m k km k km kk k
k I I Z I Z Z V V + + +
) .( ). (
,
m k mk m mk mm m
m I I Z I Z Z V V + + +
T hai phng trnh trn c th v cc mch tng ng Thevenin th t thun, th
t nghch v th t khng gia hai nt k v m nh hnh v sau:
Th t thun
Th t nghch

HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 18
V
k1
V
m1
(k)
(m)
Zthekm1
Zmk1 - Zkm1
Zkk1 - Zkm1
Zmm1 - Zmk1
(k)
(m)
Zthekm2
Zkm2
Zkk2 - Zkm2
Zmm2 - Zmk2
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
Th t khng
Hnh v 2.1
Theo hnh v trn tng tr tng ng Thevenin gia nt k v m c xc nh bng
cng thc sau:
km mm kk Thekm
Z Z Z Z . 2 +
Khi s c h hai pha ti im pp gia hai k v m c th c m phng bng cc thay
i mch tng ng gia nt k v m nh sau:
- Thm nhnh c tng tr - Z
km
n gia nt k v m ( Z
km
l tng tr thc cu ng dy
k m trc s c).
- Thm nhnh k p c tng tr Z
kp
n gia nt mi p v k, nhnh p m c tng tr
Z
pm
ni gia nt mi p v nt m (Z
kp
+ Z
pm
= Z
km
).
Lm theo cch nh trn ta c mch tng ng Thevenin ring cho tng mch th t
khi h pha gia hai im pp nh hnh sau:
Th t thun
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 19
(k)
(m)
Zthekm0
Zkm0
Zkk0 - Zkm0
Zmm0 - Zmk0
V
k1
V
m1
(k)
(m)
Zthekm1
Zmk1
Zkk1 - Zkm1
Zmm1 - Zmk1
V
a1
Zpp'1
-Zkm1
Zkp1
Zmp'1
(p)
(p')
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
Th t nghch
Th t khng
Hnh v 2.2
Tng tr tng ng Thevenin ca cc mng th t pha A khi nhn vo mng t gia
hai im p v p:
2
0 0
2
0
0 ,
km Thekm
km
pp
z Z
z
Z

2
1 1
2
1
1 ,
km Thekm
km
pp
z Z
z
Z

2
2 2
2
2
2 ,
km Thekm
km
pp
z Z
z
Z

in p tng ng Thevenin V
pp
trong mng th t pha A nhn t p v p:
) ( ) (
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 , km
km Thekm
m k
km
km mk mm km kk
m k
pp
z
z Z
V V
z
z Z Z Z Z
V V
V

HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 20

(k)
(m)
Zthekm0
Zmk0
Zkk0 - Zkm0
Zmm0 - Zmk0
V
a0
Zpp'0
-Zkm0
Zkp0
Zmp'0
(p)
(p')
(k)
(m)
Zthekm2
Zmk2
Zkk2 - Zkm2
Zmm2 - Zmk2
V
a2
Zpp'2
-Zkm2
Zkp2
Zmp'2
(p)
(p')
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
) (
1 1
1
'
1 , m k
km
pp
pp
V V
z
Z
V
Gi I
km
dng in chy trn nhnh k m trc s c l:
km
m k
km
m k
km
z
V V
z
V V
I

1
1 1
Suy ra:
1 ' 1 , pp km pp
Z I V
Trong s c h pha thay i dng in khng qu ln so vi dng ti trc s c, v
th dng ti trc s c trong trng ny cn phi c tnh ton chnh xc m khng th b
qua nh trong trng hp ngn mch.
Dng php bin i t ngun p V
a1
n tip v tng tr z
kp1
+ z
mp
+ z
km1
thnh ngun
dng
1
1
km
a
z
V
song song vi tng z
km1
ca mch th t thun, ta c mch tng ng nh hnh v
sau:
Hnh v 2.3
Cho hai nhnh -z
km1
v z
km1
trit tiu nhau ta c:
Hnh v 2.4
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 21
V
k1
V
m1
(k)
(m)
Zmk1
Zkk1 - Zkm1
Zmm1 - Zmk1
-Zkm1
(p')
Zkm1
Va1/Zkm1
V
k1
V
m1
(k)
(m)
Zmk1
Zkk1 - Zkm1
Zmm1 - Zmk1
Va1/Zkm1
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
Tng t vi mch th t nghch v th t khng ta cng c mch tng ng hnh
v 2.5:
Hnh v 2.5
T hnh 2.4 v 2.5 ta c th kt lun rng s c h pha tng t nh khi ta t cc
ngun dng
1
1
km
a
z
V
;
2
2
km
a
z
V
;
0
0
km
a
z
V
ni gia nt k v m. Chiu ngun dng tng ng vi chiu ca
V
a1,
tc l hng t m n k. Trong th t thun, ngun dng
1
1
km
a
z
V
gy ra thay i dng
in vo nt k v nt m l
1
1
1
km
a
k
z
V
I
;
1
1
1
km
a
m
z
V
I
. Tong t nh vy trong hai mch th
t nghch v th t khng.
Ta bit, trc s c in p cc nt trong mng th t nghch v th t khng bng
khng, cn in p cc nt trong mng th t thun l V
i1
(0) = V
i
(0). Cui cng ta c in p
ti cc nt trong cc mng th t gy ra bi ngun dng tng ng s c l:
1
1
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
) 0 ( . . ) 0 ( ) 0 (
a
km
iml ik
i m im k ik i i i i
V
z
Z Z
V I Z I Z V V V V

+ + + +
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 22
(k)
(m)
Zmk2
Zkk2 - Zkm2
Zmm2 - Zmk2
Va2/Zkm2
(k)
(m)
Zmk0
Zkk0 - Zkm0
Zmm0 - Zmk0
Va0/Zkm0
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
2
2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
. .
a
km
im ik
m im k ik i i
V
z
Z Z
I Z I Z V V

+
0
0
0 20
0 0 0 0 0 0
. .
a
km
im ik
m im k ik i i
V
z
Z Z
I Z I Z V V

+
2. S c h mch mt pha
Khi h mch mt pha (pha A), pha B v C vn ni nn:
0
' '

c b c pp b pp
V V V V
0
a
I
Theo l thuyt cc thnh phn i xng ta c:
phn tch s c h pha, trc ht ta cn

1
1
1
]
1

2
1
0
Va
V
V
a
a
1/3

1
1
1

a
a
2
1

1
1
1
]
1
2
1
a
a
1
1
1
]
1

0
0
a
V
=1/3
1
1
1
]
1

a
a
a
V
V
V
Suy ra V
a1
= V
a2
= V
a0
=
3
a
V
I
a1
= T
a2
= I
a3
=0
T hai phng trnh trn ta c th tm c hnh biu din s c h mt pha gia hai
nt k v m ti im pp nh hnh v 2.6
Hnh v 2.6
Suy ra dng v th t:
2 ' 0 ' 1 ' . 2 ' 1 ' 0 '
0 ' ' . 1 '
1
. .
) (
.
pp pp pp pp pp pp
pp pp pp
km a
Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z Z Z
I I
+ +
+

HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 23

(p)
(p') Zpp'
Va0
(p') Zpp'
Va2
(p') Zpp'
Va1
Ia0
Ia2
Ia1
(p)
(p)
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
0 ' . 2 '
0 ' . 2 '
1 2 1 0
)
.
pp pp
pp pp
a a a a
Z Z
Z Z
I V V V
+

2 ' 0 ' 1 ' . 2 ' 1 ' 0 '
0 ' ' . 1 '
2 1 0
. .
.
.
pp pp pp pp pp pp
pp pp pp
km a a a
Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z Z Z
I V V V
+ +

3
2 1 0
a
a a a
I
I I I
3. S c h mch hai pha
Khi h mch mt pha (pha B v C), pha A vn ni nn:
0
'

a a pp
V V
0
c b
I I
Theo l thuyt cc thnh phn i xng ta c:
0
2 1 0
+ +
a a a
V V V
3
2 1 0
a
a a a
I
I I I
S c h hai pha c biu din bng cch kt n cc mng th t n tip nhau tho
hai phng trnh trn hnh v 2.7
Hnh v 2.7
Suy ra dng v th t:
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 24
(p')
Zkk0 - Zkm0
Va2
Ia2
Zpp'2
(p)
(p')
Vpp'2
Va1
Ia1
(p)
Ia0
Zpp'0
(p')
(p)
Va0
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
3
.
2 ' 1 ' 0 '
. 1 '
0 2 1
a
pp pp pp
pp
km a a a
I
Z Z Z
Z
I I I I
+ +

0 ' . 2 '
0 ' . 2 '
1 2 1 0
)
.
pp pp
pp pp
a a a a
Z Z
Z Z
I V V V
+

0 ' 2 ' 1 '
0 ' 1 ' . 1 '
0 ' 2 ' 1 1
) (
. ) (
pp pp pp
pp pp pp
km pp pp a a
Z Z Z
Z Z Z
I Z Z I V
+ +
+
+
0 ' 2 ' 1 '
2 ' . 1 '
2 ' . 2 2
.
pp pp pp
pp pp
km pp a a
Z Z Z
Z Z
I Z I V
+ +

0 ' 2 ' 1 '
0 ' . 1 '
0 ' . 0 0
.
pp pp pp
pp pp
km pp a a
Z Z Z
Z Z
I Z I V
+ +

4. Bi tp s c h mch
Bi Tp 1:
Cho h thng nh hnh v:
Thng s cc phn t trong h thng l:
- My pht G
1
v G
2
: 20kV; 100MVA;
% 5 %; 4 %; 20
0 2 1
"

g d
X X X X X
- My bin p T
1
v T
2
: 20kV/345kV; 100MVA; % 8 X .
- Khi S
cb
= 100MVA; U
cb
= 345kV th X
1
= X
2
= 15%; X
0
= 50%
-Xem my G
2
l ng c c cng sut 50MWA, h s cng sut tr 0.8, in p nh
mc ti nt 3 l 345kV.
Xc nh thay i in p ti nt 3 khi:
1/- H mch mt pha ng dy truyn ti gia nt 2 v nt 3?.
2/- H mch hai pha ng dy truyn ti gia nt 2 v nt 3.
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 25

Xg
Xg
G1
G2
T1 T2
1 2 3 4
N
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
Gii:
1/- thay i in p ti nt 3 khi h mch mt pha ng dy truyn ti gia
nt 2 v nt 3:
- Chn S
cb
= 100MVA, U
cb1
= 345kV v U
cb2
= 20kV
167 . 0
345 3
100
3
1
1

KV
MVA
U
S
I
cb
cb
cb (KA)
89 . 2
20 3
100
3
2
2

KV
MVA
U
S
I
cb
cb
cb (KA)
25 . 1190
100
345
2 2
1
1

MVA
KV
S
U
Z
cb
cb
cb
()
4
100
20
2 2
2
2

MVA
KV
S
U
Z
cb
cb
cb
()
- Cc thng s trong h n v tng i:
+ MF G
1,
G
2
:
X
1
= X
2
= j0.2 [vt]
X
0
= j0.04 [vt]
X
g
= j0.05 [vt]
=> X
g0
= 3x X
g
= 3xj0.05 = j0.15 [vt]
+ MBA T
1,
T
2
:
X
1
= X
2
= X
0
= j0.08 [vt]
+ Z L:
X
1
= X
2
= 0.15 [vt]
X
0
= j0.5 [vt]
+ V
N
= 10
0
Th t thun:
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 26
1 2 3 4
j0.2
j0.08 j0.15
j0.08
j0.2
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
Th t nghch:
Th t khng:
T s th t thun v nghch ta c ma trn
[ ]
1 nut
Z
=
[ ]
2 nut
Z
ca h thng:
Ni nt (1) vi nt gc:
[ ] [ ] 2 . 0 j Z
nut

[vt]
Ni nt (2) vi (1):
[ ]

2 . 0
2 . 0
j Z
nut

1
]
1
28 . 0
2 . 0
[vt]
Ni nt (3) vi nt (2):
[ ]

2 . 0
2 . 0
2 . 0
j Z
nut

2 . 0
28 . 0
2 . 0

1
1
1
]
1
43 . 0
28 . 0
2 . 0
[vt]
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 27
1
2 3 4
j0.04
j0.08
j0.5
j0.08
j0.15
j0.04
j0.15
j0.2
1
2 3 4
j0.2
j0.08
j0.15
j0.08
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
Ni nt (4) vi nt (3):
[ ]

2 . 0
2 . 0
2 . 0
2 . 0
j Z
nutcu

28 . 0
28 . 0
28 . 0
2 . 0

43 . 0
43 . 0
28 . 0
2 . 0

1
1
1
1
]
1
51 . 0
43 . 0
28 . 0
2 . 0
[vt]
Ni nt (4) vi nt gc, ta c:
[ ]
1
1
1
1
]
1

51 . 0
43 . 0
28 . 0
2 . 0
j Z
nut
[vt]
[ ] [ ] 51 . 0 43 . 0 28 . 0 2 . 0 j Z
T
nut
[vt]
71 . 0 ) 2 . 0 51 . 0 ( j j Z
LL
+
[vt]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
T
nut nut
LL
nutcu nut
Z Z
Z
Z Z
1
1
[ ] [ ]

0563 . 0
0789 . 0
1211 . 0
1437 . 0

2 1
j Z Z
nut nut

0789 . 0
1104 . 0
1696 . 0
1211 . 0

1211 . 0
1696 . 0
1104 . 0
0789 . 0

1
1
1
1
]
1
1437 . 0
1211 . 0
0789 . 0
0563 . 0
[vt]
T s mng th t khng, hon ton tng t cch tnh ma trn th t thun v
nghch trn, ta c ma trn tng tr th t khng:
[ ]

0
0
0
19 . 0

0
j Z
nut

0
08 . 0
08 . 0
0

0
58 . 0
08 . 0
0

1
1
1
1
]
1
19 . 0
0
0
0
[vt]
Trc khi s c dng in chy vo ng c trn ng dy 2-3 l:
3 . 0 4 . 0
1
6 . 0 8 . 0 ( 5 . 0
3
23
j
j
V
jQ P
I +

[vt]
T hnh v cc mng th t ta c:
15 . 0
23 232 231
j z z z
[vt]
5 . 0
230
j z
c
T cc ma trn tng nt cc mng th t ta c:
) 5 . 0 ) 08 . 0 ( 2 58 . 0 08 . 0
) 5 . 0 (
. 2
) (
2
230 230 330 220
2
230
0 '
j j j j
j
z Z Z Z
z
Z
pp
+

0
25 . 0
0 ' pp
Z [vt]
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 28
jX
HT
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
231 231 331 221
2
231
2 ' 1 '
. 2
) (
z Z Z Z
z
Z Z
pp pp
+

712 . 0
) 15 . 0 ) 1104 . 0 ( 2 1696 . 0 1696 . 0
) 15 . 0 (
2
2 ' 1 '
j
j j j j
j
Z Z
pp pp

+

[vt]
Ta thy khi ng dy n nt 2 v 3 h mch, xut hin tng tr v cng ln
gia hai im p v p (im h) ca mch th t khng.
1.1. Khi mt pha b t:
Lin kt cc mng th t cu trng ny c biu din hnh 2.11
Hnh 2.11
p dng cc cng thc ta c:
0712 712 . 0
0712 712 . 0
). 3 . 0 4 . 0 (
)
.
0 ' . 2 '
0 ' . 2 '
1 2 1 0
j j
j j
j
Z Z
Z Z
I V V V
pp pp
pp pp
a a a a
+

+

1424 . 0 1068 . 0
0712 712 . 0
0712 712 . 0
). 3 . 0 4 . 0 (
2 1 0
j
j j
j j
j V V V
a a a
+
+

[vt]
thay i in p ti nt 3:
0 ' 2 ' 1 '
0 ' 1 ' . 1 '
0 ' 2 ' 1 1
) (
. ) (
pp pp pp
pp pp pp
km pp pp a a
Z Z Z
Z Z Z
I Z Z I V
+ +
+
+
0 ' 2 ' 1 '
2 ' . 1 '
2 ' . 2 2
.
pp pp pp
pp pp
km pp a a
Z Z Z
Z Z
I Z I V
+ +

HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 29
jX
HT
Zpp'0= v cng
(p') Zpp'2-j0.712
Va2
(p') Zpp'1=j0.712
Va1= 0.1068+j0.1424
Ia2
Ia1
(p)
(p)
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
0 ' 2 ' 1 '
0 ' . 1 '
0 ' . 0 0
.
pp pp pp
pp pp
km pp a a
Z Z Z
Z Z
I Z I V
+ +

BI TP TNH TON N NH
I. MI QUAN H CNG SUT (P) V IN P (V) TI NT TI
Xt h thng in (HT) n gin cp in cho ph ti nt 2 t ngun nt 1 nh hnh
1, trong tt c cc i lng c xt trong h n v tng i (vt).
Hnh 1
Gi s
1 1 1
V V

,
2 2 2
V V

l in p ti cc nt 1 v 2.
Chn in p
1
V

lm in p tham chiu, ta c 0 1
1
V

[vt].
Ta c cc cng thc xc nh cng sut ti ph ti nt 2 nh sau:
2
2
1 2
2 1
2
sin ) sin(
) . (

X
V
X
V V
P
(1)
X
V V
Q
2
2 2 2
2
cos

(2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra:
2 2 2
sin V XP
(3)

2 2 2
2
2
cos V XQ V + (4)
Bnh phng hai v (3), (4) v cng 2 phng trnh vi nhau kh
2
, ta c
phng trnh trng phng sau:
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] 0 1 2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
4
2
+ + + XQ XP V XQ V (5)
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 30
V
1
V
2
jX
HT
1
2
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
T (5) xc nh c V
2
khi bit P
2
, Q
2
v X vi iu kin V
2
0. Kho st mi
quan h PV trong cc trng hp sau:
1. Trng hp cos
2
= 1 (Q
2
= 0):
T (5) ta c:
( ) 0
2
2
2
2
4
2
+ XP V V (6)
Vi iu kin V
2
0, phng trnh (6) c 2 nghim:
Phng trnh bc 2 i vi
2
2
V cho nghim:
( )
( )

'

2
4 1 1
2
4 1 1
2
2
2
2
2
2
XP
V
XP
V
b
a
(7)
Khi P
2
= 0 (khng ti) th (7) cho 2 gi tr ca
2
V
:
V
2a
= 1 y l ch bnh thng.
V
2b
= 0 y l ch ngn mch ti nt 2.
Khi tng dn ph ti P
2
t 0 ln th (7) cho thy in p V
2a
s gim dn, trong khi V
2b
s tng dn cho n khi gp nhau ti 1 im G no . Ta th hin 2 ng cong V
2a
, V
2b
trn
th hnh 2:
Hnh 2: ng cong PV ti nt ph ti 2
im G ng vi cng sut gii hn P
2gh
ca ph ti 2. P
2gh
xut hin khi
b a
V V
2 2

, theo
(7) ta c:

( ) ( )
2
4 1 1
2
4 1 1
2
2
2
2 gh gh
XP XP

+
(8)
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 31
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
P2 (pu)
V
2

(
p
u
)
cos = 0.7
V2a
V2b
Ghep 2 th V
2a
, V
2b
cos=0,9, t i c m
cos=0,8, t i c m
cos=0,8, t i dung
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
Suy ra
X
P
gh
2
1
2

(9)
Thay P
2gh
trong (9) vo (7) ta s xc nh c in p gii hn V
2gh
ti nt 2:
7071 . 0
2
1
2

gh
V
(10)
Nu P
2
> P
2gh
th (6) v nghim, khi h thng khng tn ti ch xc lp.
2. Trng hp cos
2
< 1 (Q
2
0):
T (5) ta c cc nghim ca in p
2
V
nh sau:

'

2
4 4 1 2 1
2
4 4 1 2 1
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
P X XQ XQ
V
P X XQ XQ
V
b
a
(11)
Thay
2 2 2
tg P Q
vo (11) ta c:

'

2
4 4 1 2 1
2
4 4 1 2 1
2
2
2
2 2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2 2
2
P X tg XP tg XP
V
P X tg XP tg XP
V
b
a


(12)
Khi P
2
=0 V
2a
=1 v V
2b
=0, cho P
2
tng dn ln th V
2a
, V
2b
s thay i theo nhng
ng cong v 2 ng cong ny s gp nhau ti im gii hn G khi P = P
gh
v khi
b a
V V
2 2

. T (12) suy ra:
0 4 4 1
2
2
2
2 2

gh gh
P X tg XP
(13)
Gii phng trnh (13) xc nh c 2 nghim P
2gh
, ta chn P
2gh
dng:
2
2
2
cos 2
sin 1

X
P
gh

(14)
Thay (14) vo 12 xc nh c V
2gh
:
2
2
2
2
cos 2
sin 1

gh
V
(15)
T (14) v (15) cho php xc nh c quan h gia gh
V
2 v gh
P
2 :
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 32
Ghep 2 th V
2a
, V
2b
cos=0,9, t i c m
cos=0,8, t i c m
cos=0,8, t i dung
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
2
2
2
cos
X P
V
gh
gh
(16)
T (14) v (15) ta thy P
2gh
ph thuc vo cos
2
, sin
2
v X, ngha l ph thuc vo
tnh cht ca ph ti v thng s ng dy. Cn V
2gh
ch ph thuc vo tnh cht ca ph ti.
Gi s X =0.4 [vt] v cos
2
=0.8, xt 2 trng hp sau:
- Ph ti c tnh cm Q
2
> 0 (sin
2
>0):
P
2gh
= 0.7835 [vt]
V
2gh
= 0.5901[vt]
- Ph ti c tnh dung Q
2
< 0 (sin
2
<0):
P
2gh
= 2.5 [vt]
V
2gh
= 1.118 [vt]
T (12) biu din mi quan h PV v t (16) biu din mi quan h gia P
2gh
v V
2gh
ln
th hnh 3.
3. Kt lun
Qua kho st quan h gia in p v cng sut nt ti (PV) cho thy tn ti im (P
2gh
,
V
2gh
), y chnh l im gii hn n nh in p nt ti. in p gii hn V
2gh
ch ph thuc
vo h s cng sut ca ph ti m khng ph thuc vo in khng ca ng dy. Trong khi
cng sut gii hn P
2gh
ph thuc vo h s cng sut ca ph ti ng thi t l nghch vi
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 33
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
P
2
(pu)
V
2
a
,

V
2
b

(
p
u
)
Ghep 2 th V
2a
, V
2b
cos=0,9, t i c m
cos=0,8, t i c m
cos=0,8, t i dung
V
2gh
Hnh 3: th quan h
2 2
V P vi
2
cos khc nhau
Ngn mch v n nh HT GVGD: PGS. TS. Nguyn Hong Vit
in khng ca ng dy. H s cng sut cng b th cng sut tc dng gii hn P
2gh
s
cng gim, nh vy s dng t b ngang c th nng cao cng sut gii hn ca ph ti.
Vi h s cng sut khng i tng cng sut ph ti s lm cho in p gim, khi P
2
ln hn P
2gh
theo th hnh 2 v hnh 3 cho thy khi h thng khng tn ti ch xc lp
(h thng mt n nh)
HVTH:Dng Tn Liu Cao hc K3 Cn Th Trang 34
V
2
a
,

V
2
b

(
p
u
)