Overhead Optical Fiber

I. Overhead
9

SOH

260

C4Playload

SOH

Classification of Overhead
SOH: Section Overhead
POH: Path overhead
Overhead SOH & POH
SDH Network

overhead Overhead
Traffic Data (Payload)
-

Overhead
SDH Signal Section Layer & Path layer

Section Layer
-

RSOH (Regenerator Section Layer)

MSOH (Multiplex Section Layer)

Path Layer
-

H-POH (Higher Order Path Layer)

L-PLH (Lower Order Path Layer)

Ex: STM-16 system:

-

Regenerato Section Layer

STM-16 Signal

Multiplex Section Layer Overhead

STM-16

STM-1

High Order Path Overhead

VC-4 STM-1

Lower Order Layer Overhead


VC-1 Lower Order SDH Signal
(VC-3,VC-12,VC-11) VC-4

1. Section Overhead
A1

A1

A1

A2

A2

A2

J0/C1

B1

E1

F1

D1

D1

D3

RSOH

Administrator Unit Pointer (Au-PTR)

9bytes
B2

B2

B2

K1

K2

D4

D5

D6

D7

D8

D9

D10

D11

D12

S1

M1

E1

: Media dependent bytes

: Byte Reserved for national use
: Unscramble bytes
: Byte Reserved for future national Standardization
Section overhead
-

Frame Aligning Pattern

Parity Check Bit (B1&B1)

STM-1 Identification (J0)

Alarm information

Automatic Protection Switching K1&K2 (1byte5bytes)

Data Communication Channel (D1&D2)

Voice Communication Channel (E1&E2)

MSOH

User Channel (F1)

Signal SDH Network, Signal Multiplexer

Regenerator Signal
Signal

section overhead & path overhead

Playload (Transmitter Note)

Regenerator Section Overhead

Section overhead

Section layer

Ex: Signal capacity 140Mbit/s SDH network:

ROSH2
MOSH2
POH
Playload

ROSH2
MOSH2
POH
Playload

Input 140 Mbit/s signal

into Multiplexer

TM1

DxC

140Mbit/s has dropped to

STM1

REG

TM2

Multiplexed

Evaluate RSOH1,

Evaluate RSOH2 then

Evaluate RSOH1,

MSOH1 and POH

new RSOH2 and

POH and MSOH2

then drop 140Mbps

generate RSOH1,

MSOH1 the generate

MSOH2, POH remain
untouched

140Mbps

generate new RSOH3

remain untouched

MSOH1 and POH

From STM-1

Multiplexer Multiplexer
section

overhead (Multiplexer Section Overhead Regenerator Section Overhead)Path Overhead

Operation, Maintenance & Administrator (OMA) 140Mbps signal

Section Overhead & Path Overhead DxC (Digital Cross Connection)

DxC

Section Overhead
(RSOH2&MSOH2) Path Overhead

Regenerator Regenerator Regenerator

MSOH2

MSOH
RSOH3
POH


RSOH2

& POH Regenerator RSOH3

Multiplexer

Signal Multiplexer Multiplexer RSOH3,MSOH2

& Path overhead 140Mbps (Drop Multiplexer

)
section overhead signal

.byte
Section Overhead

1. Framing bytes A1 and A2

Lower rate Tributary Signal

Higher rate Signal multiplexer Higher rate Signal

Pointer Value (

Aligning VC-N) AU-P & TU-PTR byte A1 & A2 bytes

pointer

Aligning STM-N Signal STM-N Signal stream

Receiver End STM-N Signal Stream Receiver

Aligning

STM-N Signal Aligning lower rate Signal Frame

Byte A1 & byte A2

Ex:
A,B&C ( Lower-Rate Tributary Signal)

A,B&C

(STM-N

Raw & Column ( Aligning STM-N Frame

Frame)

Aligning

byte A1 & byte A2)

Aligning A A, B B & C C
(Align Lower-Rate Tributary Signal

Stream

pointer)

STM-N Frame A,B&C

Receiver Aligning Frame

STM-N Signal

byte A1 & byte A2?

Byte A1 & byte A2

bit bit partner A 111101101 (F6H)
bit partner

A2 00101000 (28H) Receiver STM-N Signal Stream

byte
Signal Stream 3N F6H

3N 28H
( 3N byte A1 3N byte A2 ) Receiver
STM-N Frame

Transmit3Aand
3A2byte

Transmit3Aand
3A2byte

A2

TransmitSTM1
Signal

Transmit12xNofA1
byteand12xNofA2
byte
1

TransmitSTM1
Signal

A2

A2

A2

A1

A1

A1

ReceiverSTM1
Signal

Starttoreceiver
STM4Signal
2

12xN
A2

A2

1
A1

12xN

2
A1

A1

ReceiverSTM1
Signal

Process of detecting whether receiver received STM-1 or STM-N signal

Receiver
byte A1 A2 5 frames (625)
5 frames Frame STM-1 Frame, STM-4 Frame STM-16
Frame alarm Out Of Frame Out Of Frame (OOF)
3us Receiver Byte A1 &A2 ) alarm

Lose Of Frame alarm Lose Of Frame Receiver

alarm
AIS (Alarm Indicated Signal) Transmitter
alarm Lose Of
Frame

service
Frame
Over625us
(5Frame)

Process of A1 and A2 byte

FinalA1
&A2

OOF
Over3ms

Next
Process

LOF

Generate
AIS

 STM-N Signal STM-N Signal scramble

Receive

Timing Signal ( Signal) Data Stream byte A1 &A2

scramble byte Align STM-N Signal

STM-N Signal
scramble byte row column

column Section Overhead (A1 & A2) byte STM-N Signal

scramble Data Stream

timing STM-N Signal Descramble STM-N Signal Receiver

. Regenerator Section Trace bye J0:

Byte
Section Access Pointer Identifier
Section Receiver

connection ( connection transmitter transmitter

)

domain Operator copy format byte J0

Network Operator receiver transmitter

fault

fault (network

character

byte J0 operator

byte J0 STM-N Frame

STM

identifier J1
STM-1
STM-N frame STM-1 frame




multiplexer STM-N, STM-1

byte A1& byte A2 Aligning Frame

. Data Communication Channel (DCC) byte: D1-D12 (64Kbps)

NE

NE

NE

NE

DDCChannel
OAMInformation:Operator,Administrator&maintenance
TMN
TCP/IP

Configuration of operation, Administrator and maintenance to each NE via TMN

(Transport by D1-D12 byte)

 SDH network operation, administration & maintenance

SDH (automatic)

configuration operator administrator & maintenance

Network Element (NE)

configuration

byte D1 D12
configure

network management terminal byte

data communication channel

Operation, Administration & maintenance information Network Element

Network Management System SDH network function PDH system

Alarm Fault Location & Online Testing D1 D3 byte

OAM information
Regenerator section overhead

OAM

function

3x64Kbps=192Kbps D4 D12 byte

Multiplexer

Section

Overhead

9x64Kbps=576Kbps Capacity D1 D12 byte STM-N 768Kbps

( multiplex STM-1 STM-N
D1 D12 byte
) byte

STM-N
STM-1

. Over wire byte (E1&E2)

E1

MUX

E1

REG

E1

E1

REG

MUX

E2

Using of E1 and E2 byte at different place

E2

E1 byte & E2 byte 64Kbit/s overwire channel voice communication

byte

E1 byte
oderwire channel Regenerator Section overhead


Regenerator
Multiplexer Regenerator E2 byte

Oderwire channel Multiplex Section overhead

Multiplexer

communication Multiplexer
Regeneratior communication

Regenerator
Regenerator
E1 byte

Termina

Multiplexer
Lower-Rate Tributary signal Higher-Rate Signal Multiplex

Lower-Rate Tributary Higher-Rate Signal Signal

Regenerator Section Layer communication communication Regenerator

Section Layer E1 byte RSOH RSOH

E2 byte communication Regenerator Section Layer

communication E2 byte Multiplex Section Layer

E2 byte SDH Network communication

Multiplex

communication Multiplex Regenerator

Multiplex

Regenerator Multiplex
SDH Network E1 byte (
E2 byte) communication

Regenerator Section Layer SDH Network E2 byte (

E1 byte)

communication (Oderwire Channel) Multiplex Section Layer

. Bit Inerleaved Parity 8(BIP-8) Byte:B1

A1

A2

A3

A3

B1

Calculator of B2 byte (BIP-8)

Byte Error Generator section layer B1
byte
Generator section overhead B1 byte bit error
generator section layer ?

frame signal

BIP-8 Section


4

bytes A1=00110011, A2=11001100,A3=10101010 & A4=00001111

error signal

BIP-8

column




bit 1

bit 1

BIT-8

STM-N signal STM-N signal Scrambling

B1 is sent to Receiver
within 2# STM-N

Evaluate B1 then
generate a new B1

REG

Tx

1#STMN

Evaluate new B1 then do

like step 3 and 4 below

Rx

1. Calculate B1= 2
After scrambling

2#STMN

2#STMN

3.Calcutate a new B1=A

before #1 STM-N was
scrambling

1#STMN
Compare A & A
(after A was extract
from 2# STM-N)

2.B1= A is putting
2# STM-N before scrambling

STM-N Signal STM-N frame

scrambling

BIP-8
B1 B1 byte

STM-N frame
(

STM-N frame
scrambling) B1 byte STM-N frame

STM-N frame scrambling signal Receiver,

Receiver BIP-8 scrambling STM-N frame 1 byte

B1 byte (B1 Receiver) B1 byte (byte
transmitter) descrambling STM-N frame

B1 byte

Transmitter
B1 byte

Receiver Exclusive-or

STM-N frame
error block

Error Higher-Rate signal

error block bit

 B1 byte Receiver end error block

Regenerator Section Background Block Error (RS-BBE) RS-BBE

Transmitter end receiver end Bit Error Rate (BER) Threshold

receiver end report alarm bit error bit error threshold
requirement report alarm
-

Bit Error Rate 10E-6(10 )

Alarm B1-SD

Bit Error Rate 10E-3(10 ) Alarm B2ExC

-6

-3

. User Channel Byte: F1