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Bang Nhan Biet Cac Chat Huu Co
Bang Nhan Biet Cac Chat Huu Co
HA HU C
Thuc th
dd Brom
Hin tng
Phai mu nu
Phn ng
CH2 = CH2 + Br2 BrCH2 CH2Br CH CH + 2Br2 Br2CH CHBr2
OH
OH + 3Br2 Br Br Br + 3HBr
dd Brom Anilin Hp cht c lin kt C = C C C Ankyl benzen Ankin c lin kt ba u mch Hp cht c nhm CH = O: Andehit, glucoz, mantz Axit fomic Este formiat H COO R Hp cht c nhm CH= O Ancol a chc Cu(OH)2 (c t nht 2 nhm OH gn vo 2 C lin tip) dd Anehit NaHSO3 Metyl xton bo ha Hp cht c H linh ng: axit, Ancol, phenol Na, K dd KMnO4
Kt ta trng
(ke tu trag) t a n
NH2 + 3Br2
NH2 Br Br Br + 3HBr
(ke tu trag) t a n
Phai mu tm
CH3
2 + 2KMnO4 0
COOK
HO 80-100 C
+ 2MnO2 + KOH + H2 O
R C + Ag[(NH3)2]OH R C C H C Ag + H2O + 2NH3 R CH = O + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH R COONH4 + 2Ag + H2O + 3NH3 CH2OH (CHOH)4 CHO + Ag2O
t R CHO + 2Cu(OH)2
CH2 OH CH2 OH
HO CH2 HO CH2
CH2 OH HO CH2
]
2R OH 2R COOH 2C6H5 OH
+ H2 + H2 + H2
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TI LIU HA HC
HA HU C
Thuc th
Cl2/s dd Br2 dd KMnO4
Hin tng
Sn phm sau P lm hng giy qu m Mt mu mt mu Sp cho p trng gng Mt mu Mt mu mt mu kt ta mu vng nht kt ta mu Mt mu
Phn ng
as CnH2n+2 + Cl2 CnH2n+1Cl + HCl
Anken Kh Oxi Ankaien dd Br2 dd Br2 dd KMnO4 AgNO3/NH3 (c ni 3 u mch) dd CuCl trong NH3 dd KMnO4, t0
CnH2n2 + 2Br2 CnH2nBr4 CnH2n2 + 2Br2 CnH2nBr4 3CH CH+8KMnO4 3HOOC COOH + 8MnO4 +8KOH HC CH + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH Ag C C Ag + 2H2O + 4NH3 R C + [Ag(NH3)2]OH R C C H C Ag + H2O + 2NH3 CH CH + 2CuCl + 2NH3 Cu C C Cu + 2NH4Cl R C C H + CuCl + NH3 R C C Cu + NH4Cl
Ankin
Toluen
CH3
2 + 2KMnO4 0
COOK
HO 80-100 C
CH = CH2
dd KMnO4
Mt mu
+ 2KMnO4 + 4H2 O
2R OH + 2Na
0
Na, K
CuO (en) t0
khng mu
Cu (), Sp cho p trng gng Cu (), Sp khng p trng gng dung dch mu xanh lam
2R ONa
CuO (en) t0
CH2 OH CH2 OH
HO CH 2 HO CH 2
CH2 OH HO CH 2
]
Cu(OH)2
Anilin
nc Brom
To kt ta trng
NH2 + 3Br2
NH2 Br Br Br + 3HBr
(ke tu trag) t a n
Anehit
R CH = O + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH AgNO3 Ag trng trong NH3 R COONH4 + 2Ag + H2O + 3NH3 Cu(OH)2 t0 RCHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH RCOONa + Cu2O + 3H2O gch NaOH, t0 dd Brom Mt mu RCHO + Br2 + H2O RCOOH + 2HBr Andehit no hay ko no u lm mt mu nc Br2 v y l phn ng oxi ha kh. Mun phn bit andehit no v khng no dng dd Br2 trong CCl4, mi trng CCl4 th Br2 khng th hin tnh oxi ha nn ch phn ng vi andehit khng no
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TI LIU HA HC
HA HU C
Cht
Axit cacboxylic
Thuc th
Qu tm
2 CO3
Hin tng
Ha CO2 Ha xanh Ha Khng i
Phn ng
2R COOH + Na2CO3 2R COONa + CO2 + H2O S nhm NH2 > s nhm COOH S nhm NH2 < s nhm COOH S nhm NH2 < s nhm COOH 2H2N COOH + Na2CO3 2H2N COONa + CO2 + H2O R R
Aminoaxit
2 CO3
CO2 Ha xanh dd xanh lam gch Ag trng Mt mu sn phm tham gia p trng gng Vn c dd xanh lam dd xanh lam Ag trng sn phm tham gia p trng gng sn phm tham gia p trng gng
Amin
Glucoz
CH2OH (CHOH)4 CHO + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH CH2OH (CHOH)4 COONH4 + 2Ag + H2O + 3NH3 CH2OH (CHOH)4 CHO + Br2 CH2OH (CHOH)4 COOH+2HBr C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 Glucoz Fructoz C12H22O11.CaO.2H2O
Saccaroz
C12H22O11
Vi sa Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2
C12H22O11
Ca(OH)2
Mantoz
C12H22O11
C12H22O11
H2O
2C6H12O6 (Glucoz)
(C6H10O11)n
nH2O
nC6H12O6 (Glucoz)
ddch iot
To dung dch mu xanh tm, khi un nng mu xanh tm bin mt, khi ngui mu xanh tm li xut hin
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