QRC

A-B

C-C

C=C

(sp3)

+ A-B

() (RX)

X-X

NaOH

H-X

KCN

R-X

H
X : Cl, Br

R - CH = CH2 + KX + H2O

RONa

: (C2H5OH)
: NaOH, KOH

R-COOH + NH4

R-OR + NaX
+

NH3

HX: HCl, HBr, HI

R-OH + NaX
R-CN + KX
+
R-CN + 2H2O + H

H - OH

(sp2)

R - CH - CH2 + KOH

QRC

- +NaOH

RNH3 X

R-NH2 + NaX + H2O

RCOONa

RCOO-R + NaX

RC CNa
a

RC C-R + NaX

R-I > R-Br > R-Cl >> R-F

H2

(ROH)

R-CH2-CH + 2KOH

R-C CH + 2KX + 2H2O

X
R-CH-CH2 + 2KOH
X X

R-C CH + 2KX + 2H2O

R - Cl + SO2 + HCl

Cl S Cl
O

(RCOOH) (RCOOR)
+

CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2 + 2KOH
X
X

H2O

R - OH + SOCl2

CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + + 2KX + 2H2O

R - C - OH + R - OH
O

R - C - OR + H2O
O

R - CH - CH2
H

. H2SO4
170o C

R - CH = CH2 + H2O

OH

R-OH + HO-R
H2O

. H2SO4
140o C

3 > 2 > 1

R-O-R + H2O

Saytzeff
,

( )
H2O
RCOOR + NaOH
RCOONa + ROH

R-H + X2

R-X + HX

3 > 2 > 1