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Experiment - 1: DDL Commands, DML Commands, TCL Commands: // CREATE
Experiment - 1: DDL Commands, DML Commands, TCL Commands: // CREATE
Experiment - 1: DDL Commands, DML Commands, TCL Commands: // CREATE
//=DELETE==//
SQL> delete from emp
2 where eno=4;
1 row deleted.
SQL> select * from emp;
ENO
ENAME
DEPT
---- -------------------- -------------------1
ravi
cse
2
kiran
cse
3
suresh
ece
//==UPDATE==//
SQL> update emp
2 set ename='phani'
3 where ename='kiran';
1 row updated.
SQL> select * from emp;
ENO
ENAME
DEPT
---- -------------------- -------------------1
ravi
cse
2
phani
cse
3
suresh
ece
//==ALTER==//
SQL> alter table emp
2 add(salary varchar2(20));
Table altered.
SQL> desc emp;
Name
Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------ENO
VARCHAR2(4)
ENAME
VARCHAR2(20)
DEPT
VARCHAR2(20)
SALARY
VARCHAR2(20)
SQL> update emp
2 set salary=10000
3 where ename='ravi';
1 row updated.
SQL> update emp
2 set salary=10000
3 where ename='phani';
1 row updated.
SQL> update emp
2 set salary=20000
3 where ename='suresh';
1 row updated.
SQL> select * from emp;
ENO ENAME
DEPT
SALARY
---- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------1
ravi
cse
10000
2
phani
cse
10000
3
suresh
ece
20000
SQL> create table student2(sno varchar(10),sname varchar2(20),smarks varchar2(20));
Table created.
SQL> insert into student2 values(10,'sony',500);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student2 values(11,'leela',600);
1 row created.
SQL> select * from student2;
SNO
SNAME
SMARKS
---------- -------------------- -------------------10
sony
500
11
leela
600
//==DROP==//
SQL> drop table student2;
Table dropped.
SQL> desc table student2;
Usage: DESCRIBE [schema.]object[@db_link]
//==TRUNCATE==//
SQL> truncate table student;
Table truncated.
SQL> select * from student;
no rows selected
SQL> create table chsr(sname varchar2(10),age varchar2(5));
Table created.
SQL> insert into chsr values('sudharshan','28');
1 row created.
//==COMMIT==//
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> delete from chsr;
1 row deleted.
SQL> select * from chsr;
no rows selected
//==ROLLBACK==//
SQL> rollback;
Rollback complete.
SQL> select * from chsr;
SNAME
AGE
---------- ----Sudharshan 28
SQL> insert into chsr values('bhimu','24');
1 row created.
SQL> delete from chsr where age='24';
1 row deleted.
SQL> select * from chsr;
SNAME
AGE
---------- ----sudharshan 28
SQL> rollback;
Rollback complete.
SQL> select * from chsr;
SNAME
AGE
---------- ----sudharshan 28
EXPERIMENT - 2
SIMPLE QUERIES:
SQL> create table sailor_810(sid number(10) primary key,sname varchar2(20),rating
number(2),age number(2));
Table created.
SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(1,'kiran',5,40);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(2,'ramesh',7,35);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(3,'bob',10,50);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(4,'raj',8,30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(5,'ravi',4,25);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(6,'rajesh',10,30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(7,'jay',9,55);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(8,'chandu',7,30);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(9,'ram',2,35);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into sailor_810 values(10,'roy',8,50);
1 row created.
SQL> select * from sailor_810;
SID
SNAME
RATING
AGE
kiran
40
ramesh
35
bob
10
50
raj
30
ravi
25
rajesh
10
30
jay
55
chandu
30
ram
35
10
roy
50
10 rows selected.
SQL> create table boat_810(bid number(3) primary key,bname varchar2(20),colour
varchar2(20));
Table created.
SQL> insert into boat_810 values(101,'boat1','red');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into boat_810 values(102,'boat2','green');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into boat_810 values(103,'boat3','blue');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into boat_810 values(104,'boat4','yellow');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into boat_810 values(105,'boat5','orange');
1 row created.
BID
BNAME
COLOUR
boat1
red
102
boat2
green
103
boat3
blue
104
boat4
yellow
105
boat5
orange
106
boat5
blue
107
boat7
green
108
boat8
red
109
boat9
yellow
110
boat10
green
10 rows selected.
SQL> create table reserves_810(sid number(10) references sailor_1,bid number(3) references
boat_810,day date);
Table created.
SQL> insert into reserves_810 values(2,104,'12-jan-2011');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into reserves_810 values(5,103,'1-feb-2010');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into reserves_810 values(2,106,'9-aug-2000');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into reserves_810 values(4,102,'11-feb-2005');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into reserves_810 values(7,107,'19-mar-2007');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into reserves_810 values(1,101,'20-jun-2009');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into reserves_810 values(6,105,'11-may-2011');
1 row created.
SQL> select * from reserves_810;
SID
BID
DAY
104
12-JAN-11
103
01-FEB-10
106
09-AUG-00
102
11-FEB-05
107
19-MAR-07
101
20-JUN-09
105
11-MAY-11
7 rows selected.
BID
DAY
104
12-JAN-11
103
01-FEB-10
106
09-AUG-00
102
11-FEB-05
107
19-MAR-07
101
20-JUN-09
105
11-MAY-11
109
15-FEB-07
8 rows selected.
//==FIND THE NAMES AND AGES OF ALL THE SAILORS:==//
SQL> select sname,age from sailor_810;
SNAME
AGE
-------------------- ---------kiran
40
ramesh
35
bob
50
raj
30
ravi
25
rajesh
30
jay
55
chandu
30
ram
35
roy
50
10 rows selected
//==FIND THE NAMES OF SAILORS WITH A RATING ABOVE 7==//
SQL> select sname from sailor_810
2 where rating>7;
SNAME
------------------bob
raj
rajesh
jay
roy
//==FIND THE NAMES OF SAILORS WHO HAVE RESERVED BOAT N0 103==//
SQL> select s.sname from sailor_810 s, reserves_810 r
2 where r.bid=103 and s.sid=r.sid;
SNAME
-------------------ravi
//==FIND THE NAMES OF SAILORS WHO HAVE RESERVED RED BOAT==//
SQL> select s.sname from sailor_810 s, reserves_810 r
2 ,boat_810 b
3 where b.colour='red' and s.sid=r.sid and b.bid=r.bid;
SNAME
-------------------kiran
COLOUR
-------------------red
AGE
-------------------- ---------bob
50
burab
27
EXPERIMEN 4
OPERATORS:
ARITHEMATIC OPERATORS:
SQL> select * from emp;
ENO
ENAME
DEPT
SALARY
---- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------1
ravi
cse
10000
2
phani
cse
10000
3
suresh
ece
20000
SQL>select ename,dept,(salary+1000) from emp;
ENAME
DEPT
SALARY
---- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------ravi
cse
11000
phani
cse
11000
suresh
ece
21000
SQL>select ename,dept,(salary-1000) from emp;
ENAME
DEPT
SALARY
---- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------ravi
cse
9000
phani
cse
9000
suresh
ece
19000
SQL>select ename,dept,(salary*10) from emp;
ENAME
DEPT
SALARY
---- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------ravi
cse
100000
phani
cse
100000
suresh
ece
200000
SQL>select ename,dept,(salary/10) from emp;
ENAME
DEPT
SALARY
---- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------ravi
cse
1000
phani
cse
1000
suresh
ece
2000
COMPARISION OPERATORS:
//==FIND THE NAMES OF SAILORS WHOSE RATING IS GREATER THAN 7==//
SQL> select sname from sailor_810
2 where rating>7;
SNAME
-------------------bob
raj
rajesh
jay
roy
Ravi
Ram
Ramesh
Chandu
AGE
-------------------- ---------bob
50
burab
27
//==FIND THE AGES OF SAILORS WHOSE NAME ENDS AND BEGIN WITH B AND
HAS ONLY ONE CHARACTER ==//
SQL> select age from sailor_810 where sname like 'b_b';
AGE
---------50
LOGICAL OPRERATORS:
NOT:
SQL>select * from sailor_810 where NOT(rating BETWEEN 6 AND 9);
SID
SNAME
RATING
AGE
kiran
40
bob
10
50
ravi
25
rajesh
10
30
jay
55
ram
35
AND:
SQL>select * from sailor_810 where rating=9 AND age=55;
SID
SNAME
RATING
AGE
jay
55
OR:
SQL>select * from sailor_810 where rating=10 OR age=40;
SID
SNAME
RATING
AGE
kiran
40
bob
10
50
rajesh
10
30
CONCATENATION OPERATOR
SQL> select * from emp;
ENO ENAME
DEPT
SALARY
---- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------1
ravi
cse
10000
2
phani
cse
10000
3
suresh
ece
20000
SQL> select The Name of Employee is: || ename from emp;
ENAME
--------------The Name of Employee is: ravi
The Name of Employee is: phani
The Name of Employee is: suresh
EXPERIMENT-5
CONVERTION FUNCTIONS:
SQL> select to_char(sysdate) from dual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE)
---------------------------17-FEB-12
SQL> select to_date('17-feb-2012') from dual;
TO_DATE(' 17-FEB-2012)
--------------------------------17-FEB-12
SQL> select to_number('505') from dual;
TO_NUMBER('505')
------------------------505
CHARACTER FUNCTIONS:
SQL> select upper('sowjanya') from dual;
UPPER(' sowjanya)
-----------------------SOWJANYA
SQL> select lower('SOWJANYA') from dual;
LOWER('SOWJANYA)
-------------------------------sowjanya
SQL> select initcap('sowjanya') from dual;
INITCAP(sowjanya)
--------------------------
Sowjanya
POWER(2,3)
---------8
SQL> select sign(-6) from dual;
SIGN(-6)
----------1
SQL> select sign(6) from dual;
SIGN(6)
---------1
SQL> select sqrt(49) from dual;
SQRT(49)
---------7
DATE FUNCTIONS:
SQL> select sysdate from dual;
SYSDATE
-----------17-FEB-12
SQL> select sysdate+1 from dual;
SYSDATE+1
--------------18-FEB-12
SQL> select sysdate-1 from dual;
SYSDATE-1
--------------
16-FEB-12
SQL> select last_day('17-feb-2012') from dual;
LAST_DAY(
---------------29-FEB-12
SQL> select next_day(sysdate,'friday') from dual;
NEXT_DAY(
---------------24-FEB-12
SQL> select length('17-feb-2012') from dual;
LENGTH('17-FEB-2012')
--------------------11
SQL> select add_months('17-feb-2012',4) from dual;
ADD_MONTH
-----------------17-JUN-12
MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS:
SQL> select uid from dual;
UID
---------1219
SQL> select user from dual;
USER
-------------MTECH
Size of a Number:
select vsize(3.141) from dual;
VSIZE(3.141)
-----------4
Size of String:
select vsize('what is my size') from dual;
VSIZE('WHATISMYSIZE')
--------------------15