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1
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2
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,kwfpGtqHk; q&maumif;awGudk ppfwuUodkvf udkom ydk@wmrsdK;u tpyg/ ppfwuUodkvfawGrSm qdk&ifvJ
ppfwyfom;orD;awGyJ wufcGif@&wmyg//

4
Htun Aung Gyaw

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5
Htun Aung Gyaw

vlxk vlxkcsif; vSnf@wdkufwJ@ AsL[m

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jzpfygw,f//

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EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;
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rS 2008 txd tusOf;uscH owif;pmq&m}uD; teft,f'aD cgif;aqmif OD;0if;wif udpPudk wifjyvdkygw,f//
6
Htun Aung Gyaw

ppftpdk;&[m OD;0if;wifudk EkdifiHa&; rvkyf&if v$wfay;r,f t}udrf}udrf ajymwdkif; OD;0if;wifuvJ t}udrf}udrf

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trdef@xGufvmvdk@ jyef0ifygtHk;/ qdkum jyefoGif;cJ@w,f//

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tajccHOya'u ydkta&;}uD;aywmudk;//

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7
Htun Aung Gyaw

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tydkif;(2)
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ppftpdk;&udk xdyfwdkuf&ifqdkifr_ vkyfzdk@awmif;qdkvm =ujyDjzpfygw,f// jynfya&muf tiftm;pkrSmvJyJ ydkrdkwuf=uGaom
A[dk&fOD;aqmifr_ vdkw,fqdkwJ@ jynfwGif;teft,f'DeJ@ wlnDwJ@jy\em &Sdvmygw,f// ESpf20awmfvSefa&;c&D;pOfrSm
jynfya&muf edkifiHa7;OD;aqmifaewJh tzGJ@ tpnf;rsm;. vkyfaqmifr_[m wdk;wufr_ r7SdcJ@yg// wwd,tiftm;pkjzpfwJ@
EkdifiHwumzdtm;uvJ vHk;0 ta&;ygwJ@ taetxm;yg/ EkdifiHwum zdtm;ryg&if ppftpdk;&zufu wpHkwckaom
jyKjyifr_udkyifv#if vkyfvdrf@rSmr[kwfyg//

teft,f'D (NLD)
teft,f'D OuUX OD;atmifa&$[m 'Drdkua&pD enf;pepfwus rusifhoHk;zl;/ atmufajcvlxkeJ@ vli,fawG pum;udk
t+rJjiif;y,f wwfolrsdK;jzpfw,f ponfjzifh a0zef cHvm&ygw,f// teft,f'D&J@ pDtD;pDu a&G;vdkufwJ@
vli,facgif;aqmifydkif;eJ@ ywfoufvdk@ rauseyf=uvdk@ vli,fw&mausmf E_wfxGufwJ@udpP[m vl}uD;awGudk
wkefv_yfapcJ@ygw,f// vli,fydkif; taeeJ@uvJ 'Drdkua&pDyef;wdkifudk ar#mfrSef;Ekdifygawm@rvm; qdkwJ@ pdwfysufr_awG
vli,fawG=um;rSm ay:vmaewm jzpfygw,f/ 'g[mbmudk jyovJqdkawmh a':pkr&SdyJ OD;aqmifEkdifpGrf;/ jy\emudk
ajz&Sif;EkdifpGrf; r&SdwJ@ oabmrsdK;udk jyaeygw,f//

ppftpdk;&&J@ tcsdefqGJ AsL[ma=umif@ 'Dvdkjy\emawG ay:aygufvm&wm jzpfygw,f// ppftpdk;&ay:udk tm;aysm@aom

cHppftaetxm;eJ@ &ifqdkifae&wJ@ teft,f'Dudk vli,fydkif;u tm;rvdktm;r& jzpfvm&wmyg// wcsdK@vli,frsm; qdk&if
ukd,f@enf;udk,f@[ef vGwfvyfpGm ppftpdk;&udk qef@usifzdk@ enf;vrf;&SmazGvm ygw,f// 'DvdkvlwcsdK@udk ygwDu uefxkwfjypf
wm&Sdygw,f// wcsdK@uawm@ tusOf;uscHum vGwfvrf;rjrif jzpfoGm;ygw,f// vuf&Sd teft,f'D [m awG@qHkaqG;aEG;r_udk
wGifwGif awmif;qdkaeayrJ@ 'Dvdk aqG;aEG;yGJ a&mufvmatmif b,fvdk zdtm;awG EkdifiHa&; tiftm;awG oHk;&r,f EkdifiHa&;
v_yf&Sm;r_awG &Sd&r,fqdkwmawG rygygzl;// 'Dvdk olwdk@ tm%mudk wkefv_yfapr,f@ udpPrygyJuawm@ ppfacgif;aqmifawG
taeeJ@ ZdrfeJ@ tdyfaewmu xawmif =unf@rSmr[kwfygzl;//
8
Htun Aung Gyaw

2010 a&G;aumufyGJ ausnmcsuf[m jynfwGif;jynfy 'Drdkua&pD tiftm;pkrsm;udk udkifv_yfvdkufovdk jzpfoGm;ygw,f//

teft,f'D taeeJ@ 1990 a&G;aumufyGJ &vm'fudk qkwfudkifw,fqdk&if 2010 a&G;aumufyGJ eJ@ywfoufyD; b,fvdkwkef@jyef
wdkufcdkuf&r,f qdkwJ@enf;AsL[m udk&SmazG&mrSm jy\em t=uwftwnf; awmfawmf &Sdaewmyg// 2010 a&G;aumufyGJudk
vufcHvdkufjyef&ifvJ 1990 a&G;aumufyGJ &vm'f[m wefzdk; r&Sd jzpfoGm;ygr,f// 1990a&G;aumufyGJ tm;todtrSwfjyKzdk@
ppftpdk;&xHrSm awmif;qdkcsuf tay:ppftpdk;&u todtrSwf rjyKygu b,fvdk ppftpdk;&eJ@ &ifqdkifajz&Sif; &r,fqdkwm
odyftcsdefqGJvdk@ r&awmhyJ jrefjrefvkyfzdk@ teft,f'D acgif;aqmifydkif;rSm wm0ef&Sd vmygw,f//

wenf;ajym&&if teft,f'D acgif;aqmifrsm; taeeJ@ r[ef@wm; Ekdifygu 2010 a&G;aumufyGJ rSm ppftpdk; [m enf;rsdK;pHk
oHk;um Ekdifatmifvkyf rSm rdk@ 2010 a&G;aumufyGJrpcif tcsdefrD jynfvHk;u|wf vlxk qENjyyGJ ac:Ekdifavmufatmif
teft,f'D[m ppftpdk;&tay: jywfom;pGm &ifqdkifr,f@ owWad rG;zdk@ vdkvmygw,f// tcsdefodyfrusef awm@wJ@ twGuf
teft,f'D taeeJ@ acgif;aqmifydkif;udk tjrefqHk; jyKjyif ajymif;vJay;&ygr,f// wdkif;jynftwGuf toufpGef@r,ff@
vli,facgif;aqmif rsm;udk ykcHk;ajymif;ay; &ygr,f//

jynfytwdkuftcHtiftm;pkrsm;
teft,f'DawG@&wJ@ tusyftwnf; rsdK; jynfytiftm;pkrsm; rSmvnf; &ifqdkif&ygw,f// tcsdef=umjyD jzpfawm@ 'Davmuf
&Snf=umaecsdef twGif; AsL[mr&Sd wdk;wufr_ r&SdyJ jzwfoef; vmvdkuf=uwm &vm'fuawmh ppftpdk;&eJ@ ,SOf+ydKif
wdkufcdkufwJ@ EkdifiHa&; tiftm;pk tjzpfuaejyD; tef*sDtdk pwdkif tiftm;pk tjzpf a&G@av#medrfhqif; vmygawm@w,f//
awmfvSefa&; tiftm;pkrsm;[m pkpnf;nDnGwfpGm pGrf;tif tjynf@eJ@ tvkyfvkyfEkdifpGrf; r&Sdyg// b,fa&mufvdk@
b,faygufrSef;rod v_yf&Sm;aewJ@ tpk tzGJ@i,frsm;udk pkaygif;pyfaygif;pkzGJ@ xm;wJ@ tiftm;r&Sdaom tkyfpkrsm;
toGifay:aew,fvdk@ qkd&ygr,f//

wdk;wufr_ r&Sd enf;AsL[m r&Sd eSp7f Snfvrsm;ae7m,kxm;aom OD;aqmifr_

1990a&G;aumufyGJ &vm'fudk ppftpdk;&[m todtrSwf rjyKawmhwJ@aemuf e,fpyfudk trwftcsdK@xGufvmum
trsdK;om;nGef@aygif; tpdk;&udk xdkif;Arm e,fpyfwae&mrSm zGJ@cJ@wm 17ESpf=umcJ@ ayrJ@ wdk;wufr_ atmifjrifr_ wpHkw&mudk
rawG@cJ@yg/ acgif;aqmifydkif;uvJ 17ESpfom =umoGm;w,f tajymif;tvJ wpHkw&m r&SdcJ@yg// 1990 a&G;aumufyGJ
rSxGufay:vmwJ@ trwffrsm;eJ@ pkzGJ@xm;wJ@ v$wfawmf trwfrsm;tpnf;t7kH;[m EkdifiHa&; tm%mudk &if;jrpfusus cH,lcGif@
&Sdaom tzGJ@tpnf;tjzpf &kyfvHk;ay:vm cJ@ygw,f//

r=umrSD usif;yawm@r,f v$wfawmf trwfrsm;tzGJ@ tpnf;ta0; uaeyD; acgif;aqmifr_ tajymif;tvJudk pwif

vkyfaqmifcGif@ &vmrSmjzpfygw,f// tu,fIom v$wfawmftrwfrsm;tzGJ@ taeeJ@ wu,fwef; pGef@pm;vkyfudkif
EkdifpGrf;&Sdaom jynfytiftm;pkrsm;udk pkpnf;nDnGwfatmif vkyfEkdfifpGrf;aom acgif;aqmifopfudk a&G;cs,f EkdfifpGrf;&Sd
rnfqdkygu tiftm;}uD;w&yf &kyfvHk; ay:vmEkdifygr,f// trsdK;om; nGef@aygif;tpdk;&[m trwfrsm;eJ@om zGJ@&r,fqdkwJ@
rlt& tpdk;&tzGJ@rSm trwfr[kwfoludk tpdk;&tzGJ@0if 0ef}uD;cef@cGif@r&Sdyg// 'ga=umif@trwfomv#if 0ef}uD;vkyfcGif@
&Sdw,fqdkwm rlw&yf/ owfrSwfcsuf tjzpf jzpfay:vmygw,f// wu,fawm@ 'Drludk jyKjyifum vli,fydkif; ynmwwf
xufjruf t&nftcsif;jynf@ OD;aqmifEkdifpGrf; &Sdolrsm;udk jynfyrSm&SmazGum tiftm;&Sdaom ta0;a&muf tpdk;&wck
wnfaqmuf ,loifhygw,f// twwf ynm&SifawG EkdifiHa&;ody`HygarmuQawG/ pD;yGm;a&; em;vnfwwfu|rf;olawG
9
Htun Aung Gyaw

ponfjzifh jynfytiftm;pk xJuvlawmf awGudk tpdk;& tzGJ@0if tjzpf ,loHk;oifhygw,f/ vlrsdK;pk acgif;aqmifawG
vufeufudkif vlrsdK;pkxJu t&nftcsif;&SdolawG ponfjzif@ &SmazGyD; tm;jznf@oifhygw,f//

'grSom trsdK;om;nGef@aygif; tpdk;&[m ppftpdk;&udk udkifv_yfEdkfifpGrf; &Sdvmygr,f// twdwfumv wav#mufvHk;/

teft,f'D t&dyfcdkum jynfwGif; teft,f'D ajymor# xyfqifh jyefajymjy ay;aewJ@ tqifhrSm raeyJ udk,fydkifvrf;pOf
udk,fydkif tiftm; xlaxmifum jynfyurBmrSm &J0ef@pGm &yfwnfwJ@ tpdk;&rsdK; jzpfoifhygw,f// bmha=umifhvJqdkawmh
jynfwGif;rSm etz[m teft,f'Dudk trsdK;rsdK; 'kuQay;aeawm@ jynfwGif; teft,f'D taeeJ@ ol@t=uwftwnf;/
ol@ay;vmwJ@ tajctaet& vkyfaewm jzpfw@J twGuf jynfyu trsdK;om; nGef@aygif; tpdk;&eJ@ obm0csif; rwlwmrdk@
yHkpHwrsdK;pD v_yf&Sm;oifhwmyg//

bmvkyfvkyf zrf;[,f/qD;[,f axmifcs[,feJ@ ql;=um;xJ oD;wJ@Al;oD;vdk uef@owfcsufrsm;pGm =um;rSm

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&ifqdkifr_rsdK; vkyf&ygr,f// jynfwGif;teft,f'Du awG@qHkaqG;aEG;yGJeJ@ wlnDaomoabmxm;udk &Smum wlwmwGJvkyfzdk@
vkyfae&csdefrSm trsdK;om;nGef@aygif;tpdk;& taeeJ@ jynfwiG f;teft,f'D vkyfwmudk vdkufvkyfraeyJ udk,fbmvkyfoifhw,f
qdkwm oD;oef@csifhcsdefzdk@vdkygw,f// wckwnf;aom wlnDwJ@ &nfrSef;csuf yef;wdkif jzpfwJ@ 'Drdkua&pD atmifyGJtwGuf
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twdkuftcH tiftm;pk tjzpfrS tef*sDtdk pwdkif v_yf&Sm;ol tqif@odk@ a&G@av#medrfhusvmr_

wcsKd hawmfvSefa7;orm;rsm; vufeufudkifvrf;pOfudk pGef hy,fI t=urf;rzuf vrf;pOfudk pwif ajymif;ygawmhw,f//
'g[mvJ taxmuftyH@ay;ol tv_&Sifrsm;u t=urf;rzufol udkrSom axmufyef@r,f qdkwJ@ t"dtcsufa=umifhyg//
'Doabmxm;[m bmudkjyvJ qdkawmh 'DvdkvlrsdK;awGrSm t=urf;zuf/ rzuf ponfjzif@ bmrS wdus cdkifrmwJ@ oabmxm;
,Hk=unfcsuf&Sdvdk@r[kwfyJ udk,f@pm;0wfaea&; &yfwnfcsuftwGuf taxmuftyef@ &zdk@ aiG&yD;a&m b,fvdk acgif;pOf
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axmufyef@ay;urf;EdkifwJ@ acgif;aqmifudkrS wynf@awG aemufvdkufawGu vufcHvmygw,f// awmfvSefa&;
&yfwnfcsufawG ajymif;vJum vpmeJ@ tvkyfvkyfwJ@ 0efxrf; qefaom &yfwnfcsufrsdK; jzpfoGm;ygw,f// awmfvSefa&;
twGuf b,favmuf ta&;}uD;yap ydkufqHr&v#ifrvkyfEkdfif/ ay;Edkifolaemufodk@om vdkufyg&yfwnf &wJ@ tqifhrsdK; txd
usqif;vmygw,f//

axmufyef@aiG qdkwmawGuvJ jyef=unf@&if 0efxrf;vpm/ c&D;p&dyf ursm;aeyD; 20&mE_ef;yJ jynfwGif; a&mufygw,f//

'DvdkjzpfwJ@ tajctaeudk rESpf+rdK@Ekdifvdk@ udk,f@zgomudk,f &yfwnf &SmazGpm;aomuf qdkifawGrSm tvkyf0ifvkyf
tcsif;csif;aiGpk udk,f@jynfwGif;u udk,f@tkyfpkudk vSrf;axmufyef@ aeolrsm;vJ &Sdygw,f// 'DvlawGuawmh
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r[kwfzl;vdk@ qkd&ygr,f//

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&ifabmifwef;vkyfEdkif =uwmuawmh tHtm;oifhp&myg// tef*sDtdkrsm;u a':vm waomif;eJ@ vkyfwJ@ vkyfief;udk
10
Htun Aung Gyaw

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olwdk@ toHk;pm&dyf eJ@ukefwmyg// 'g@tjyif awmfvSefa&;orm; ppfppfawGudk olwdk@&J@ &Jabmf&Jbuf tcsif;csif;u tjynf@t0
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vkyfwmxuf 5qavmuf ruydkvkyfEkdifwmudk awG@&rSmjzpfygw,f//

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acgif;aqmifrsm;vdk@ qkd&ygr,f// 2008Edk0ifbmvrSm jynfya&muf 88rsdK;quf ausmif;om; acgif;aqmifrsm;[m jrefrmjynf
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EkdifiHwum taxmuftyef@ (zdtm;)

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rsufESmom ay;aeygw,f// 'Dvdk EdkifiHwum zdtm;rSm wcsdK@ wdkif;jynfrsm;&J@ ppftpdk;&ay: rsufESmom ay;r_a=umif@
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ppftpdk;&udk jzKwfcszdk@ odyftcsdef=uef@=umrSm jzpfovdk jynfolvlxkvJ tawmrowf cHpm;ae&rSm jzpfygw,f//ordkif;pOf
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odk@aomf tar&duef/ Oa&my pwJ@ EkdifiHwumzdtm; uawm@ xdkolwdk@ twGuf vkdtyfvSygw,f//

11
Htun Aung Gyaw

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