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CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2 BÀI TẬP HIĐROCACBON NO
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2 BÀI TẬP HIĐROCACBON NO
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2 BÀI TẬP HIĐROCACBON NO
CHUYN 2 :
HIROCACBON NO
HIROCACBON NO
CHUYN 2 :
HIROCACBON NO
5
4
3
2
1
(CH3)2CHCH2C(CH3)3 Hay CH3 (CH3)CH CH2 (CH3)C(CH3) CH3
Quy tc c tn SGK 11 nc- 138. nh s th t gn C phn nhnh nhiu nht
S v tr Tn nhnh Tn mch chnh + an
V tr nhnh 2,2,4 c 3 CH3 => 3metyl => Trimetyl 1 l mono ; 2 l i ; 3 l tri ; 4 l tetra
Mch chnh 5 C => penta => 2,2,4 trimetyl pentan =>A
Cu 9: Phn ng c trng ca hirocacbon no l
A. Phn ng tch.B. Phn ng th.
C. Phn ng cng.
D. C A, B v C.
Hidrocacbon no c p tch , th , cng nhng c trng nht l phn ng th => B
Cu 10: Cho iso-pentan tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l s mol 1 : 1, s sn phm monoclo ti a thu c l:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 5.
D. 4.
Iso pentan : iso dng : CH3 CH(CH3) ; pentan => c 5C Tnh c mch nhnh Nu l danh php thay th th
ch mch chnh
CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH3 tc dng vi Cl2 => To ra mono hay 1Cl th 1H
Sp to thnh c th l:
CH3 CH CH2 CH3 4 mi tn hay 4 ch Cl c th th c => ti a 4 sp => D
CH3
Ch mt s trng hp ging nhau : 2 v tr kia ging nhau
Mo : Dng bi iso - Ca ankan => S monoclo hoc monobrom to thnh = s C 1
S C l s C trong cht .
Cu 11: Iso-hexan tac dung vi clo (co chiu sang) co th tao ti a bao nhiu dn xut monoclo ?
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6
Iso hexan => CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH CH3 Tng t bi 10
CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 => Ti a 5 sn phm => C Hoc ADCT bi 10 = 6 1 = 5 6C
CH3
Cu 12: Khi cho 2-metylbutan tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l mol 1:1 th to ra sn phm chnh l:
A. 1-clo-2-metylbutan. B. 2-clo-2-metylbutan. C. 2-clo-3-metylbutan. D.1-clo-3-metylbutan.
Sn phm chnh => Cl th vo H C bc cao nht SGK 11 nc 144
2 metyl butan : CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH3
I
III
II
I
Vit li:CH3 CH CH2 CH3
Cl
1
2
3
4
CH3
=> Cl th vo C bc III => CH3 C CH2 CH3
CH3
=> 2 clo 2 metyl butan => B
Cu 13: Khi clo ha C5H12 vi t l mol 1:1 thu c 3 sn phm th monoclo. Danh php IUPAC ca ankan l:
A. 2,2-imetylpropan.
B. 2-metylbutan.
C. pentan.
D.2-imetylpropan.
C5H12 th clo t l 1 : 1 thu c 3 sn phm monoclo Ti a
Xt p n : Lm nhiu s quen v dng ny c th loi p n
A. 2,2 imetyl propan : CH3 (CH3)C(CH3)-CH3 Ch to ra 1 monoclo
CH3
CH3 C CH3 Th vo 1 trong 4 CH3 u nh nhau ht
CH3
B. 2 metylbutan : CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH3 iso pentan => 4 sp bi 10 ADCT
C. Pentan : CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 => 3 sp Tha mn => C
D. 2 imetyl propan p n cho nhm C5H12 ch c 3 p SGK nng cao 11- 139
Cu 14: Khi clo ha metan thu c mt sn phm th cha 89,12% clo v khi lng. Cng thc ca sn phm l:
A. CH3Cl.
B. CH2Cl2.
C. CHCl3.
D. CCl4.
-2-
CHUYN 2 :
HIROCACBON NO
Metan CH4 P clo ha tng qut : i vi ankan : CnH2n+2 +xCl2 => CnH2n+2-xClx + xHCl
CH4 + xCl2 => CH4-xClx + xHCl => Sn phm : CH4-xClx
% Cl(CH4-xClx) = 35,5.x .100% / (16 + 34,5x) = 89,12% x = 3
Cch bm : Ly 35,5.100/89,12 - 34,5 sau ly 16 chia cho s . => C.
Cu 15: Cho 4 cht: metan, etan, propan v n-butan. S lng cht to c mt sn phm th monoclo duy nht l:
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Metan CH4 to ra 1 sn phm
Etan C2H6 hay CH3 CH3 ch to ra 1sp
Propan C3H8 hay CH3 CH2 CH3 to ra 2 sp
n butan n k hiu mch thng CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 to ra 2 sn phm
=> Ch c 2 cht metan v etan to ra 2 sn phm => B
Cu 16: khi clo ha mt ankan c cng thc phn t C6H14, ngi ta ch thu c 2 sn phm th monoclo. Danh php
IUPAC ca ankan l:
A. 2,2-imetylbutan.
B. 2-metylpentan.
C. n-hexan.
D.2,3imetylbutan.
Xt A. 2,2 imetylbutan : CH3 (CH3)C(CH3) CH2 CH3
CH3
CH3 C CH2 CH3 => 3 sn phm th.=> Loi
CH3
B.2 metyl pentan : CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH2 CH3 iso hexan => sp = 6 1 =5 ADCT => Loi
C. n hexan : CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 => 3 sn phm th => Loi
D ng A,B,C sai
D. 2,3 imetylbutan ;
CHUYN 2 :
HIROCACBON NO
Cu 21: Khi tin hnh phn ng th gia ankan X vi kh clo c chiu sng ngi ta thu c hn hp Y ch cha hai
cht sn phm. T khi hi ca Y so vi hiro l 35,75. Tn ca X l
A. 2,2-imetylpropan.
B. 2-metylbutan.
C. pentan.
D. etan.
PT : CnH2n+2 +xCl2 => CnH2n+2-xClx + xHCl Xem bi 14 => sn phm : CnH2n+2-xClx v HCl
Chn 1mol CnH2n +2
nCnH2n+2-xCl = 1 ; nHCl = x mol
M hh Y = (mCnH2n+2-xClx + mHCl) / (nCnH2n+2 xClx + nHCl)
35,75.2 = (14n+2 +34,5x + 35,5x) / (1 + x) 0,5x + 69,5 = 14n => n> 69,5/14 =4,96
p n => n = 5 V A,B,C u c n =5 => n =5 => x =1 => C5H12
Do ch to ra 1 sn phm mono => A: 2,2 imetylpropan Tn khc l neo-pentan
CH3
CH3 C CH3 Th vo 1 trong 4 CH3 u nh nhau ht
CH3
=> A
Cu 22: Ankan no sau y ch cho 1 sn phm th duy nht khi tc dng vi Cl 2 (as) theo t l mol (1 : 1):
CH3CH2CH3 (a), CH4 (b), CH3C(CH3)2CH3 (c), CH3CH3 (d), CH3CH(CH3)CH3(e)
A. (a), (e), (d).
B. (b), (c), (d).
C. (c), (d), (e).
D. (a), (b), (c), (e), (d)
CH4(b) ; c l neo-pentan Bi 21 CH3CH3(d) to ra 1 sn phm => B ng
(a) to ra 2 ; e to ra 2
Cu 23: Khi th monoclo mt ankan A ngi ta lun thu c mt sn phm duy nht. Vy A l:
A. metan.
B. etan
C. neo-pentan D. C A, B, C u ng.
Chnh l bi 22 => D
Cu 24: Sn phm ca phn ng th clo (1:1, nh sng) vo 2,2- imetyl propan l :
(1) CH3C(CH3)2CH2Cl; (2) CH3C(CH2Cl)2CH3 ; (3) CH3ClC(CH3)3
A. (1); (2).
B. (2); (3).
C. (2).
D. (1)
Chnh l neo pentan => 1 sn phm duy nht bi 21 ; Th bt k 1 trong 4CH3
=> 1 tha mn : CH3 (CH3)C(CH3)-CH2CL => D
Cu 25: C bao nhiu ankan l cht kh iu kin thng khi phn ng vi clo (c nh sng, t l mol 1:1) to ra 2
dn xut monoclo ?
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 5.
D. 3.
Cht kh => C t 1 n 4 SGK 11 nng cao - 141
Xem bi 15:
CH4 => c 1 ; C2H6 c 1 ; C3H8 c 2 ;C4H10 c n butan c 1 ; CH3 CH(CH3)-CH3 c 1
=> c 3 cht cho ra 2 sn phm => D
Cu 26: Ankan Y phn ng vi brom to ra 2 dn xut monobrom c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 61,5. Tn ca Y l:
A. butan.
B. propan.
C. Iso-butan.
D. 2-metylbutan.
PT : 2CnH2n+2 + 2xBr2 => CnH2n+2 xBrx + CnH2n+2-xBrx + 2xHBr
Ta c do to ra monobrom => x = 1 => Sn phm CnH2n+1Br
2 sn phm c cng khi lng phn t
M CnH2n+1Br= 61,5.2 14n + 81 = 123 n = 3 => Y l C3H8 hay propan => B Tha mn to ra 2 dn xut
monobrom
Cu 27: t chy mt hn hp gm nhiu hirocacbon trong cng mt dy ng ng nu ta thu c s mol H2O >
s mol CO2 th CTPT chung ca dy l:
A. CnHn, n 2.
B. CnH2n+2, n 1 (cc gi tr n u nguyn).
C. CnH2n-2, n 2.
D. Tt c u sai.
Ta lun c x : y = nCO2 : 2nH2O 2x : y = nCO2 : nH2O
bi cho nH2O > nCO2 => 2x : y < 1
p n A . CnHn => 2x : y = 2n / n = 2 >1 Loi
B.CnH2n+2 => 2x : y = 2n / (2n+2) < 1 => Tha mn => B Thc cht l ankan
C.CnH2n-2 => 2x : y = 2n / (2n-2) > 1=> Loi
=> B ng
Tng hp thm : i vi cht CxHyOz Da vo cch 2 phn xc nh cng thc chuyn 1 bi 36
TH1 : CT : CnH2n+2Oz c k = 0 k = (2x y + 2)/2 => nH2O > nCO2 v nX = nH2O nCO2
VD: C2H6 ; C2H5O ; C4H9O2 - thay n v z vo Min l k = 0 vi mi cht
TH2 : CT : CnHnOz c k =1 => nH2O = nCO2 VD: C4H8 ; CnH2nOz c k =1
VD : C3H6 ; C3H6O ; C4H8O2 thay n v z Min l k = 1 vi mi cht
TH3 : CT : CnH2n-2Oz ; c k =2 => nH2O < nCO2 v nX = nCO2 nH2O
-4-
CHUYN 2 :
HIROCACBON NO
P A.
t
Na O C CH 2 C O Na + 2NaOH
CH 4 + 2Na 2CO 3
P
O
o
P C.
CaO ,t
CH 3COONa + NaOH
CH 4 + Na 2CO 3
P D.
dpdd
2CH 3COONa + 2 H 2O
2CH 4 + 2CO2 + NaOH +
1
H 2
2
Thy ngay B : CaC2 + H2O => Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 SGK 11 nng cao 178
B khng c p to ra CH4 => B
Mt s p khng c trong SGK Mi ngi c th mua quyn sch: Gip tr nh chui phn ng ha hc => Rt
hay v b ch
Ngoi ra cn c phn mm phng trnh : http://www.mediafire.com/?fncjommhrz2#1
Nhng phi in cht tham gia => Nu c phng trnh s c kt qu cho bn Ci ny ang th nghim Khng
nhiu phn ng
Cu 31: Trong phng th nghim c th iu ch metan bng cch no sau y ?
A. Nhit phn natri axetat vi vi ti xt.
B. Crackinh butan
C. T phn ng ca nhm cacbua vi nc.
D. A, C.
SGK 11 nng cao 146 => D 2 p u c trong SGK
Cu 32: Thnh phn chnh ca kh thin nhin l:
A. metan.
B. etan.
C. propan.
D. n-butan.
SGK 11 nng cao 202 => A.Metan => 70 95%
Cu 33: Xicloankan (ch c mt vng) A c t khi so vi nit bng 3. A tc dng vi clo c chiu sng ch cho mt
dn xut monoclo duy nht, xc nh cng thc cu to ca A ?
-5-
CHUYN 2 :
HIROCACBON NO
CH3
CH3
CH3
A.
.
B.
.
C. H3C
Xicloankan :CnH2n . MA = 28.3 = 84 V t khi vi N2 = 3 = 14n => n= 6
D.
H3C
CH3
CH3
Xt A.
=> C th to ra 4 sn phm.
Xt B.
=> Loi
Xt C.
H3C
CH3
Xt D. H3C
=> C th to ra 2 sn phm => Loi 1 CH3 , 1 CH
Cu 34: Hai xicloankan M v N u c t khi hi so vi metan bng 5,25. Khi tham gia phn ng th clo (as, t l
mol 1:1) M cho 4 sn phm th cn N cho 1 sn phm th. Tn gi ca cc xicloankan N v M l:
A. metyl xiclopentan v imetyl xiclobutan.
B. Xiclohexan v metyl xiclopentan.
C. Xiclohexan v n-propyl xiclopropan.
D. C A, B, C u ng.
M xicloankan = 5,25.16 = 84 = 14n => n = 6 V t khi vi CH4 = 5,25
Xt A. metyl xiclopentanN v imetyl xiclobutanM
M. Xt A.
=> C th to ra 4 sn phm.
Xt C. XiclohexanN v n-propyl xiclopropan M
N tha mn B
M. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH
CH2
CH2
CHUYN 2 :
HIROCACBON NO
M=
dX =
Y
M X nY
=
"V mX = mY" X l trc p , Y l sau p Bo ton khi lng
M Y nX
S mol kh tng sau p chnh bng s mol ankan tham gia p. V Theo PT : 1 v 2
Ly mol hn hp sau p - mol hn hp trc p = n hn hp cracking
VD :
C4H10 => CH4 + C3H6
Gi s ban u c 1 mol C4H8
Ban u:
1mol
P
:
x mol => xmol xmol
Sau p
:
1 x => x
x => n Sau p = 1-x + x + x = 1 +x
CHUYN 2 :
HIROCACBON NO
dX =
Y
M X nY
=
"V mX = mY" ; n cracking = n anken
M Y nX
nC(trong hn hp A) m
D. 40.
3.
mX mY
=
MX = 3MY v mX = mY
MX MY
CHUYN 2 :
HIROCACBON NO
1/5 khng kh
Cu 46: t chy mt hn hp hirocacbon ta thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc) v 2,7 gam H2O th th tch O2 tham gia
phn ng chy (ktc) l:
A. 5,6 lt.
B. 2,8 lt.
C. 4,48 lt.
D. 3,92 lt.
Tng t bi 45 => D
Cu 47: Hn hp kh A gm etan v propan. t chy hn hp A thu c kh CO2 v hi H2O theo t l th tch
11:15. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca hn hp l:
A. 18,52% ; 81,48%.
B. 45% ; 55%.
C. 28,13% ; 71,87%. D. 25% ; 75%.
Xem li bi 27 => Ankan c k = 0 => nhn hp ankan = nH2O nCO2
CT ankan = CnH2n+2 => n = nCO2/nankan = nCO2/(nH2O nCO2)
Khi hn hp ankan th n = nCO2/(nH2O nCO2)
T l nCO2 : nH2O = 11 : 15 => Chn nCO2 =11 mol => nH2O = 15mol
=> n = 11/(15 11) = 2,75 => 0,25n Propan = 0,75n Etan hay nPropan = 3nEtan
Chn netan = 1 => nPropan = 3 => % theo khi lng Propan = 3.44.100%/ (1.30 + 3.44) =81,48%
A
Mi ngi nn xem qua phn phng php gii nhanh => T l s mol hoc %V nhanh t n
i vi 2 cht lin tip
n = n, => S ng sau => chnh l %V Cht c C ln v 1 0, . n B (C ln) = . nA (C nh)
V nu n = 3,4 => n = 3 v n = 4 V lin tip c th l ankan => %V C4H10 = 40% => %V C3H8 = 60 % ;
( 1- 0,4).nC4H10 = 0,4nC3H8 0,6 nC4H10 = 0,4 nC3H8 3 nC4H10 = 2nC3H8 T l
Mnh hay dng cch ny - Chng bit c hay vi bn ko tham kho thm nh
Cu 48: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X thu c 0,11 mol CO2 v 0,132 mol H2O. Khi X
tc dng vi kh clo thu c 4 sn phm monoclo. Tn gi ca X l:
A. 2-metylbutan.
B. etan.
C. 2,2-imetylpropan.
D. 2-metylpropan.
Gi CT : CxHy => x : y = nC : nH = nCO2 : 2nH2O = 0,11 : 0,264 = 5 : 12 => X l C5H12 (p n 5C )
X tc dng to ra 4 sn phm monoclo .
Xt A. 2 metyl butan :
CH3 CH CH2 CH3 => To ra 4 sp => A ng
CH3
B , C , D u ch to ra 1 .
Cu 49: Mt hn hp 2 ankan lin tip trong dy ng ng c t khi hi vi H2 l 24,8.
a. Cng thc phn t ca 2 ankan l:
A. C2H6 v C3H8. B. C4H10 v C5H12.
C. C3H8 v C4H10.
D. Kt qu khc
Ankan => CT trung bnh : C n H 2n +2 =>
C. 60% v 40%.
D. 50% v 50%
CHUYN 2 :
HIROCACBON NO
Cu 51: t 10 cm3 mt hirocacbon bng 80 cm3 oxi (ly d). Sn phm thu c sau khi cho hi nc ngng t
cn 65 cm3 trong c 25 cm3 oxi d. Cc th tch trong cng iu kin. CTPT ca hirocacbon l:
A. C4H10.
B. C4H6.
C. C5H10.
D. C3H8
Gi CT : CxHy
Ngng t hi nc => Cn 65cm3 m c 25cm3 oxi d => 65 cm3 l ca CO2 v O2 d
VCO2 = 65 25 = 40 cm3 => x = VCO2 / Vhidrocacbon = 40 / 10 = 4
VO2 p = 80 25 = 65 cm3 => x + y/4 = VO2 / Vhidrocacbon = 65 / 10
4 + y/4 = 6,5 y = 6 => C4H6 => B
Cu 52: t chay hoan toan hn hp X gm hai ankan k tip trong day ng ng c 24,2 gam CO 2 va 12,6 gam
H2O. Cng thc phn t 2 ankan la:
A. CH4 va C2H6. B. C2H6 va C3H8.
C. C3H8 va C4H10.
D. C4H10 va C5H12
nCO2
0,55
=
=3,67=> n =3 (C3H8) v n =4 (C4H10) =>C
Ankan => ADCT : n=
nH2O - nCO2 0,7-0,55
Xem t phng php gii nhanh ha hu c. Down load file trn.
Cu 53: X la hn hp 2 ankan. t chay ht 10,2 gam X cn 25,76 lit O 2 (ktc). Hp thu toan b san phm chay
vao nc vi trong d c m gam kt tua.
a. Gi tri m l:
A. 30,8 gam.
B. 70 gam.
C. 55 gam.
D. 15 gam
Mo . Mnh hay dng cch ny ch bm my tnh :
Gi x ,y l s mol CO2 v H2O => m hn hp X = 12.nCO2 + 2.nH2O = 12x + 2y = 10,2
CT xem pp gii nhanh hoc => m hn hp X = mC + mH M nC = nCO2 ; nH = 2nH2O
BT nguyn t Oxi trc v sau p => 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O 2x + y = 2,3
Gii h => x = 0,7 ; y = 0,9 => nCO2 = nCaCO3 Kt ta = 0,7 => m kt ta = 70g
b. Cng thc phn t ca A v B l:
A. CH4 v C4H10. B. C2H6 v C4H10.
C. C3H8 v C4H10.
D. C A, B v C.
nCO2
0,7
=
= 3,5 A, B , C u ph hp v n nm gia s C 2 cht .
ADCT : n=
nH2O - nCO2 0,9-0,7
D
Cch khc vit PT :
(3n+1)
CnH2n+2 +
O2 => n CO2 + (n+1)H2O ;
PT :
2
2,3
mol<=1,15 mol
(3n+1)
10,2
=> M CnH2n+2 = 14n +2 =
2,3.(14n +2) = 10,2(3n+1) <=> n = 3,5
2,3
3n+1
Th vo PT : C3,5H9 + 5,75O2 => 3,5 CO2 + 4,5H2O
1,15 => 0,7
=>0,9 => . Cch ny c th tm c n lun nhng mt nhiu cng
=> Mnh ngh lm cch trn bm my tnh nhanh hn.
Cu 54: Hirocacbon X chay cho th tich hi nc gp 1,2 ln th tich CO 2 (o cung k). Khi tac dung vi clo tao
mt dn xut monoclo duy nht. X co tn la:
A. isobutan.
B. propan.
C. etan.
D. 2,2- imetylpropan.
Gi CT : CxHy => x : y = nC : nH = nCO2 : 2nH2O = VCO2 : 2 VH2O = 1 : 2,4 = 5 : 12
=> C5H12 => Loi B v C
Ch to ra mt dn xut monoclo duy nht => D Gp nhiu ri
A c th to thnh 4 dn xut monoclo duy nht CT : iso.. = s C 1
Cu 55: t chay hoan toan hn hp X gm 2 hirocacbon la ng ng lin tip, sau phn ng thu c
VCO2:VH2O =1:1,6 (o cung k). X gm:
A. CH4 va C2H6.
B. C2H4 va C3H6.
C. C2H2 va C3H6.
D. C3H8 va C4H10.
VCO2 : VH2O = 1 : 1,6 nCO2 : nH2O = 1 : 1,6 Chn nCO2 = 1 => nH2O = 1,6
nCO2
1
=
=1,67=>n=1v n = 2 => A T l th tch = t l s mol => Thay n = V
ADCT : n=
nH2O - nCO2 1,6- 1
- 10 -
CHUYN 2 :
HIROCACBON NO
Cu 56: t chay hoan toan 0,2 mol hirocacbon X. Hp thu toan b san phm chay vao nc vi trong c 20 gam
kt tua. Loc bo kt tua ri un nong phn nc loc lai co 10 gam kt tua na. Vy X khng th la:
A. C2H6.
B. C2H4.
C. CH4.
D. C2H2
Xem bi 97 chuyn 1 => nCO2 = nCaCO3 + 2nCaCO3 nung = 0,2 + 2.0,1 = 0,4
=> x = nCO2 / nX = 2 S C trong X => A , B , D u tha mn => C sai Khng th 1C
Cu 57: n gian ta xem xng la hn hp cac ng phn cua hexan va khng khi gm 80% N 2 va 20% O2 (theo
th tich). Ti l th tich xng (hi) va khng khi cn ly la bao nhiu xng c chay hoan toan trong cac ng c
t trong ?
A. 1: 9,5.
B. 1: 47,5.
C. 1:48.
D. 1:50
ng phn hexan => Tng l hexan : c CT : C6H14
x + y/4 = nO2 / nC6H14 6 + 14/4 = nO2 / nC6H14 = 9,5 nkk / nC6H14 = 5.9,5 = 47,5 => B
V Vkk = 5VO2 VO2 = Vkk / 5 hay nO2 = nkk /5= nkk / 5.nC6H14 = 9,5 => nkk / nC6H14 = 47,5
=>B T l V = t l s mol
Cu 58: t chy hon ton hn hp hai hirocacbon ng ng c khi lng phn t hn km nhau 28 vC, ta thu
c 4,48 l CO2 (ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. CTPT ca 2 hirocacbon trn l:
A. C2H4 v C4H8. B. C2H2 v C4H6.
C. C3H4 v C5H8.
D. CH4 v C3H8.
Mo : Ta c nH2O > nCO2 0,3 > 0,2 => k = 0
=> Loi A , B , C A c k =1 ; B v C c k = 2 => D
nCO2
0,2
=
=2 => Chc chn c n =1 Khng th c n =2 c v 2 cht hn km
Cch khc: ADCT : n=
nH2O - nCO2 0,3- 0,2
nhau 28vc ; bng 2 khi v ch khi c 2 cht l ng phn
Vi n = 1 => CH4 v C3H8 v hn km nhau 28 => D ng
Cu 59: Cho 224,00 lt metan (ktc) qua h quang c V lt hn hp A (ktc) cha 12% C2H2 ;10% CH4 ; 78%H2
(v th tch). Gi s ch xy ra 2 phn ng:
2CH4 C2H2 + 3H2 (1)
CH4 C + 2H2
(2)
Gi tr ca V l:
A. 407,27.
B. 448,00.
C. 520,18.
D. 472,64.
Cu 60: t chy hon ton 2,24 lt hn hp A (ktc) gm CH 4, C2H6 v C3H8 thu c V lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 7,2
gam H2O. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 5,60.
B. 6,72.
C. 4,48.
D. 2,24.
Hn hp A u l ankan hay c k = 0
nH2O nCO2 = nhn hp 0,4 nCO2 = 0,1 nCO2 = 0,3 => V = 6,72 lt => B
Xem li CT bi 27
Cu 61: t chy hon ton 6,72 lt hn hp A (ktc) gm CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C2H4 v C3H6, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO2
(ktc) v 12,6 gam H2O. Tng th tch ca C2H4 v C3H6 (ktc) trong hn hp A l:
A. 5,60.
B. 3,36.
C. 4,48.
D. 2,24.
Hn hp A gm ankan CH4;C2H6;C3H8 v anken C2H4 v C3H6
nH2O nCO2 = nhn hp ankan V nH2O = nCO2 trng hp anken t chy => tr cho nhau trit tiu =>
cn li nH2O nCO2 = n ankan => nhn hp ankan = 0,7 0,5 = 0,2 mol
n hn hp anken = nhn hp A nhn hp Ankan = 0,3 0,2 = 0,1 mol => V = 2,24 lt
Bi tp tng t trong t phng php gii nhanh ha hu c
Cu 62: t chy hon ton hn hp A gm CH4, C2H2, C3H4, C4H6 thu c x mol CO2 v 18x gam H2O. Phn trm
th tch ca CH4 trong A l:
A. 30%.
B. 40%.
C. 50%.
D. 60%.
Thu c x mol CO2 v 18x g H2O => nCO2 = nH2O = x mol => ging trng hp k = 1
Hn hp A cha ankan l CH4 k=0 v ankin :C2H2 ; C3H4 ; C4H6 k=2
thnh k =1 => nCH4 = nC2H2 + nC3H4 + nC4H6 => %CH4 = 50% Mt na
Cu ny my khng r cch gii thch.
Cu 63: t chy hon ton hn hp kh X gm 2 hirocacbon A v B l ng ng k tip thu c 96,8 gam CO 2
v 57,6 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca A v B l:
A. CH4 v C2H6. B. C2H6 v C3H8.
C. C3H8 v C4H10.
D. C4H10 v C5H12
nH2O > nCO2 => k = 0 ankan ADCT => n => B ng
- 11 -
CHUYN 2 :
HIROCACBON NO
Ta c : n hn hp ban u / n hn hp sau =
P1.V
n1 T.0,082 P1 P1
=
=
= =2
P2.V
n2
P2 P1
T.0,082
2
- 12 -
CHUYN 2 :
HIROCACBON NO
Cu 69: t chy mt s mol nh nhau cua 3 hirocacbon K, L, M ta thu c lng CO2 nh nhau v t l s mol
nc v CO2 i vi s mol ca K, L, M tng ng l 0,5 : 1 : 1,5. Xc nh CT K, L, M (vit theo th t tng ng):
A. C2H4 , C2H6 , C3H4.
B. C3H8 , C3H4 , C2H4. C. C3H4 , C3H6 , C3H8.D. C2H2 , C2H4 , C2H6
Ta thy t cng 1 s mol to ra cng 1 lng CO2 => K, L , M cng s C.
K => nH2O / nCO2 = 1/2 => chn nH2O = 1 => nCO2 = 2 nCO2 > nH2O Ankin CnH2n-2
ADCT : => n = nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) = 2 / (2 -1) = 2 => C2H2
TH2 : nH2O / nCO2 = 1 => nH2O = nCO2 => anken => C2H4 v K,L,M cng s C
TH3 : nH2O / nCO2 =3/2 => chn nH2O = 3 => nCO2 = 2 nH2O > nCO2 Ankan CnH2n+2
ADCT => n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 2 / (3-2) =2 => C2H6 Hoc thy cng s C => n=2
=>D
Cu 70: Nung m gam hn hp X gm 3 mui natri ca 3 axit no n chc vi NaOH d thu c
cht rn D v hn hp Y gm 3 ankan. T khi ca Y so vi H2 l 11,5. Cho D tc dng vi H2SO4
d thu c 17,92 lt CO2 (ktc).
a. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 42,0.
B. 84,8.
C. 42,4.
D. 71,2.
Axit no n chc => k = 0 Gc hidrocabon ; m = 1 S chc
=> CnH2n +2 - 1 COOH Xc nh theo cch 1 Hay CnH2n +1 COOH
=> Mui : CnH2n +1 COONa SGK 11 nc 252 Tnh cht ha hc nh axit
PT : CnH2n +1 COONa +NaOH => CnH2n +2 (hhY) + Na2CO3 (D) (1)
P iu ch ankan SGK 11nc 146
Ta c Na2CO3 + H2SO4 => Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
nNa2CO3 = nCO2 = 0,8 mol Th vo PT 1 => nNa2CO3 = nhhY = nNaOH = 0,8 mol
BT khi lng => m + mNaOH = mhh Y + mNa2CO3
m + 0,8.40 = 0,8.11,5.2 + 0,8.106 V t l khi Y so vi H2 = 11,5 => m = 71,2 g => D
b. Tn gi ca 1 trong 3 ankan thu c l:
A. metan.
B. etan.
C. propan.
D. butan.
Ta c M hh Y = 11,5 . 2 = 23 = 14n +2 => n = 1,5 => Chc chn phi c n =1 => CH4 => A
CHUYN 2 :
1B
11C
21A
31D
41C
51B
61D
2A
12B
22B
32A
42B
52C
62C
3C
13C
23D
33B
43A
53BD
63B
4B
14C
24D
34B
44A
54D
64A
5D
15B
25D
35C
45A
55A
65C
HIROCACBON NO
6D
16D
26C
36A
46D
56C
66D
7A
17A
27B
37A
47A
57B
67B
8DA
18B
28A
38D
48A
58D
68B
9B
19B
29B
39BC
49CC
59A
69D
- 13 -
10D
20C
30B
40D
50BD
60B
70DA