Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lecture1 570
Lecture1 570
c
c c
ccccccccccccccccc
c
c
c
c c cccc cccc c
c
c! cccc! cc
c!"cc
c
c
cc
c
c! c# cc c$cc
cc!c
c
c
c! cc
c
cc c
c
c c ccc cc c$%ccc
%c&cc cc'c
%c&ccc
c! c
c
#c
c!! "cc&&!c( )c cc !c
&$$! "c()c*c!"cc(+)c
c!cc !c&$$! c
& !c c$ c
cc
c
c
c
c
c
c
?
c
A c
)c c(,! c- $ c. )%c
x
F x P X x
f u du c
f x
?
x l
l xl
? ?
l
+)c
c
!c/& %
c
c
c
0
c
ccc c (1)ccc
cc$!c1ccc%cc
X
x f x dx
c
c
&!ccc
!c/& %
c
c
%c
l
X
$c
?
xf x dx
;
%c
; X X l
c
?
x l
f x dx
cc
c 0
c
cc
ccc&!c
!c/& c
c
(1)c2c emX c
l
m c
c
c
!!!
-c
c c c c( )cc
c3!c
- $ cA c
!!
!!A A !
0!0!A A 1!
c
c
c
-c
c c c c( )cc
c
3!c- $ c
5c
A
* 4
23
! %c
m
!!!!!!!!!!!!
23
* 6
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!
23
!!!!!!!!!!!!
23
5 !
7 89
* 6
EFFFFFFFFFFFFFFG
!!!!!!!!!!!!
23
* 4
* 6
7
89 !!!
:;<=>>!?>!@ABCD>
7 89 !
23
* 6
7
89 !
23
* 6
HI J
K9 !
23
* 6
HI J
L K9 !
+c
c
c
!!!!!!!!!!!!
23
!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
7
8 9 * 6
P P
MNO
'/
* 6
23
23
* 6
RSTUTVWUT!XT!SYZT/!
7 8 9 Q!!
* 6
7 8 9 !
P P
!!!!!!!!!!!!m MNO
7 L 89 !
!
P P
!
!
\'+#)'
/!^!_ A A %
!!
!
m
N P
!!!!!!!!!!!! m
[ m
!
m
P P
P P
MNO MPNOP
MNMP N IOP NOPP J P
!
a!
4c
c
\'+#)'
/!^!_ A A %
!!
!
m
P
[ m
!
!
m
P P
MNO MP
N OPP P
MMP N IOP NOPP J P
!
a!
\'+#)'
/!^!_ 0A A 1 %
!!
!
m d
P Ne
!!!!!!!!!!!! e m
0m
e M
dN OP dP
MP
N OPP P
dM MP NeN IfOP NLOPP J P
!
!
X N ?
Me
; e c
c
4)c 0
c5c ccc!cc$!c1c
" X N ?
X l
Z
N
c
c
c
&&
c%ccc
c
c&"c
c"c
l x?
f z
c
?
&&
c%ccc
c
c c( c
6 c. )c
0
cc 5 c&c$ c
c&"cc
c"cc
c c0
cccc 7c
c cc
c cccc$!"cc!!c$c
$!c c!c
c
c c89c!!cc c
&$$! c $ cc
c
3ccc
c cc%c
e
M Z m e Zm e
em m
X l
e
e
lm
e
lm
e
M Z m e
lm
e
m X
e
lm
m
? ?
m
?
e
lm
m
?
?
m?
?
e c
Z N
c
::c6c
c5c "cccc$!c c
!! c
c&$$! ccc!cc$!c1c
c!!%c
P X b
P
P
F
l
l
bl
;/&!%ccc X N
!
X l
Z
l F
?
bl
bl
l
!
c
b c
c
c
c
: !
ccc &&cccc c
cc0
c c
c!c cc !c
c <c
c c c c 5
*c !c0
ccc!c cc !c
c
c
c c
cc cc
c0
c
cc!c c
c !c
c c
c c
cc c+c
c
c
c
ccc c!!c c=!!c!<!c c
cccc
c"c
cc
c/& c!
cc
c !c
cc
c >c
%c? c
c !c/& c!%c
7A8 g 7A _8K hj 7A _ i8 7_ i8cc(:c c@)c
A c1c2c cc cc
cc c
c c
A c@c2c
cc
cc
c !!c
c
%c
7A8 7A _ 8 7_ 8 7A _ 8 7_ 8
7A _ 08 7_ 08c
7 A 8 1 7 A 8 0 c
0
0
0
! cc;B1C"cc
%c
7A8 k! %'#$,c
c
c
c